In order to discover marine bioactive compounds, we investigated the chemical constituents from the organic extracts of soft coral Klyxum molle. Repeated column chromatography on the ethyl acetate extract of soft coral Klyxum molle, resulted in the isolation of nine new eunicellin-type diterpenoids, klymollins V¡ÐZ (1¡Ð5) and klyxumollins A¡ÐD (6¡Ð9), and four known compounds (10¡Ð13). The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the related known compounds. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1¡Ð13 was evaluated against five tumor cell lines including CCRF-CEM (human T cell lymphoblast-like cell line), K562 (human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia cell line), Molt 4 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line), T47D (human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line) and DLD-1 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line). Compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxicity toward three cancer cells (CCRF-CEM, Molt 4 and T47D) and compounds 4 and 9 showed weak cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cancer cells. Compound 11 was found to exhibit stronger cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM cancer cells (ED50 values of 4.2 £gg/mL). On the other hand, compound 3 showed weak activity against the accumulation of the pre-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages, at a concentration of 25 £gM.

Seven new eunicellin-based diterpenoids, krempfielins K¡ÐQ (1¡Ð7), along with six known compounds, litophynin I (8), krempfielin A (9), krempfielin D (10), sclerophytin F (11), litophynol B (12), and litophynol I monoacetate (13), have been isolated from the soft coral Cladiella krempfi which was collected from Penghu Island of Taiwan. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, COSY, and NOESY) and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the related known compounds. The structure of compound 1 is rare due to the presence of a tetrahydropyran ring constituted from C2¡ÐC6 and oxygen atom. Compound 7 is the first discovery of eunicellin-based dimer. The anti-inflammation activity of twelve compounds (1¡V6 and 8¡V13) at 10 £gM was studied. The results showed that compound 4 inhibited more than 70% express of elastase released in FMLP/CB-induced human neutrophils .

Samples including surface sediments and seawaters were collected from eighteen ports of Pingtung County. The objective of this study were to understand sources of organotin pollution and to monitor the organotin pollution of these fishing ports by analying with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). ¡@The results showed that butyltins were the major components of organotin pollution of the fishing ports investigated. The concentrations of MBT, DBT, TBT and MPT in seawaters varied between 3.9~51.6 ng/L as tin, ND~15.2 ng/L as tin, ND~23.9 ng/L as tin and 2.1~7.2 ng/L as tin. The concentrations of MBT, DBT, TBT and MPT in surface sediments varied between 67~332 ng/g as tin, 17.6~325 ng/g as tin, 26~420 ng/g as tin and ND~43.7 ng/g as tin. ¡@The contents of organotin compounds were relevant to the number of fishing craft and the frequency of fishery activities. Distribution of organotin compounds between seawaters and surface sediments in these fishing ports were correlational. Phenyltin was detected only in a few ports, probably due to the sewage discharge from the nearby villages. The concentrations of organotin compounds observed in this study are lower than most of the reported values from foreign ports. In comparison with the previous studies in the same areas, organotin concentrations have dropped significantly. These observations are attributed to the effective control over the utilization of organotin compounds by the authorities.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-170). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50). Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Jan. 21, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-40) .

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-137).

Thesis (Ph.D.(Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-238). Also available online.