Society has become increasingly segregated by age which lessens the opportunities for communication between generations. Before the Internet, children and adolescents typically learned through traditional means - their parents, school teachers, and life experiences. Adults believed they were capable of recognizing and addressing the needs of children and adolescents. (Strom & Strom, 2012) Now, the global media is widely accessed by people of all ages which gives it the ability to influence a large population in different ways. This has led to children and adolescents being more heavily influenced and educated by the media than other traditional sources. Adolescents, in particular, are more reliant on each other for conversation, feedback, and advice. (Kovarik, 2011) Retirees, on average, are more active now than they were 20 years ago and 54% of seniors (age 60+) are considering working after retirement age (typically 65) which is up from 45% in a 2014 poll. Of the seniors polled, 81% say they will work part-time while 19% say they will work full-time.

This thesis explores the gentrification process in Church Hill, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Richmond, Virginia. After World War II, Richmond residents knew Church Hill mostly for its crime rate and dilapidated housing. The white, middle-class flight to the suburbs left the remaining residents, mostly African American, to experience decades of disinvestment. Church Hill was considered a neighborhood to avoid for much of the late twentieth century. Yet, Church Hill is currently one of the most desired neighborhoods in Richmond, particularly for young professionals. This thesis seeks to explain the reasons why there has been such a dramatic change in the perception of Church Hill and whether revitalization can occur without causing gentrification. Chapter 1 explores the top-down efforts of the Historic Richmond Foundation, a non-profit organization, and the Model Neighborhood Program, a federal program. Chapter 2 explores revitalization efforts by various non-profits organizations as each tried to work with community members. Chapter 3 explores the reasons why young professionals are moving into Church Hill and the impact of gentrification on the neighborhood.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA030.pdf: 2611758 bytes, checksum: c135b4b4145fc544ed99718122e62493 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Currently the Protected Natural Areas (NPA) tourist itineraries are very popular in Brazil and worldwide, however reconcile nature conservation and protection of historical and cultural heritage to their management, is not an easy task. More in National Parks, Protected Areas category always linked to major visitation. This project was carried out monitoring of visitation, one of the most beautiful scenery in the state of Santa Catarina -Brazil, Church Hill, which overlooks the Holed Stone, geological monument, inserted in the São Joaquim National Park, established by Decree 50.922 of July, 06/1961. Natural Protected Area (NPA) in the year 2013 was the fourth most visited country. Leveraging the installation of a physical ordinance on the access road to the Church Hill, observed traffic flow of visitors on the highway and after analysis of more than five thousand hours of effective monitoring, we found your profile, highlighting: number of visitors, time of visit, place of origin and used vehicle. In addition to assessing the physical aspects of the path and the parking spot, we estimated the tourism carrying capacity and the attractive alternatives to qualify this visitation. Among the actions effected include: signaling, identification of the visitor and the audioguide. All activities were followed, most with direct observation and through other interviews, and realized the reduction of congestion in the area, visitor awareness as to the location that is knowing and increased visitation time. Finding solutions to the demands of the population, the scientific community and the tourist market, combining them with the lowest possible impact on local visitation and surroundings, is a challenge for environmental management of any Protected Natural Area / Atualmente as Áreas Protegidas Naturais (APN) são roteiros turísticos muito procurados no Brasil e no mundo inteiro, porém conciliar a preservação da natureza e da proteção do patrimônio histórico-cultural para a gestão das mesmas, não é uma tarefa fácil. Ainda mais em Parques Nacionais, categoria de Unidades de Conservação sempre vinculadas a grande visitação. Neste trabalho realizou-se o monitoramento da visitação, num dos cenários mais belos do estado de Santa Catarina-Brasil, o Morro da Igreja, de onde se avista a Pedra Furada, monumento geológico, inserido no Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, criado pelo Decreto 50.922 de 06 de julho de 1961. Área Protegida Natural (APN) que no ano de 2013 foi a quarta mais visitada do país. Aproveitando a instalação de uma portaria física na estrada de acesso ao Morro da Igreja, observou-se o fluxo de veículos de visitantes na rodovia e após a análise de mais de cinco mil horas efetivas de monitoramento, constatou-se o perfil dos visitantes, destacando-se: quantidade dos mesmos, tempo de visitação, local de origem e veículo usado. Somado à avaliação dos aspectos físicos do trajeto e do local de estacionamento, estimou-se a capacidade de carga turística do atrativo e as alternativas para qualificar esta visitação. Entre as ações efetivadas destacam-se: a sinalização, a identificação do visitante e o áudio guia. Todas as atividades foram acompanhadas, a maior parte com observação direta e outras por meio de entrevistas, e percebeu-se a diminuição dos congestionamentos na área, a conscientização do visitante quanto ao local que está conhecendo e o aumento do tempo de visitação. Encontrar soluções às demandas da população, da comunidade científica e do mercado turístico, conciliando-as como menor impacto possível nos locais de visitação e entorno, é um desafio para a gestão ambiental de qualquer Área Natural Protegida