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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo ClÃnica, Funcional e MorfolÃgica dos Pacientes Submetidos à Esfincterotomia Lateral Interna por Fissura Anal CrÃnica / Clinical, functional and morphological evaluation of womens who underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure

Graziela OlÃvia da Silva Fernandes 05 January 2012 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / A fissura anal à uma das principais afecÃÃes encontradas nos consultÃrios dos coloproctologistas. O tratamento ideal para fissura anal crÃnica permanece incerto, mas, a esfincterotomia lateral interna continua sendo o tratamento mais efetivo disponÃvel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a anatomia e a funÃÃo anorretal dos pacientes submetidos à esfincterotomia lateral interna devido à fissura anal crÃnica. AlÃm disso, determinar a correlaÃÃo dos sintomas de incontinÃncia fecal com os achados anatÃmicos utilizando ultrasonografia anorretal tridimensional e estabelecer o percentual do esfÃncter anal interno (EAI) que pode ser seccionado durante a realizaÃÃo de uma esfincterotomia. Foram avaliadas, prospectivamente, 31 mulheres com mÃdia de idade de 40 anos com fissura anal crÃnica tratadas com esfincterotomia lateral interna. Foi utilizado o escore de incontinÃncia de Wexner, a manometria anorretal e a ultassonografia anorretal tridimensional (US3D). Foram incluÃdas ainda, 26 mulheres saudÃveis como grupo controle com mÃdia de idade de 38 anos. Quatro meses apÃs a cirurgia, foram medidas as pressÃes anais, os comprimentos dos mÃsculos do canal anal, sendo os grupos comparados. O comprimento longitudinal e a porcentagem do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado em relaÃÃo ao total do esfÃncter interno contra lateral foram correlacionados com o escore de incontinÃncia. Na anÃlise estatÃstica, aplicou-se o teste t Student, one-way ANOVA, o teste qui quadrado, o teste de correlaÃÃo de Spearman e o coeficiente de correlaÃÃo intraclasse(ICC). O p<0.05 foi o valor utilizado para significÃncia estatÃstica. No grupo da esfincterotomia, 11 eram nulÃparas, 11 possuÃam pelo menos um parto vaginal e 9 foram submetidas a cesariana. A distribuiÃÃo da paridade e tipo de parto entre os grupos foram similares. O escore de incontinÃncia foi semelhante quando comparado as pacientes quanto a paridade e ao tipo de parto. NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre a idade e o escore de incontinÃncia fecal. As pressÃes anais de repouso reduziram significativamente no pÃs-operatÃrio. NÃo houve diferenÃa entre as pressÃes voluntÃrias mÃximas no prÃ- e pÃs-operatÃrio. NÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante no comprimento dos esfÃncteres Ãntegros e do GAP quando comparadas as pacientes submetidas a esfincterotomia com pacientes voluntÃrias. Houve uma correlaÃÃo positiva significante entre o comprimento de mÃsculo seccionado e o escore de incontinÃncia fecal. Dezoito pacientes incluÃdas no estudo tiveram menos de 25% do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado, sendo a mÃdia do comprimento da lesÃo 0,54cm. Treze pacientes tiveram 25% ou mais do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado e a mÃdia do tamanho do esfÃncter seccionado de 1,00cm. O escore de incontinÃncia foi significantemente menor nos pacientes que apresentaram menos de 25% do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado. NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre o Ãngulo de lesÃo e o escore de incontinÃncia. O coeficiente de correlaÃÃo intra classe variou de 0,714-0,989 para as medidas ultrassonogrÃficas realizadas por dois examinadores. Conclui-se que houve uma correlaÃÃo entre o tamanho do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado e o escore de incontinÃncia anal e que a secÃÃo do EAI deve ser limitada a menos de 25% do comprimento total do mÃsculo. / The anal fissure is one of the main diseases found in the offices of colorectal surgeons. The ideal treatment for chronic anal fissure remains uncertain, but, until now, the lateral internal sphincterotomy is still the most effective treatment available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy and anorectal function of patients undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Also, determine the correlation between fecal incontinence symptoms and the anatomic findings using three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography to establish the percentage of the internal anal sphincter that could be safely divided during lateral sphincterotomy. In a prospective study, 31 females, mean age 40years, with chronic anal fissure treated with lateral internal sphincterotomy were evaluated using Wexnerâs incontinence score, anal manometry and 3D anorectal ultrasonography. It was also included 26 healthy females control, mean age 38years. Anal canal pressures and the muscles length were measured 4 months after surgery and compared between both groups. The longitudinal length and percentage of internal anal sphincter divided in relation to total contralateral sphincter length were assessed and correlated with incontinence score. Student t test, one-way ANOVA, chi square test, Spearman correlation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used. The p <0.05 was the value used for statistical significance. The sphincterotomy group included 11 nulliparous, 11 vaginal delivery and 9 cesarian cessation. The figures for control group were similar. The incontinence score was similar when compared the parity and mode of delivery of the patients. There was no correlation between age and scores of fecal incontinence. The anal resting pressure decreased significantly after surgery. There was no difference between the maximal voluntary pressure in pre-and postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the length of the anterior external anal sphincter, external anal sphincter- puborectalis complex and GAP when compared the patients undergoing sphincterotomy with voluntary patients. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the length of muscle divided and the score of fecal incontinence. Eighteen patients had less than 25% of the internal anal sphincter divided and the average size of 0,54cm divided sphincter.Thirteen patients had 25% or more of the internal anal sphincter divided and the average size of 1.00 cm divided sphincter. The incontinence score was significantly lower in patients with less than 25% of the internal anal sphincter divided. There was no correlation between the angle of injury and incontinence score. The intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.714 to 0.989 for the ultrasound measurements performed by two examiners. It is concluded that there was a correlation between the size of the internal anal sphincter divided and anal incontinence score and the division of the IAS must be limited to less than 25% of the total length of the muscle.

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