La gestió del coneixement és una disciplina que s'inicia a la dècada dels anys 90 i que s’està desenvolupant de manera vertiginosa. Més que una moda o objecte d'exercici intel • lectual és una àrea de recerca i aplicació que està vigent i que probablement arribarà al seu estat de maduresa durant la present dècada. Aquest treball és una revisió de l'estat de l'art de la Gestió del Coneixement (GC) i la seva aplicació en empreses xilenes. La primera part presenta als actuals investigadors, treballs i línies de recerca en la matèria. Tot i que la selecció no inclou tots els investigadors i consultors, sí recull alguns dels més citats així com les seves publicacions i els autors més destacats dels últims anys. A l’annex 7.5 de la tesi hi ha una detallada relació de treballs i línies de recerca. Aquest treball busca determinar i analitzar l'ús de les estratègies organitzacionals i tecnològiques per implementar programes de gestió del coneixement en empreses Xilenes. Està organitzat en cinc capítols principals. Les conclusions fonamentals no són encoratjadores respecte de l'ús d'aquestes pràctiques en empreses xilenes, i molt menys en empreses de menor grandària, a Xile i el món la mida de les organitzacions guarda relació directa amb l'ús de les pràctiques, i la indústria més avançada a Xile és la indústria de la mineria, que és l'única que es compara de manera equivalent a indústries alemanyes o canadencs respecte del nivell d'adopció de la GC. El baix nivell d'Innovació determinat a Xile correlaciona de manera directa amb l'ús de pràctiques de GC, hi ha grans reptes per a millora dels índexs d'ús de GC, innovació de països en vies de desenvolupament com Xile, Mèxic, Turquia i Polònia, suggeriments sobre els propers passos es plantegen en les conclusions / La gestión del conocimiento es una nueva disciplina que se inicia en la década de los 90s y que está desarrollándose de manera vertiginosa, más que una moda u objeto de ejercicio intelectual es un área de investigación y aplicación que está vigente y que probablemente llegará a su estado de madurez durante la presente década. Este trabajo es una revisión del estado del arte de la Gestión del Conocimiento (GC) y su aplicación en empresas chilenas, en la primera parte presenta a los actuales investigadores, trabajos y líneas de investigación en la materia, si bien la selección no considera a todos los investigadores y consultores, considerada algunos de los más citados, sus publicaciones y los autores más destacados de los últimos años, se complementa con una detallada lista de trabajos y líneas de investigación en el anexo 7.5 de la tesis. Este trabajo busca determinar y analizar el uso de las estrategias organizacionales y tecnológicas para implementar programas de gestión del conocimiento en empresas Chilenas. Esta organizado en cinco capítulos principales. Las conclusiones fundamentales no son alentadoras respecto del uso de estas prácticas en empresas chilenas, y mucho menos en empresas de menor tamaño, en Chile y el mundo el tamaño de las organizaciones guarda directa relación con el uso de las practicas, y la industria más avanzada en Chile es la industria de la minería, que es la única que se compara de manera equivalente a industrias alemanas o canadienses respecto del nivel de adopción de la GC. El bajo nivel de Innovación determinado en Chile correlaciona de manera directa con el uso de prácticas de GC, existen grandes desafíos para mejora de los índices de uso de GC, innovación de países en vías de desarrollo como Chile, México, Turquía y Polonia, sugerencias sobre los próximos pasos se plantean en las conclusiones. / In 1986 he published Kunskapsföretaget (Sveiby 1986), some consider this the beginning of Knowledge Management (KM), in 1991, Thomas A. Steward appeared in Fortune magazine to its readers the concept of Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital. His several articles about the terms caused Intellectual Capital and Knowledge corporate terms were popular at the time. Then Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi proposed a theory of corporate knowledge creation in his famous 1995 book "The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation (The knowledge creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of Innovation), being one of the most cited books in the knowledge management literature. Several authors consider these researchers and parents of the GC. These basic principles have informed the creation of a new discipline called Knowledge Management. Governments and businesses around the world have been using these new practices during the last two decades. This work is related to the concept, research and use of KM in Chile and the new technologies that support this application. What is knowledge management applied to the company?, What is the status of e-learning in Chile, how we can contribute to build the intangible value of knowledge in organizations?, What are the KM technologies used today? , what is the level of actual use of knowledge management practices (KM) ? and how it compares this actual level of use with that of other countries?, these are simple questions without clear answers, this has been the main objective of this research, help clarify and understand the theory and implementation mechanisms of knowledge management strategies in Chilean companies, find out which are the most used technologies and what are the main difficulties in the implementation of KM programs in Chilean companies. Knowledge Management has been established as a discipline since 1995, currently there are a wide range of university courses, publications, consultants and some collaborative technologies dedicated to the study, promotion and use of KM. Many companies have dedicated resources to this emerging discipline that tries to focus on general knowledge as a corporate asset in the development and strengthening of the channels through which knowledge and information flow across organizations, in the use of collaborative technologies and how this flow of information helps to make better decisions, and how improve innovation and make the corporate knowledge an important asset of the company. The key variables in KM programs are people, processes, technology support and intellectual capital, how to exploit these intangible assets is not easy, during years the companies have focused on intangible values, such as your brand, your prestige, organizational culture, its customers, its processes, its strategy, its senior management, flexibility, competitiveness among others, all paths resulting in practices and associated technologies that seek to maximize the potential of each of these assets, however, knowledge management has been left behind especially in countries with lower levels of development as Chile. Technology has been a catalyst for improvements and enabled quantum leaps on all these practices, at the end of the day, after two hundred years of industrialization, we are searching for techniques that allow us to make organizations and companies more productive and successful. But how we manage business knowledge ?, how to solve the training of staff in massive industries with high turnover ?, which variables and techniques allow us to incorporate new organizational tools?, how to integrate new technology tools to the existing culture of the organization ? are some ssues with still an early stage of analysis and discussion. This paper seeks to identify and analyze the use of organizational and technological strategies to implement knowledge management programs in Chilean companies.

With this work, our aim is to analyze how and why the different approaches to model and measure the Information Society have determined what is meant by the concept of access to Information and Communication Technologies and digital development. And, based on this first analysis, work on and propose a 360º digital framework that can serve policy-making while, at the same time, be able to state whether and why governments should seek to foster the development of the Information Society.Thus, the goal of this research is to identify the relevant factors that promote digital development, to define and describe - on that basis - its different stages and to explain the causes why a particular country might therefore be classified as a digital leader or a laggard and, lastly, answer whether and why governments should foster the Information Society.To address this goal we have split our research into three main areas:<br/ Clarification of concepts and their importance;Analyzing the available tools for measuring the digital economy; andDefining the stages of digital development, their characteristics and their causes; in particular, isolating the role of the public sector.In the first area of research we cover the impact of ICTs, the concepts of access and the digital divide and the need to foster digital development. Our research questions in this area are:What is "access"? What are its components?What are the main approaches to defining access and why?Is there any evidence that access to ICTs has had a positive or negative impact on the general socio-economic development of a country?Why may there be a lack of access in a particular country or region, or to use a more familiar term, a "digital divide"?Is it worthwhile for governments to attempt to foster digital development to accelerate the positive impacts of access to ICTs?The second research theme explores, broadly and in depth, the ways in which access, digital development and the digital divide have been measured over the years, in particular through the use of composite indices. The related research questions are as follows:What are the main models that depict digital development? What are the approaches that these models follow to describe digital development? What are the consequences of the different approaches followed in defining digital development models?The third and final research theme focuses on the different stages, or phases, of digital development, their main characteristics and the reasons why digital development at the country level might be unevenly distributed. Can we group countries according to their different levels of digital development and thus define a comprehensive model for measuring it?What are the characteristics that enable us to cluster together countries according to their specific level of digital development?What are the characteristics that distinguish between different levels of digital development? Why some countries are more digitally developed than others?The findings and reflections arising from these research questions should enable us to test the general hypothesis that guides our research. We believe that narrow institutional interests and a lack of appropriate data have led to a biased or fragmented measurement of digital development that is often focused on specific purposes. But if digital development is conceived as a continuum and described by means of a comprehensive model, then, at the country level, it can be observed that digital development happens in stages. These stages can be characterized by common features and distinguished by the scores achieved on certain key indicators. The improvement of its general economic indicators - such as income and wealth - characterizes the progression of a country along this continuum depends mainly on. Besides these basic economic aspects, if there is an appropriate Economic Incentive Regime, strong Government prioritization of ICT and a high importance afforded to ICTs in the Government's vision of the future, then digital development is much more likely to happen. In some cases, these policies may allow leapfrogging so that a country can progress faster in its digital development than would be predicted by its general level of economic development.

L'externalització de Sistemes, Serveis i Tecnologies de la Informació (SSTI) és una pràctica habitual al sector privat que ja ha estat àmpliament estudiada a la literatura científica. En canvi, al context del sector públic, aquests processos d'externalització no han estat encara prou ben recollits, malgrat la importància del sector quant a volum econòmic que generen les seves necessitats de SSTI. El treball que presentem fa una aportació a aquesta encara molt reduïda recerca al voltant de l'externalització de SSTI al sector públic, a partir de l'estudi d'un cas innovador: el de l'Acord marc d'homologació de serveis TIC de la Generalitat de Catalunya (AMH). L'AMH és un mecanisme per a la prequalificació o homologació dels proveïdors que hauran de fer l'aprovisionament d'una part central i diversa dels SSTI dels diferents departaments i ens de la Generalitat. Es va gestar durant el 2003 i la vigència de la seva tercera edició arriba fins a l'inici de 2013. / La externalización de Sistemas, Servicios y Tecnologías de la Información (SSTI) es una práctica habitual en el sector privado que ya ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la literatura científica. En cambio, el contexto del sector público, estos procesos de externalización no han sido todavía suficientemente bien recogidos, a pesar de la importancia del sector en cuanto a volumen económico que generan sus necesidades de SSTI. El trabajo que presentamos hace una aportación a esta todavía muy reducida investigación en torno a la externalización de SSTI al sector público, a partir del estudio de un caso innovador: el del Acuerdo marco de homologación de servicios TIC de la Generalidad de Cataluña (AMH). El AMH es un mecanismo para la precalificación o homologación de los proveedores que deberán hacer el aprovisionamiento de una parte central y diversa de los SSTI los diferentes departamentos y entes de la Generalidad. Se gestó durante 2003 y la vigencia de su tercera edición llega hasta el inicio de 2013. / Outsourcing of Information Systems, Services and Technology (ISST) is a common practice in the private sector that has been widely studied in the literature. However, in the context of the public sector, ISST outsourcing has not yet received sufficient attention, despite the importance of the sector in terms of economic volume generated and ISST needs. The present thesis makes a contribution to the still scarce research about ISST outsourcing in the public sector, by showing the research results arisen during the in-depth study of an innovative case: the so-called Pre-qualification Agreement for ICT services (AMH) led by the Government of Catalunya. The AMH is a mechanism for pre-qualification or certification of provider companies responsible for provisioning a central part of the ISST needed by the various departments and agencies of the Catalan Government. It was firstly conceived in 2003 and, after three different versions, the validity of its third edition reaches the beginning of 2013.