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The experiences of older persons living with chronic diseases in Ga-Dikgale, Limpopo ProvinceTshishonga, Sedrose Ndivhuso January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M. A. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The deterioration of health associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension
and diabetes mellitus often leads to psychological problems especially among ageing
older persons. The aim of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of
older persons living with chronic diseases in Ga-Dikgale community in the Limpopo
Province. Specifically, the study sought to determine the subjective meanings that
older persons living with chronic diseases attach to their conditions; to establish older
persons’ causal explanations of their chronic diseases; and, to determine the
psychological strategies that older persons use to manage their conditions.
A qualitative approach, and in particular, the phenomenological method was used in
the present study. Ten older persons living with the experiences of chronic diseases
(male = 3: female = 7), aged between 60 and 90 were selected through purposive
sampling and requested to participate in the study. Data were collected using
semistructured interviews and analyzed using the Interpretive Phenomenological
Analysis (IPA) method. The themes that emerged from the study included the
following: a). The subjective explanations by older persons living with a chronic
disease; b). Manifestations of chronic diseases; c). The psychological coping
strategies used by older persons; d) The management of chronic diseases. The
findings of the present study further suggest that the participants understand their
illnesses as chronic conditions that require long-term management. A number of
psychological strategies are utilised by the participants to cope with their chronic
conditions. These include passive/active coping and cognitive reappraisal coping
strategies. With regard to the management of chronic conditions, most participants
were of the view that medical treatment received from the clinic is appropriate for the
treatment of their conditions. Some of the participants were however of the view that
the nurses did not give them enough information about their chronic condition. The
study is concluded by making a number of recommendations that among others
include calling for more studies that should be conducted on the impact of chronic
diseases on the family structure.
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Knowledge of hypertensive patients and practice of pharmacists in the management of hypertension at the Dikgale Primary Health Clinics, Limpopo ProvinceSetshekgamollo, Masoto Mapula January 2020 (has links)
Thesis (M.Pharm.) -- University of Limpopo -- 2020 / Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which are chronic diseases in nature, have been the most common cause of death and disability globally for the last three decades. The prevalence of hypertension in South Africa has been estimated to be 20% of the adult population with over six million people being affected. Patient’s knowledge and awareness of blood pressure plays an important role in achieving successful control of hypertension. Although it is important for a physician to be involved in this educational process, pharmacists also have a role to play in this regard. Given their accessibility and drug therapy expertise, pharmacists are a logical choice and a valuable asset to improve hypertension management via team-based care and also when they are in direct consultation with the patients.
Methods: The study involved both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data from 341 patients attending the 4 clinics at Ga-Dikgale. A semi-structured one-on-one interviews were used as data collection for 20 pharmacists working at Mankweng hospital until saturation was reached.
Results: On the knowledge about definition, 30.7% were knowledgeable and 5.8% were highly knowledgeable. On the knowledge about treatment, 48% were highly knowledgeable. With regards to lifestyle modifications 77.8% were highly knowledgeable. For complications of hypertension, 63.2% were highly knowledgeable. Amongst the participants level of education proved to play a significant role on the knowledge of hypertension.
The study also revealed that pharmacists shared similar practices in the management of hypertension. The following themes emerged from the data analysis, using Tesch’s inductive, descriptive coding technique of qualitative data analysis: Perceived roles of pharmacists during the management of hypertensive patients, expectations of pharmacists during provision of medication to hypertensive patients, and challenges related to pharmacists’ practices during care of hypertensive patient}s.
Conclusions: The results of the quantitative study indicated that participants at Dikgale have good knowledge about hypertension, although previous studies indicate high rates of cardio-metabolic risk factors for hypertension. Further studies need to be conducted to determine reasons for patients not practicing lifestyle modifications. The results of the qualitative study indicated that there are common practices of pharmacists in the management of hypertension. More attention should be focused on training pharmacists on how to provide comprehensive counselling to hypertensive patients. There should also be workshops for pharmacists on how to efficiently educate patients on hypertension. / VLIR
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Barriers to Decreasing Hospital Readmission Rates for Chronic Disease Patients in North Dakota as Perceived by Primary Care Nurse PractitionersWard, Megan Lynn January 2016 (has links)
Patients who have chronic diseases are often readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of being discharged. In the United States preventable hospital readmissions cost approximately $12-$17.4 billion annually. The Institute of Healthcare Improvement [IHI] has identified one key measure for reducing preventable readmissions and that is a timely post hospital follow-up visit. Although this seems to be a simple task, studies have revealed that as many as one-third of patients discharged from the hospital are not following up with their primary care provider. In North Dakota the percentages of patients with chronic diseases such as heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, and pneumonia have steadily increased over the last several years. A North Dakota critical access hospital report revealed a high percentage of patients with a chronic disease are being readmitted within 30 days. Identifying barriers to care in North Dakota can help to reduce the rate of readmission within the state. This study seeks to identify perceived barriers as observed by primary care nurse practitioners to improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital readmission rates.
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A DESCRIPTION OF MARKERS OF PATIENT PROGRESS DURING HOSPITALIZATION.Enyart, Kathy Jane. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
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SELF-HELP AS A LEARNED RESPONSE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS EXPERIENCE: A TEST OF FOUR ALTERNATIVE THEORIES (ADAPTATION, HELPLESSNESS, RESOURCEFULNESS).BRADEN, CARRIE JO GIFFORD. January 1986 (has links)
The purposes of this study were: (a) to identify which of four competing theories best accounted for self help as a learned outcome of chronic illness experience, and (b) to generate a Self Help Model that could be used to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness. The concepts of severity of chronic illness, intimate dependency reinforcers, self induced dependency reinforcers, cue outcome independence reinforcers, enabling skill, self help and life quality were specified in a causal format that allowed a competitive test of four different theories. The theories tested were instrumental passivity theory, self induced dependency theory, an adaptation of learned helplessness theory and learned resourcefulness theory. The study utilized a causal modeling design to assess a five stage model. A judgment sample of 786 individuals having a diagnosis of arthritis or an arthritis related condition were mailed questionnaires. Two hundred seventy-eight subjects responded, a 36 percent return rate. Seven scales using a visual analogue response format indexed the theoretical concepts. Reliability and validity estimates were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the instruments. Model parameters were estimated using multiple regression statistical techniques. Residual analysis was conducted to estimate violations of the causal model and statistical assumptions. Factors from one theory, the learned resourcefulness theory, emerged as more credible than factors from any single other theory. However, the data did evidence factors from other theories that were significant. Self induced sick role reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of enabling skill (B = -.31 and B = -.12, respectively; R² = .11). Intimate dependency reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of self help (B = -.34 and B = -.24, respectively; R² = .19). These factors helped to identify environmental and intra-person contingencies that led to reduction in self help. The learned resourcefulness factor, enabling skill, demonstrated the mediating skills that worked to enhance self help (B = .44; R² = .29). The Self Help Model generated to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness explained 50 percent of the variance in perceived self help. Self help had a direct positive impact on life quality (B = .61; R² = .46). By knowing the factors influencing a patient’s self help response to chronic illness experience, the nurse is better able to plan more effective self help promoting interventions for individuals, or groups of patients. Nurses who promote a self help response in those having a chronic illness could improve their life quality.
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An evaluation of a chronic disease outreach program (CDOP) - a primary care and tertiary care kidney and cardiovascular prevention, detection and management programKatz, Ivor Jonathan 01 February 2011 (has links)
PhD, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Background: Chronic diseases have increased worldwide. Despite the significant advances in
medical science, the management of chronic diseases continues to be poor. To meet this
challenge, we need to try to implement existing chronic illness models of prevention, early
detection, and risk factor management. This is achievable in part by linking primary health care
clinicians, such as primary health care nurses (PHCNs) and hospital-based medical specialists.
This study evaluated a ‘real life’ chronic disease outreach program (CDOP), which assisted
PHCNs with the early detection and management of chronic illnesses known to cause chronic
kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). PHCNs are critical in the management
of chronic illnesses but they require ongoing support of and links with specialists. This will
ensure that current guidelines reach the people receiving primary health care (PHC) and
detection of those needing referrals.
Aims: The study aimed to determine if CDOP was an effective method for the early detection
and management of diabetic and hypertensive patients at high risk for complications like stroke,
ischaemic heart disease and CKD. It also aimed to evaluate the PHCNs’ knowledge and
motivation, and to elucidate the challenges facing the current health system in the management
of patients with chronic conditions.
Methods: Patients at risk for complications were enrolled for increased monitoring and clinical
support and management, at 20 clinics in Soweto, South Africa (SA). CDOP used a paper-based
support and patient care system, modelled on the Wagner Chronic Illness Care Model (CICM).
The components for evaluation included: (i) Focus on monitoring functional and clinical
outcomes (ii) Health system interventions, such as increased ‘decision support’ and the
development of a ‘prepared motivated health care team’ and (iii) Enhancing PHCNs’ knowledge
and motivation. The evaluation followed the various elements of the Wagner CICM, as well as
drawing on the WHO Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions (ICCC) Framework. A cohort
analysis of functional and clinical outcomes in enrolled patients was conducted. PHCN
knowledge and motivation was assessed through self administered questionnaires. Health
worker knowledge was evaluated through the use of case scenarios and multiple choice
questions. On the theme of health worker motivation, Franco’s model, with Penn-Kekana’s
adaptation, was used to develop the questions and analyse diary recordings. Diary recordings of
PHCNs and meetings with regional and provincial health managers’ discussions were collected
by CDOP staff during follow-up focus groups and feedback meetings. Diaries were analysed
thematically. The CDOP evaluation is thus a triangulated analysis of clinical and functional
outcomes, diary recordings, and the self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The CDOP ran from 2003-2006, during which time 618 patients (61% females, 39%
males) deemed at risk of CKD or CVD were enrolled; 55% had uncontrolled hypertension (HTN),
45% DM with HT and/or proteinuria. Patients were followed for 2 years. In total, 108 patients
completed 2 years of follow up, most of whom were referred for specialist support (n=69, 11%),
more intensive medication regimes or because were not available in the PHC system. Most did
not require referral (515, 82%), 35 (6%) were referred but never arrived at the hospital and 6
(1%) died. Twelve percent had advanced CKD, 2% required dialysis, 6.9% required medications
not available to primary care clinics, and 1% died. As a tool to detect those needing referral, the
program was successful. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting those needing referral was
95% and 100%, respectively.. However, although PHCNs were able to detect high risk patients,
not all those referred arrived at the hospital. Hypertension, blood glucose, cholesterol and
proteinuria control significantly improved in those followed (p<0.01) over 2 years, but no
improvement was noted with weight control. Importantly, proteinuria and kidney function, in
patients with static stable renal function, measured by estimated GFR equations and urine
dipstick or albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), did not worsen significantly. Of the remaining 510
patient enrolled but not followed up, 213 (35%) were reabsorbed into the routine clinics, and a
further, 123 (20%) of patients enrolled were lost to follow up completely. The diary recording
thematic analysis revealed the problem of poor patient follow up, attributed to the poor existing
health system in the clinics, competing demands on PHCNs, staff shortages, high staff turnover,
and the low motivation and morale of clinicians. The analysis of the health worker questionnaire
showed improved motivation and statistically better knowledge in those PHCNs involved with
CDOP compared to those who were not exposed to the program (p<0.0034).
Conclusions: CDOP was successful in supporting PHCNs, detecting patients with advanced
disease and ensuring their early referral. Such programs are able to correctly detect people with
disease, but this is dependent on the health and program systems being intact. It also improved
patient risk factor control in the sub-set of referred patients and impacted on PHCNs’ existing
knowledge and motivation for caring for patients. Its weaknesses were related to the poor
existing health systems and infrastructure, and the poor integration of chronic illness care in the
region. The PHC clinics had poor follow up compared with that in the hospital setting. The study
also revealed an overworked, poorly supported, and frustrated primary health care team. This
was despite the fact that the PHCNs were willing and motivated to deliver a good service.
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O monitoramento de enfermagem em um programa de gestão de doenças crônicas: seguimento de um grupo de hipertensos / The Monitoring Nursing program management of chronic disease: follow-up of a group of hypertensive patientsRaymundo, Ana Carolina Nascimento 21 August 2014 (has links)
Introdução: A hipertensão arterial tem alta prevalência, porém o controle dos níveis pressóricos é pouco satisfatório, provavelmente devido a baixa adesão ao tratamento. Assim, faz-se necessário buscar estratégias para aumentar o controle e adesão ao tratamento e modificar o estilo de vida. O Objetivo principal desse estudo foi caracterizar um grupo de hipertensos monitorados por enfermeiros dentro de um programa de gestão de doenças crônicas. Casuística e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 283 hipertensos em uma instituição particular na cidade de São Paulo, que praticava a gestão de doenças crônicas. Os hipertensos foram orientados por um período de 17 meses, com contatos telefônicos mensalmente e duas visitas domiciliares nos meses 9 e 17. A pressão arterial, peso e altura foram referidos nos contatos telefônicos e aferidos nas visitas domiciliares. Foram avaliados também ingestão de bebida alcoólica, tabagismo e sedentarismo. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso foi avaliada pelo teste de Morisky Green. A avaliação foi realizada em cinco momentos (a cada três meses) e nas duas visitas domiciliares. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerado significantes. Resultados: A maioria do sexo feminino (62,5%), idade 73,4 (10,9) anos. Houve mudança significativa no comportamento das seguintes variáveis(p<0,05): Etilismo (10,2% vs 3,2%); Sedentarismo (96,8% vs 71,7%); Adesão avaliada por Morisky Green (25,1% vs 85,5%); Pressão Arterial Sistólica (128,8 (11,4) vs 125,1 (11,6) mmHg); Pressão Arterial Sistólica (78,9 (7,8) vs 77,2 (8,0) mmHg). O Controle da pressão arterial se associou ao tabagismo no momento 5 do acompanhamento (p=0,02), verificou-se menor controle entre os tabagistas ( 3,7% vs 11,9%). A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso avaliado pelo teste de Morisky Green se associou (p<0,05) a presença de insuficiência renal crônica, houve maior adesão na presença dessa comorbidade (20,6% vs 3,3%), ao uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (18,6% vs 3,3%) e uso de Bloqueadores dos Receptores de Angiotensina (53,0% vs 73,3%). A segunda pergunta do teste de Morisky Green Você é desatento, de vez em quando sobre tomar o seu remédio se associou (p<0,05) ao uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina ( 21,3% vs 12,0%). A terceira pergunta do instrumento \"Deixa de tomar a medicação caso sinta-se melhor?\" se associou ao histórico de infarto do miocárdio (8,2% vs 2,0%), uso de Bloqueadores do Receptor de Angiotensina(62,6% vs 51,1%), uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (21,7% vs 8,1%) e com os tabagistas no primeiro e no terceiro momento de participação no programa respectivamente (7,1% vs 1,6%) e (10,1 vs 3,3%). A quarta pergunta do teste de Morisky Green Deixa de tomar a medicação caso sinta-se pior?\" se associou com portadores de Insuficiência Renal Crônica (22,5 % vs 8,1%), o uso de Diuréticos (93,2% vs 6,8%), uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (20,6% vs 6,8%) e etilistas no segundo, terceiro e quarto momentos de participação no programa respectivamente (8,1 vs 1,9%), (8,1% vs 1,9%) e (8,1% vs 1,9%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de Bloqueadores do Receptor de Angiotensina e a ocorrência de internação hospitalar, houve maior número de internações entre aqueles em uso desta classe farmacológica (63,0% vs 48,7%). Conclusão: Os hipertensos monitorados pela enfermagem dentro do programa de doenças crônicas apresentaram ao longo do seguimento mudanças significativas na pressão arterial, nos hábitos de vida e aumento da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. / Introduction : Hypertension has a high prevalence , but the control of the hypertension is unsatisfactory , probably due to poor adherence to treatment . Thus , it is necessary to develop strategies to increase the control and treatment adherence and modify lifestyle . The main objective of this study was to characterize a group of hypertensive patients monitored by nurses within a program of chronic disease management . Methods: The study was conducted with 283 hypertensive patients in a private institution in the city of São Paulo , who practiced the management of chronic diseases . Hypertensive patients were instructed for a period of 17 months, with monthly telephone contacts and home visits in the months 9:17 . Blood pressure , height and weight were said to phone contacts and home visits measured . Alcohol consumption , smoking and physical inactivity were also evaluated . The adherence to therapy was assessed by the Morisky Green test . The evaluation was performed in five times ( every three months) and in home visits . P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Most women ( 62.5 % ) , age 73.4 ( 10.9) years. Was no significant change in the behavior of these variables ( p < 0.05 ) : Alcohol consumption ( 10.2 % vs 3.2% ) ; Sedentary lifestyle ( 96.8 % vs 71.7 % ) ; Adhesion evaluated by Morisky Green ( 25.1% vs. 85.5%) ; Systolic blood pressure ( 128.8 ( 11.4 ) vs 125.1 ( 11.6 ) mmHg ) ; Systolic blood pressure ( 78.9 ( 7.8 ) vs 77.2 ( 8.0 ) mmHg ) . Control of blood pressure was associated with smoking at the time of the 5 follow-up ( p = 0.02 ) , there was less control among smokers ( 3.7% vs. 11.9 % ) . Adherence to drug treatment assessed by the Morisky Green test was associated ( p < 0.05 ) the presence of chronic renal failure , there was greater adherence in the presence of this comorbidity ( 20.6 % vs 3.3% ) , the use of inhibitors Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( 18.6% vs 3.3% ) and use of Angiotensin Receptor blockers ( 53.0 % vs 73.3 % ) . The second question Morisky Green test \"You\'re inattentive, from time to time about taking your medicine\" was associated ( p < 0.05 ) at the use of inhibitors of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( 21.3 % vs 12.0 %). The third question of the instrument \" Stop taking the medication if you feel better? \" was associated with a history of myocardial infarction ( 8.2% vs 2.0% ) , use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ( 62.6 % vs 51.1 % ) , use of inhibitors of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( 21 , 7 % vs 8.1% ) and smokers in the first and third moment of participation in the program respectively ( 7.1% vs 1.6%) and ( 10.1 vs. 3.3% ) . The fourth question of the Morisky Green \" Stop taking the medication if feel worse? \" Test was associated with patients with chronic renal failure ( 22.5 % vs 8.1% ) , use of diuretics ( 93.2 % vs 6.8% ) , use of inhibitors of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( 20.6 % vs 6.8% ) and alcoholics in the second , third and fourth moments of participation in the program respectively ( 8.1 vs. 1.9 % ) ( 8.1% vs 1.9%) and ( 8.1% vs 1.9 % ) . a statistically significant association between the use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the occurrence of hospitalization , a greater number of hospitalizations among those using this drug class ( 63.0 % vs 48.7 % ) . Conclusion : Hypertensive monitored by nursing within the chronic disease program presented along the following significant changes in blood pressure , in lifestyle and increased adherence to medication.
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Dietary adjustments that consumers in the professional sector in the City of Cape Town are likely to make, in order to enhance their phytochemical intakeMager, Shelly Kim January 2014 (has links)
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014 / The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) is escalating in South
Africa (SA). Studies suggest that poor nutrition plays a major role in the aetiology of these
diseases. Phytochemicals present in plant foods, namely fruit, vegetables, whole grains and tea,
may prevent the onset of CDL. Most South African diets appear to be deficient of these plant
foods. Achieving enhanced phytochemical intake amongst South Africans may therefore have to
be supported in other ways. The objectives of this research were to determine whether
consumers in the professional sector in the City of Cape Town would be (i) likely to consume
proficient home-cooked category prepared dishes and (ii) purchase and consume commercially
manufactured category prepared dishes for enhanced phytochemical intake and, if so, (iii) which
dietary source adjustment category/categories and (iv) food vehicle category/categories they
would be likely to consume, and (v) who would be likely to consume them.
After obtaining ethical approval, a survey was conducted amongst 184 white collar workers (87%
response rate) representing the professional sector (professional, technician and associate
professional) occupational groups. The respondents were approached for voluntary participation
based on their occupation and age, representing adulthood to the elderly life stage as a risk
factor for the development of lifestyle diseases. A pilot-tested questionnaire was used to obtain
information regarding the respondents awareness of phytochemicals, whether or not they were
involved in the preparation of food at home, their degree of ‘likelihood’ to consume proficient
home-cooked and commercially manufactured category prepared dishes for enhanced
phytochemical intake, their current daily intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and tea, and
demographic, health and lifestyle information. The frequencies of the respondents’ consumption
of phytochemical-rich dietary sources pertaining to the stages of change model were assessed
using Pearson’s chi-squared analysis to determine significant associations/differences (p < 0.05)
between the data sets. The repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Bonferroni
correction was used to assess the ‘likeliness’ scale (from ‘extremely unlikely’ as ‘1’ to ‘extremely
likely’ as ‘5’) for the household and commercial dietary source adjustment and food vehicle
categories.
The respondents were mostly female (58.7%), 31 to 44 years of age (67.9%) and of White
ethnicity (72.3%). The majority (61.5%) had obtained grade 12 and a diploma (29.4%) or a
degree (32.1%). Almost half were married or living together with children (48.9%) and were
English (48.9%) or Afrikaans (47.3%) speaking. The majority of respondents were non-smokers
(69%), and approximately half (54.4%) consumed alcohol less than three times per week
(54.4%). About fifty percent used dietary supplements (50.5%) and exercised (59.2%) regularly.
A small percentage of the respondents were obese (7.6%), had diabetes mellitus (4.4%) or
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer (2.2% or four respondents each). Cancer was most
prevalent (36.4%) within the respondents’ family, followed by diabetes mellitus (29.9%), CVD
(26.6%) and obesity (7.6%). The majority (77.7%) were not aware of phytochemicals and about
half (55.4%) could not indicate the role these compounds play in the human diet. Half of the
respondents consumed the recommended two to four servings of fruit daily, very few (10.9%)
consumed the recommended three to five servings of vegetables daily, only about 10% (9.2% or
17 respondents) consumed the recommended three servings of whole grains daily, and about a
third (36.4%) consumed two to three cups of tea daily.
The respondents who considered phytochemicals to be very necessary to support health were
more likely to consume rooibos herbal tea added to category prepared dishes than those who
considered phytochemicals to be necessary to support health (p < 0.05) and those who did not
know the role phytochemicals played in the diet (p < 0.05). The likelihood to consume category
prepared dishes with added vegetables and added fruit respectively was lower (p < 0.05)
amongst those respondents who consumed none to one serving of vegetables daily than
amongst those who consumed two to four servings of vegetables daily. The respondents who
did not consume tea were less likely to consume category prepared dishes with added rooibos
herbal tea than those who consumed one cup (p < 0.05) or two to three cups (p < 0.001) daily.
Furthermore, the respondents who did not consume tea were also less likely to consume
category prepared dishes with added herbs than those who consumed one cup (p < 0.05), two to
three cups (p < 0.001) or four to six cups (p < 0.05) daily. The likelihood to consume category
prepared dishes with fruit additions was lower amongst those respondents who did not consume
tea than amongst those who consumed two to three cups (p < 0.05) or four to six cups (p < 0.05)
daily.
The respondents were more likely (p < 0.05) to consume herb, vegetable and fruit additions
respectively than rooibos herbal tea addition, and more likely to consume vegetable additions
than herb (p < 0.05) or fruit (p < 0.001) additions as dietary source adjustment options.
Furthermore, vegetable additions to category prepared dishes were more likely to be consumed
by the respondents than fruit additions (p < 0.001), and starch-based dishes more likely to be
consumed than vegetable-based dishes (p < 0.001) or fruit-based dishes (p < 0.05) for the
addition of rooibos herbal tea. The respondents were likely to consume the food vehicle
categories egg and chicken for added herbs in comparison to other starch (p < 0.05) and
vegetables (p < 0.001) respectively. Chicken was a likely option over pasta for added broccoli
(p < 0.05). Crêpe was a likely option over compote for added mixed berries (p < 0.001). Potato
was a likely option over vegetables (p < 0.05) as well as other starch over vegetables (p < 0.05)
for added herbs. Carrot salad with raisins was a likely option above carrot salad with raisins and
parsley (p < 0.05). Poached pear in red grape juice was a likely option over poached pear in
rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.001). Tomato (p < 0.001) and broccoli (p < 0.05) were more likely to be
consumed than spinach, while spinach (p < 0.05) and roasted butternut (p < 0.05) respectively
were likely options over onion as vegetables added to a quiche. Onion was a less likely option
over broccoli (p < 0.001), tomato (p < 0.001) and roasted butternut (p < 0.001) as respective
vegetables in a soup. Tomato soup was a likely option over tomato soup with rooibos herbal
tea (p < 0.001). Roasted butternut soup was a likely option over butternut and orange soup
(p < 0.001) and butternut and rosemary soup (p < 0.001). Berries as fruit addition were a likely
option over pome fruit as pear (p < 0.05) and citrus fruit (p < 0.001), and furthermore citrus fruit
over pome fruit as pear (p < 0.05). Raw apple with its skin on was a more likely option over
chicken breast salad with apple pieces (p < 0.001), and chicken breast salad with apple a
likely option over chicken and apple casserole (p < 0.001). Parsley was a likely option over
basil (p < 0.001), and mixed herbs (p < 0.001) and rosemary (p < 0.001) respectively were likely
options over basil as herb addition.
Commercially manufactured category prepared dishes likely to be purchased and consumed
by the respondents included category prepared dishes with added fibre more than added
herbs (p < 0.05), fruit (p < 0.001), vegetables (p < 0.001) or tea (p < 0.001), and added herbs than
added vegetables (p < 0.05) or tea (p < 0.05). Pizza/pasta was a likely option over beverages
(p < 0.05), grains/bake (p < 0.001) and dairy (p < 0.001) respectively, and baked goods than
grains/bake (p < 0.001), dairy (p < 0.001) and beverages (p < 0.05) respectively as food vehicles.
A baked dish with added fibre was more likely to be consumed than with added fruit (p < 0.001),
tea (p < 0.001) or vegetables (p < 0.001), and added fruit more likely to be consumed than added
vegetables (p < 0.05). Pasta incorporating vegetables was a more likely option than pasta
incorporating fruit (p < 0.001). Shortbread with added fruit was a likely option over added herbs
(p < 0.05), and a muffin with bran (p < 0.001) or blueberries (p < 0.001) a likely option over a
muffin with spinach. Fruit juice incorporating rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.001) or herbs (p < 0.001)
were likely options over fibre incorporation. The female respondents were more likely to consume
category prepared dishes with added fruit than the male respondents (p < 0.05), while the older
respondents (55 to 64 years) were more likely to consume category prepared dishes with added
herbs than the younger respondents (31 to 44 years) (p < 0.05). The older respondents were also
more likely to consume category prepared dishes with fruit additions than the younger
respondents aged 31 to 44 (p < 0.05) and 45 to 54 (p < 0.05) respectively. The respondents
involved in the preparation of food at home were more likely to consume category prepared
dishes with the addition of rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.05), herbs (p < 0.05) and fruit (p < 0.05)
respectively than those who were not involved in preparing food at home.
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Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Public Health ImplicationsAlamian, Arsham 20 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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The relationship between spirituality, health related quality of life and occupational balance among adults with chronic diseasesParker, Yasmeen January 2019 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / Background: One of the most significant current discussions in public health and
occupational therapy is the challenges facing adults with chronic diseases. Adults living with
chronic diseases experience challenges of activity limitations and occupational disruptions
which may influence their health, quality of life and well-being. Chronic diseases seem to
have implications for adults’ areas of occupation, client factors and performance patterns as
well as performance skills. Spirituality is considered as important in the lives of adults living
with chronic diseases as a coping strategy assisting them to deal with the challenges of life in
relation to physical, social, emotional and functional well-being. Despite the importance of
spirituality in adults with chronic diseases, there is little known about the relationship
between spirituality, health-related quality of life and occupational balance among adults with
chronic diseases in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between spirituality, healthrelated
quality of life and occupational balance from the perspectives of adults living with
chronic diseases.
Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed methods two phase design approach was used for
the purpose of the study. Thus, to examine the perspectives and determine the relationship on
spirituality, health related quality of life and occupational balance of adults living with
chronic diseases. Furthermore, to explore and describe the perceptions of adults with chronic
diseases regarding the relationship between spirituality, health related quality of life and
occupational balance.
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