The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between the theory of planned behavior (TBP) and adherence to a multidisciplinary pain center (MPC) treatment program for chronic pain. While the results of several studies have provided support for the efficacy of MPC treatment in chronic pain, the problems of adherence and attrition are important. TPB is a cognitive/social model of behavior that has been used to predict a variety of behaviors, although it has never been used to predict adherence to a multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment program. It was predicted that Adherence would be predicted by Intentions and that Intentions would be predicted by 1) Perceived Social Norms, 2) Perceived Behavioral Control, 3) Attitudes Toward New Behavior (completing the treatment program), and 4) Attitude Toward Current Behavior (maintaining current treatment and coping strategies). It was found that the total Intentions scores did not predict the total Adherence scores. However, Intentions was predicted by 1) Perceived Behavioral Control, 2) Attitudes Toward New Behavior (completing the treatment program), and 3) Attitude Toward Current Behavior (maintaining current treatment and coping strategies). The finding that Perceived Social Norms did not predict Intentions was consistent with results of previous studies with the TBP. The secondary objective was to examine the extent to which MPC treatment affects patients' attitudes towards behaviors that are associated with successful pain management. The majority of the patients (82%) developed a more favorable attitude toward the program and their average report of the importance of the program was 6.78 on a 10-point scale. The majority of patients (74%) reported experiencing a greater decrease in pain than expected, and the average amount of pain decrease was 5.39 on a 10-point scale.

Background: Chronic pain conditions are pervasive, debilitating, and costly problems across the globe, yet medical treatments often fail to relieve the patients of pain. As a result, complementary treatments, such as yoga, are often used in an attempt to reduce pain and disability. Yoga seems to be effective in short-term relief of pain and, in some cases, helps alleviate psychological comorbidities associated with pain, such as depression and anxiety. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of an eight-week Forrest Yoga intervention on pain interference, pain severity, and psychological outcomes. Methods: Seventy-nine participants were randomly assigned to yoga or usual care and completed a battery of self-report assessments at baseline, mid-intervention (4-weeks), post-intervention (8-weeks), and follow-up (16-weeks). Measures of pain interference, pain severity, number of painful body parts, sensory and affective experience of pain, psychological flexibility, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, depression and anxiety, and social support were included. Results: There were significant reductions in pain interference and activity avoidance in the yoga group compared to usual care post-intervention. Differences trended towards significance for pain severity and number of painful body parts. Compared to usual care, yoga participants showed significant early reductions in pain interference, pain severity, number of painful body parts, affective experience of pain, depression, overall fear of movement, and activity avoidance. Compared to usual care, these changes were not maintained at 16-weeks (2 months following the intervention). Conclusions: The yoga intervention provided some relief of pain and pain-related problems while the intervention was ongoing but did not provide sustained relief.

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the location of the initial onset of back pain as revealed by the subject's pain drawing and the site of maximum muscle tension at rest, while jaw-clenching and during a cold stressor, in men and women. Subjects were 30 males and 30 females divided into three groups of 10 males and 10 females each and designated according to back pain history as no back pain (NBP), upper back pain onset (UBP) and lower back pain onset (LBP). Six bipolar, bilateral electromyographic (EMG) recording sites were instrumented on each subject. EMG levels were recorded from the forehead, forearm, upper back, lower back, thighs and ankles under conditions of rest, jaw-clenching and a cold stressor. Seven hypotheses predicted that EMG levels would distinguish groups and gender of the subjects and that interactions would exist between site of pain onset and EMG elevations.

The effects of a computer program (Health Imagery Technology Systems, HITS) designed to promote attitude and cognitive changes through elicitation of evoked response potentials were evaluated with chronic pain patients. A treatment and control group were used for comparison (52 patients, 22 females, 32 males, mean ages 47). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests, a Semantic Differential scale, the Health Attribution Test, an imagery protocol, the McCoy-Lawlis Pain Drawing, and the Zung Depression scale were used at admission and discharge to measure change. A pre- post-mood thermometer was used with the treatment group. The hypotheses that the treatment group would show significant changes on these measures were tested with a two group repeated measures analysis of variance design. No significant changes were noted for either group on the intellectual measures, on health attitudes, or reports of pain. The similarities subscale showed significant within group variance (F = 5.46, p < .023). One bipolar adjective pair indicated significant differences (F = 4.79, p < .035), possibly a result of chance. One of seven imagery measures suggested a significant improvement in strength of imagery for the treatment group (F = 18.2, p < .00008). Both groups showed significantly improved imagery of body defenses (F = 4.58, £ < .037) and significantly reduced depression scores (F = 15.93, p < .000021). A mood thermometer was measured for the treatment group alone and five situational mood changes were significant in predicted directions. Post hoc discriminant analysis showed significant differences only on one adjective pair (F = 9.75, p < .0029). No combination of variables added to the prediction of group membership. Overall, the effects of the HITS program did not seem strong enough to indicate its value as a treatment modality in chronic pain populations beyond current treatment. It did indicate some significant situational mood effects in positive directions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第22836号 / 人健博第78号 / 新制||人健||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 高桑 徹也, 教授 木下 彩栄, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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BACKGROUND: Health issues facing university students have been an area of increasing concern, with the frequency of anxiety and depression-related disorders rising significantly over the past few years. One characteristic that has been given increasing attention is perfectionism and its contribution to compromised mental functioning. Student health has generally been found to be poor compared to their working counterparts; however, the prevalence and influence of pain among university students still remains misunderstood. This study aims to investigate the co-occurrence of pain and mental health problems, specifically the role of perfectionism, in young adults, aged 18-26, attending college or university within the United States. METHODS: 105 University students from across the United States were recruited to participate in an online survey. Frequency of pain complaints, prevalence of common body areas of pain, and intensity of pain were assessed. Pain behavior, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy were assessed by validated PROMIS measures. Trait dimensions of perfectionism were assessed and analyzed in relation to the other characteristics being evaluated. Group differences between pain groups (no pain vs. pain present; both chronic and non-chronic pain) were assessed using independent samples t-tests. Significant associations between measured variables were determined using bivariate correlations. RESULTS: More than half of the sample displayed clinical levels of anxiety. 76% of the sample reported feeling pain in at least one area of their body, with 72% of the pain group experiencing chronic pain. The pain group had greater anxiety, depression, and pain interference when compared to the pain-free group. From the trait dimensions of perfectionism, Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism were positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and pain interference. Only 6% of the sample reported being registered with any school support services. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated a high prevalence of pain, anxiety, and perfectionism traits in university students, while bringing their low engagement with support resources into recognition. Results suggest the need to provide additional comprehensive resources and support for university students, especially those coping with pain issues. Further research should examine the relationship between pain, perfectionism, and mental health in order to implement appropriate interventions for this vulnerable population. / 2022-06-04T00:00:00Z

No description available.

Chronic pain is common and frequently interferes with people’s regular functioning and reduces quality of life. Though pharmacological approaches are used most frequently to treat pain-related issues, the side effects of these medications often lead to other problems. Group therapy has been used and studied for decades in treating pain though it’s general efficacy for addressing pain is not clear. Objectives: to determine group therapy’s efficacy for patients with pain-related issues and whether the effects are moderated by study, patient, leader, or group characteristics. Method: potential articles were selected from searches completed in major databases based on a set of inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted, and potential moderators were analyzed. Results: we analyzed 57 studies representing 8,933 patients receiving group therapy for pain which produced a significant, small effect (g = 0.28) for reducing pain intensity. Various secondary outcomes such as pain frequency, interference with activities of daily living, physical functioning, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were also found to improve significantly. Four significant moderating variables were found to include pain measure used, gender composition, number of sessions, and presence of pain diagnosis. Discussion: results are discussed and compared to those of past meta-analyses regarding both chronic pain and group therapy. Implications for practice and research are provided.

Background: Chronic pain is considered to be a major health issue globally, whereof Italy is one of the highest ranked countries regarding chronic pain prevalence in Europe. Chronic pain has a negative impact on quality of life and functions on a biological, social, and psychological level, which concerns all health professionals. For this reason, health care providers have an important role working with these patients. Aim: This study aims to explore and bring knowledge about Italian physical therapists’ experiences of working with patients with chronic pain. Design: A qualitative method with an exploratory and descriptive design, based on semi structured interviews was used for the purpose of understanding the physical therapists’ experiences of working with patients with chronic pain. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by a qualitative content analysis and had an inductive approach. Results: The analysis generated five categories: The importance of trust and relations, Professional challenges and positive potentials, Physical therapists’ reflection on their own contribution, Physical therapists’ and patients’ different viewpoints and The view on the profession.   Conclusion: This study revealed that Italian physical therapists regard themselves to play a crucial part in the work with patients with chronic pain. It emphasizes the essential parts of the work of gaining the patient’s trust and forming an alliance. Despite the physical therapists’ contribution to these patients, there exist factors that frequently prevent the rehabilitation from being successful. The results could be of value for future physical therapists working with chronic pain. Keywords: Physical therapy, experience, chronic pain, Italy / Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta beräknas vara ett stort globalt hälsoproblem och Italien är ett av de länder i Europa med högst prevalens. Långvarig smärta har en negativ inverkan på livskvalitet och biologiska, sociala samt psykologiska funktioner. Detta berör alla vårdgivare, som har en betydelsefull roll i att upprätthålla och förbättra funktionen samt livskvaliteten hos dessa patienter. Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att utforska och tillföra kunskap om italienska fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med patienter med långvarig smärta. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med explorativ och deskriptiv design, baserad på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer användes i syfte att få djupare förståelse för fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med patienter med långvarig smärta. Vidare, analyserades data med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Resultatsammanfattning: Dataanalysen genererade i fem kategorier: The importance of trust and relations, Professional challenges and positive potentials, Physical therapists’ reflection on their own contribution, Physical therapists’ and patients’ different viewpoints och The view on the profession.   Slutsats: Denna studie påvisar att fysioterapeuter i Italien anser sig har en betydelsefull roll för patienter med långvarig smärta. Trots många utmaningar upplevde fysioterapeuterna deras insats som väsentlig för att förbättra patienternas vy på livet och deras livskvalitet. Studien ger insikt i vilka erfarenheter och upplevelser fysioterapeuterna har i arbetet med patientgruppen. Resultatet belyser svårigheter och möjligheter med att arbeta med dessa patienter, vilket kan vara värdefullt för hur fysioterapeuter arbetar med långvarig smärta i framtiden. Nyckelord: Physical therapy, experience, chronic pain, Italy