Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 takegawa_bk_dr_botfm.pdf: 2505732 bytes, checksum: caff44b11cfdc05e43c5608674bbc096 (MD5) / O abaixamento endoanal do cólon (AEC) introduzido em 1998 por De la Torre & Ortega tem tornado obsoleta as cirurgias realizadas em dois ou mais tempos, na correção da moléstia de Hirschsprung (MD). Esta técnica é preconizada principalmente em recém-nascido e lactente. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever nossa casuística demonstrando os aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, complicações, seguimento e medida manométrica do canal anorretal no pré e pósoperatório. Foi um estudo retrospectivo de 6 anos (2001 a 2007) onde foram estudadas 36 crianças com MD operados pela AEC. Os dados clínicos, cirúrgicos e seguimento ambulatorial foram coletados dos prontuários médicos. Foram 36 crianças (26 meninos e 10 meninas). A mediana da idade por ocasião do diagnóstico foi de 36 dias (1 a 2507 dias). Enema opaco revelou zona de transição em 32 pacientes. A manometria demonstrou ausência de reflexo retoesfincteriano em 35 pacientes. A biópsia retal por sucção em 16 pacientes, coradas com acetilcolinesterase confirmou a doença em 12 e em 4 mostrou padrão equívoco. No pré-operatório a média de pressão de repouso foi de 72,8 ± 26,3 mmHg sem diferença estatística com grupo controle (74,5 ± 25,2 mmHg). Na manometria pós-operatória a média foi de 69,7 ± 24,6 mmHg, sem diferença estatística, quando comparada com o pré-operatório. A mediana de idade na cirurgia foi de 154 dias (3 a 2.855 dias). O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 200,1 minutos (55 a 310 minutos). A média de comprimento ressecado foi de 28,4 cm (11 a 48 cm). Houve 2 pacientes com necessidade de conversão para laparotomia. O tempo médio de internação foi de 6,6 ± 2,1 dias (2 a 48 dias). Evacuação entre as primeiras 48 horas ocorreu em 35 pacientes. Introdução da dieta nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório foi em 35 pacientes. Realizou-se a dilatação anal em 14 pacientes por estenose anal... / The endoanal colon pull-through (ECP) procedure introduced by De la Torre & Ortega in 1998 has caused surgeries performed at two or more times to become obsolete for Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) correction. This technique is mainly recommended for newborns and infants. The present study aimed at describing our patients, showing clinical and surgical aspects, complications, follow-up and the manometric measurement of the anorectal canal in the pre- and postoperative periods. It was a 6-year retrospective study (2001 a 2007) in which 36 children (26 boys and 10 girls) with HD operated by ECP were evaluated. The clinical, surgical and outpatient follow-up data were collected from the children’s medical charts. Their age median on the occasion of diagnosis was of 36 days (1 to 2,507 days). Opaque enema showed a transition zone in 32 patients, and manometry revealed the absence of rectosphincteric reflex in 35 patients. Suction rectal biopsy in 16 patients, as stained by acethylcolinesterase, confirmed the disease in 12 and showed an equivocal standard in 4 patients. In the preoperative period, the at rest pressure mean was of 72.8 ± 26.3 mmHg without a statistical difference in relation to the control group (74.5 ± 25.2 mmHg). In postoperative manometry, the mean was of 69.7 ± 24.6 mmHg, without statistical difference as compared to that of the preoperative period. The age median at the time of surgery was of 154 days (3 to 2.855 days). The mean surgery duration was of 200.1 minutes (55 to 310 minutes). The mean resected length was of 28.4 cm (11 to 48 cm). Two patients needed to be converted to laparotomy. The mean hospitalization period was of 6.6 ± 2.1 days (2 to 48 days). Bowel voiding in the first 48 hours occurred in 35 patients. Diet introduction in the first postoperative hours occurred in patients. Anal dilation was performed by anal stenosis in 14 patients... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Coelho de Arruda Henry / Banca: Renê Ganberini Prado / Banca: Alexandre Bakonyi Neto / Banca: Antonio Gonçalves Oliveira Filho / Banca: Flávio de Oliveira Pileggi / Resumo: O abaixamento endoanal do cólon (AEC) introduzido em 1998 por De la Torre & Ortega tem tornado obsoleta as cirurgias realizadas em dois ou mais tempos, na correção da moléstia de Hirschsprung (MD). Esta técnica é preconizada principalmente em recém-nascido e lactente. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever nossa casuística demonstrando os aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, complicações, seguimento e medida manométrica do canal anorretal no pré e pósoperatório. Foi um estudo retrospectivo de 6 anos (2001 a 2007) onde foram estudadas 36 crianças com MD operados pela AEC. Os dados clínicos, cirúrgicos e seguimento ambulatorial foram coletados dos prontuários médicos. Foram 36 crianças (26 meninos e 10 meninas). A mediana da idade por ocasião do diagnóstico foi de 36 dias (1 a 2507 dias). Enema opaco revelou zona de transição em 32 pacientes. A manometria demonstrou ausência de reflexo retoesfincteriano em 35 pacientes. A biópsia retal por sucção em 16 pacientes, coradas com acetilcolinesterase confirmou a doença em 12 e em 4 mostrou padrão equívoco. No pré-operatório a média de pressão de repouso foi de 72,8 ± 26,3 mmHg sem diferença estatística com grupo controle (74,5 ± 25,2 mmHg). Na manometria pós-operatória a média foi de 69,7 ± 24,6 mmHg, sem diferença estatística, quando comparada com o pré-operatório. A mediana de idade na cirurgia foi de 154 dias (3 a 2.855 dias). O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 200,1 minutos (55 a 310 minutos). A média de comprimento ressecado foi de 28,4 cm (11 a 48 cm). Houve 2 pacientes com necessidade de conversão para laparotomia. O tempo médio de internação foi de 6,6 ± 2,1 dias (2 a 48 dias). Evacuação entre as primeiras 48 horas ocorreu em 35 pacientes. Introdução da dieta nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório foi em 35 pacientes. Realizou-se a dilatação anal em 14 pacientes por estenose anal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The endoanal colon pull-through (ECP) procedure introduced by De la Torre & Ortega in 1998 has caused surgeries performed at two or more times to become obsolete for Hirschsprung's Disease (HD) correction. This technique is mainly recommended for newborns and infants. The present study aimed at describing our patients, showing clinical and surgical aspects, complications, follow-up and the manometric measurement of the anorectal canal in the pre- and postoperative periods. It was a 6-year retrospective study (2001 a 2007) in which 36 children (26 boys and 10 girls) with HD operated by ECP were evaluated. The clinical, surgical and outpatient follow-up data were collected from the children's medical charts. Their age median on the occasion of diagnosis was of 36 days (1 to 2,507 days). Opaque enema showed a transition zone in 32 patients, and manometry revealed the absence of rectosphincteric reflex in 35 patients. Suction rectal biopsy in 16 patients, as stained by acethylcolinesterase, confirmed the disease in 12 and showed an equivocal standard in 4 patients. In the preoperative period, the at rest pressure mean was of 72.8 ± 26.3 mmHg without a statistical difference in relation to the control group (74.5 ± 25.2 mmHg). In postoperative manometry, the mean was of 69.7 ± 24.6 mmHg, without statistical difference as compared to that of the preoperative period. The age median at the time of surgery was of 154 days (3 to 2.855 days). The mean surgery duration was of 200.1 minutes (55 to 310 minutes). The mean resected length was of 28.4 cm (11 to 48 cm). Two patients needed to be converted to laparotomy. The mean hospitalization period was of 6.6 ± 2.1 days (2 to 48 days). Bowel voiding in the first 48 hours occurred in 35 patients. Diet introduction in the first postoperative hours occurred in patients. Anal dilation was performed by anal stenosis in 14 patients... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / A fissura anal à uma das principais afecÃÃes encontradas nos consultÃrios dos coloproctologistas. O tratamento ideal para fissura anal crÃnica permanece incerto, mas, a esfincterotomia lateral interna continua sendo o tratamento mais efetivo disponÃvel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a anatomia e a funÃÃo anorretal dos pacientes submetidos à esfincterotomia lateral interna devido à fissura anal crÃnica. AlÃm disso, determinar a correlaÃÃo dos sintomas de incontinÃncia fecal com os achados anatÃmicos utilizando ultrasonografia anorretal tridimensional e estabelecer o percentual do esfÃncter anal interno (EAI) que pode ser seccionado durante a realizaÃÃo de uma esfincterotomia. Foram avaliadas, prospectivamente, 31 mulheres com mÃdia de idade de 40 anos com fissura anal crÃnica tratadas com esfincterotomia lateral interna. Foi utilizado o escore de incontinÃncia de Wexner, a manometria anorretal e a ultassonografia anorretal tridimensional (US3D). Foram incluÃdas ainda, 26 mulheres saudÃveis como grupo controle com mÃdia de idade de 38 anos. Quatro meses apÃs a cirurgia, foram medidas as pressÃes anais, os comprimentos dos mÃsculos do canal anal, sendo os grupos comparados. O comprimento longitudinal e a porcentagem do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado em relaÃÃo ao total do esfÃncter interno contra lateral foram correlacionados com o escore de incontinÃncia. Na anÃlise estatÃstica, aplicou-se o teste t Student, one-way ANOVA, o teste qui quadrado, o teste de correlaÃÃo de Spearman e o coeficiente de correlaÃÃo intraclasse(ICC). O p<0.05 foi o valor utilizado para significÃncia estatÃstica. No grupo da esfincterotomia, 11 eram nulÃparas, 11 possuÃam pelo menos um parto vaginal e 9 foram submetidas a cesariana. A distribuiÃÃo da paridade e tipo de parto entre os grupos foram similares. O escore de incontinÃncia foi semelhante quando comparado as pacientes quanto a paridade e ao tipo de parto. NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre a idade e o escore de incontinÃncia fecal. As pressÃes anais de repouso reduziram significativamente no pÃs-operatÃrio. NÃo houve diferenÃa entre as pressÃes voluntÃrias mÃximas no prÃ- e pÃs-operatÃrio. NÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante no comprimento dos esfÃncteres Ãntegros e do GAP quando comparadas as pacientes submetidas a esfincterotomia com pacientes voluntÃrias. Houve uma correlaÃÃo positiva significante entre o comprimento de mÃsculo seccionado e o escore de incontinÃncia fecal. Dezoito pacientes incluÃdas no estudo tiveram menos de 25% do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado, sendo a mÃdia do comprimento da lesÃo 0,54cm. Treze pacientes tiveram 25% ou mais do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado e a mÃdia do tamanho do esfÃncter seccionado de 1,00cm. O escore de incontinÃncia foi significantemente menor nos pacientes que apresentaram menos de 25% do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado. NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre o Ãngulo de lesÃo e o escore de incontinÃncia. O coeficiente de correlaÃÃo intra classe variou de 0,714-0,989 para as medidas ultrassonogrÃficas realizadas por dois examinadores. Conclui-se que houve uma correlaÃÃo entre o tamanho do esfÃncter anal interno seccionado e o escore de incontinÃncia anal e que a secÃÃo do EAI deve ser limitada a menos de 25% do comprimento total do mÃsculo. / The anal fissure is one of the main diseases found in the offices of colorectal surgeons. The ideal treatment for chronic anal fissure remains uncertain, but, until now, the lateral internal sphincterotomy is still the most effective treatment available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy and anorectal function of patients undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Also, determine the correlation between fecal incontinence symptoms and the anatomic findings using three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography to establish the percentage of the internal anal sphincter that could be safely divided during lateral sphincterotomy. In a prospective study, 31 females, mean age 40years, with chronic anal fissure treated with lateral internal sphincterotomy were evaluated using Wexnerâs incontinence score, anal manometry and 3D anorectal ultrasonography. It was also included 26 healthy females control, mean age 38years. Anal canal pressures and the muscles length were measured 4 months after surgery and compared between both groups. The longitudinal length and percentage of internal anal sphincter divided in relation to total contralateral sphincter length were assessed and correlated with incontinence score. Student t test, one-way ANOVA, chi square test, Spearman correlation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used. The p <0.05 was the value used for statistical significance. The sphincterotomy group included 11 nulliparous, 11 vaginal delivery and 9 cesarian cessation. The figures for control group were similar. The incontinence score was similar when compared the parity and mode of delivery of the patients. There was no correlation between age and scores of fecal incontinence. The anal resting pressure decreased significantly after surgery. There was no difference between the maximal voluntary pressure in pre-and postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the length of the anterior external anal sphincter, external anal sphincter- puborectalis complex and GAP when compared the patients undergoing sphincterotomy with voluntary patients. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the length of muscle divided and the score of fecal incontinence. Eighteen patients had less than 25% of the internal anal sphincter divided and the average size of 0,54cm divided sphincter.Thirteen patients had 25% or more of the internal anal sphincter divided and the average size of 1.00 cm divided sphincter. The incontinence score was significantly lower in patients with less than 25% of the internal anal sphincter divided. There was no correlation between the angle of injury and incontinence score. The intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.714 to 0.989 for the ultrasound measurements performed by two examiners. It is concluded that there was a correlation between the size of the internal anal sphincter divided and anal incontinence score and the division of the IAS must be limited to less than 25% of the total length of the muscle.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / As maiores limitaÃÃes da manometria anorretal à a carÃncia de definiÃÃes uniformes de alguns parÃmetros e a padronizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas. Diferentes tÃcnicas tÃm sido utilizadas para induÃÃo do RIRA, justificando resultados discrepantes entre os diversos centros de pesquisa. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar alteraÃÃes nos parÃmetros do RIRA quando comparado a insuflaÃÃo rÃpida (30ml/s), sustentada por 60 segundos do balÃo intra-retal com volumes de 30 e 60 ml de ar seguida de desinsuflaÃÃo rÃpida com a insuflaÃÃo e desinsuflaÃÃo rÃpidas nas mesmas condiÃÃes. Foram utilizados 40 indivÃduos voluntÃrios saudÃveis para estudo do RIRA, distribuÃdos igualmente entre os sexos, na faixa etÃria de 20 a 40 anos. Foi utilizado um sistema de perfusÃo pneumohidrÃulico com 4 canais e cateter radial. Os parÃmetros foram avaliados cerca de 2 cm da margem anal, utilizando a tÃcnica de traÃÃo estacionÃria. Foram avaliados: O comprimento do canal anal funcional, a zona de alta pressÃo (ZAP) com localizaÃÃo do ponto de maior pressÃo em relaÃÃo à margem anal, a sensibilidade retal mÃnima e a da urgÃncia inicial evacuatÃria, a pressÃo basal anal mÃdia, a pressÃo de contraÃÃo voluntÃria mÃxima, a resposta ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e parÃmetros relacionados ao RIRA. Os resultados constataram elevaÃÃo significante no comprimento do canal anal funcional no sexo masculino, porÃm uma zona de alta pressÃo sem diferenÃa significante entre os sexos. A maior pressÃo ocorreu em mÃdia 1,7cm (1-2 cm) da margem anal. A sensibilidade retal mÃnima, a sensibilidade de urgÃncia inicial evacuatÃria, a pressÃo basal anal mÃdia prÃ-reflexos nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significantes entre os sexos. A pressÃo de contraÃÃo voluntÃria mÃxima obteve elevaÃÃo significante no sexo masculino. A resposta normal de relaxamento do EAE ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio ocorreu em 90,9% e o padrÃo de defecaÃÃo dissinÃrgica ocorreu em 9,09%. A insuflaÃÃo rÃpida sustentada por 60 segundos elevou com significÃncia estatÃstica o tempo de relaxamento mÃximo do EAI, o tempo de recuperaÃÃo do tÃnus do EAI e a duraÃÃo do reflexo, mas nÃo alterou a amplitude de mÃximo relaxamento do EAI, quando comparado com a insuflaÃÃo e desinsuflaÃÃo rÃpidas. Os resultados demonstram que o padrÃo de insuflaÃÃo altera parÃmetros do RIRA, e que nÃo à possÃvel a comparaÃÃo de diferentes centros de pesquisa sem a padronizaÃÃo da tÃcnica. / Anorectal manometry is limited mainly by the lack of standardized parameters and techniques. A number of different techniques have been used to induce the anorectal inhibition reflex (AIR), but results have been inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to identify differences in AIR parameters between two different manometry techniques: a) rapid inflation (30ml/s) of intrarectal balloon with 30 and 60 ml air, maintained during 60 seconds and followed by rapid deflation, and b) fast inflation and deflation under similar circumstances. The study included 40 healthy volunteers aged 20-40 years and used a 4-channel pneumohydraulic perfusion system and radial catheter. The parameters, which were measured at approximately 2 cm from the anal margin by the stationary pull-through method, included: length of functional anal canal, high-pressure zone (HPZ) and highest pressure point in relation to anal margin, minimum rectal sensitivity, initial voiding urgency sensitivity, average basal anal pressure, maximum voluntary contraction pressure, response to voiding contraction and AIR-related parameters. The length of the functional anal canal was found to be significantly increased in males, but no significant difference in HPZ was observed between the sexes. On the average, the highest pressure was located 1.7cm (1-2 cm) from the anal margin. No significant difference was found between the sexes with regard to pre-reflex minimum rectal sensitivity, initial voiding urgency sensitivity and average basal anal pressure. The maximum voluntary contraction pressure was significantly increased in males. A normal response of internal anal sphincter (IAS) relaxation to voiding contraction was observed in 90.9% of the subjects while unsynergistic voiding patterns were found in 9.09%. Rapid inflation maintained for 60 seconds significantly increased the maximum IAS relaxation time, the recovery time of the IAS tone and the duration of the reflex, but did not affect the amplitude of the maximum IAS relaxation compared to rapid inflation and deflation. Our findings indicate that AIR parameters depend on inflation technique and that results from different centers will only be comparable after techniques have been stadardized.

Hirschsprung’s disease is a common pathology in pediatric surgery. Besides, long-term outcome of surgically-treated patients remains a crucial issue. The management of Hirschsprung’s disease has remarkably advanced over the years, but difficulties persist particularly in the developing countries (such as Vietnam), where essential diagnostic procedures, such as preoperative histopathological exploration techniques/ facilities (mainly for acetylcholinesterase staining), or adequate postoperative management and follow-up requirements are unavailable.We, therefore, contemplated to work-out a relevant histo-diagnostic approach to overcome these constraints that limit our diagnostic approaches, namely, in Vietnam, and we introduced a “less-demanding” diagnostic approach, namely calretinin immunohistochemical staining which is known to be adequate for formalin-fixed tissues (and thus not necessitating frozen section equipment). We thus used calretinin immunohistochemistry in a prospective study on a large cohort of Vietnamese HD cases. Results showed that rectal suction biopsy using calretinin immunohistochemistry provides an effective histopathological diagnostic tool that can replace AChE and provides a valuable evaluating approach for both preoperative and postoperative management.In addition, we also studied long-term outcome in operated patients and impact of postoperative morbidities on their quality of life. Indeed, a long-term multidisciplinary management with dedicated procedures such as anorectal manometry is essentially required for patients with severe defecation disorders. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This Research thesis is focused on the influence of body position on the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Anatomical structures, kinesiology and neurophysiology of the PFM are described in the theoretical part of this thesis. It also discusses the methodology used for objective evaluation of the PFM. For the practical part of this thesis, 30 healthy subjects (aged 20 - 30 years, 15 male, 15 female) where chosen via a questionnaire. The subjects were examined via the method of anorectal manometry. The goal of the examination was to measure the distribution of a) resting pressure in the anal canal in selected positions, b) pressure during voluntary maximal contraction of PFM and sphincters in selected positions, c) pressure during 20 seconds of voluntary contraction. Selected positions are: lying on the back; lying on the back with legs elevated and held in "three flexion"; kneeling on all fours with palm support; kneeling on all fours with elbow support; squatting, and standing. Results: a) The resting pressure is influenced by the body position. Highest resting pressure was observed in squatting and standing positions, lowest resting pressure was measured on subjects while kneeling on all fours with elbow support. No significant difference was observed between male and female subjects in...

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. . / Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. . / Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. . / Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37   4.05 in group I and 89.13   5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19   1.18 in group I and 84.94   1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal. / Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37   4.05 in group I and 89.13   5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19   1.18 in group I and 84.94   1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal. / Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37   4.05 in group I and 89.13   5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19   1.18 in group I and 84.94   1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal.

The thesis examines the relationship between the level of intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal wall expansion. The theoretical part brings an overview of knowledge about the function of intra-abdominal pressure and about the possibilities of objectification of postural functions. There are described studies which dealt with the influence of intra-abdominal pressure on the stability of spine. Theoretical part also includes detailed description of individual invasive and non-invasive methods of measurement of intra-abdominal pressure and activation of abdominal muscles. Work methodology: In the practical part the intra-abdominal pressure was measured using anorectal manometry and abdominal wall expansion by utilizing DNS brace device. 31 healthy examinees with average age of 26.77 (SD 3.01) were measured in five different standing postural situations: during resting breathing, Valsalva Maneuver, Müller's maneuver, diaphragm test and in the situation with added external load in the form of static holding of dumbbell. Results of the thesis: Among the values of the pressure gathered from the DNS brace device and from anorectal manometry was proven statistically important correlation (p < 0.001) in all five tested situations. In all situations the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was higher than 0.6...