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Since the drafting of the Establishment Clause, a pronouncement contained within the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. The United States Supreme Court has debated how to interpret the meaning of, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), the Court took its first action in an Establishment Clause case concerning funding for parochial school students that set a course that has been marked by confusion in the Court, inconsistent decision-making, and ultimately the creation of a policy of accommodation that provides opportunities for parochial school students to receive public financial assistance, including tuition reimbursement for their attendance at parochial schools. This study tracks the history of Establishment Clause jurisprudence with a research emphasis from Everson v. Board of Education (1947) to Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) and illustrates how the philosophy of the United States Supreme Court has changed over time. Further context of the shift is provided with a discussion of the Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) decision that served as an effective court-interpreted barrier to the use of public resources and funds for parochial schools for several years. Subsequent U.S. Supreme Court decisions have eroded gradually the barrier, coined the Wall of Separation between Church and State by Thomas Jefferson, culminating currently with Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002). The purpose of the study is to analyze the aforementioned shift in the context of public funding flowing for private church schools. It became clear through this study that the decision in Everson v. Board of Education was the decision which led to a history of conflict and confusion in the Court which set off a chain of events that ultimately led to public funding for parochial schools where allowable by State Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court has determined that public funding for a sectarian school is allowable so long as the funding is neutral and at the personal discretion of the parents receiving it as opposed to directly supporting a sectarian school. / Ed. D.

Calvinism and Pragmatism may not seem to present similar religious significance for politics. However, Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920) and John Dewey (1859-1952), share a similar appreciation for the scope and depth of religiosity in public life. Although Kuyper was a Christian and Dewey did not consider himself a theist, each understands religious experience as informing every sphere of existence. According to their thought, a distinction exists between a religion and the religious. Both men may be termed "political poets," because they used language as an expression of their esthetic imaginations to create concepts and objects within society as expressions of their religious values. Kuyper's work in the Netherlands is a useful case study for Dewey's valuation of art. Kuyper wrote political philosophy and theology, founded the first widely distributed national newspaper, wrote for this publication over fifty years, founded what would be the largest university in the country, and eventually became Prime Minister of the Netherlands. Throughout his life, he used rhetoric to create change in his society. Dewey and Kuyper integrated academic work with public activity and sought to obtain consistency of being in experiences. If religiosity potentially encompasses every part of humanity's common life, then individuals and groups should be aware of their own positions and participate in honest dialogue with others. "Neutrality," "objectivity," and "uniformity" often have problematic implications according to Dewey and Kuyper. Their thought in this area is salient to a discussion of education culture in the United States. The Common School and High-Stakes Testing models are useful for grounding Kuyper's and Dewey's philosophy in current educational and schooling experiences. / Master of Arts

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 J69 / Master of Arts

龐錫滔. / "2000年7月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 112-122) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 7 yue" / Pang Xitao. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 112-122) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 一. --- 導言 / Chapter I. --- 改革開放以來基督教的發展 --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- 中國公民社會的研究 --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- 基督教會的社會團體身份 --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- 研究方法 --- p.9 / Chapter 二. --- 公民社會的含意 / Chapter I. --- 公民社會的古典意義 --- p.11 / Chapter II. --- 公民社會的近代意義 --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- 當代公民社會的意義 --- p.14 / Chapter IV. --- 公民社會的元素 --- p.16 / Chapter V. --- 基督教與公民社會 --- p.18 / Chapter 三. --- 中國的國家與社會關係 / Chapter I. --- 極權主義(Totalitarianism)模式 --- p.21 / Chapter II. --- 改革開放前的國家與社會關係 --- p.23 / Chapter III. --- 改革開放後的國家與社會關係 --- p.29 / Chapter 四. --- 改革開放前的國家與教會關係 / Chapter I. --- 中國的宗教政策 --- p.39 / Chapter II. --- 國家與教會關係 --- p.43 / Chapter 五. --- 改革開放後的宗教政策與監管部門 / Chapter I. --- 宗教政策 --- p.55 / Chapter II. --- 監督及管理宗教的部門 --- p.64 / Chapter 六. --- 國家與三自教會的關係 / Chapter I. --- 中國基督教三自愛國運動委員會與中國基督教協會 --- p.68 / Chapter II. --- 三自組織面對新政治形勢的回應 --- p.69 / Chapter 1. --- 為過去「三自」運動辯護 --- p.70 / Chapter 2. --- 成立中國基督教協會 --- p.72 / Chapter 3. --- 取消三自愛國運動委員會的考慮 --- p.74 / Chapter 4. --- 增強代表教會的角色 --- p.76 / Chapter III. --- 三自組織的限制 --- p.80 / Chapter IV. --- 政府對三自教會的控制及打壓 --- p.82 / Chapter 七. --- 國家與自主性信徒群體的關係 / Chapter I. --- 家庭聚會點在中國的發展 --- p.88 / Chapter II. --- 自主性信徒群體的組織 --- p.89 / Chapter III. --- 對政府的立場 --- p.90 / Chapter IV. --- 與三自教會的關係 --- p.91 / Chapter V. --- 國家對自主性信徒群體的打壓 --- p.95 / Chapter VI. --- 個案研究 --- p.97 / Chapter 八. --- 總結 / Chapter I. --- 在爭取自主的道路前進 --- p.105 / Chapter II. --- 國家對「三自」組織的統合 --- p.108 / Chapter III. --- 建構公民社會的道路 --- p.110

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Divinity School, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Bibliographic references (p. 269-282)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1975. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 346-356) and index.

Habilitationsschrift--Munich. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [xi]-xxiii) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Köln. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 306-313).