This study firstly explored whether individuals can identify character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) depicted by characters in positive psychology movies. Furthermore, the study investigated whether their existing character strengths and well-being are augmented or developed through viewing these films. A mixed method design exploratory qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was followed where quantitative data were obtained with a two-group pre- and post-testing design with a retention test. Participants were assigned to an experimental (n=15, mean age= 28.67, SD age = 8.79) and control group (n=15, mean age = 25.67, SD age = 9.28). A self-developed strength questionnaire and five standardized scales, namely Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) (Keyes, 2006); the General Psychological Well-being Scale (GPWS) (Khumalo, Temane, & Wissing, 2010); the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, 2008); Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE) (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor, & Folkman, 2006) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002), were administered to measure psychological well-being. Qualitative data were obtained through focus groups and questionnaires that were completed after the viewing of each film. Qualitative results suggest that participants were able to identify 22 of the 24 character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) as depicted by characters in the movies. Furthermore, participants were able to relate to the characters and report how they use the depicted strengths in their own lives. ANCOVA‘s revealed a medium increase (Cohen‘s d- value = 0.47 - 0.74) in the strengths: open-mindedness, zest, kindness, leadership and modesty immediately after the intervention and a large increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.9) in humour immediately and a month after the intervention. A medium to large (Cohen‘s d = 0.45 - 0.87) decrease was found on the strengths perspective and forgiveness immediately after the intervention, and in authenticity, love; appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude and hope a month after the intervention. Social intelligence showed a decrease (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.46; 0.51) immediately and a month after the intervention. A medium increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53 - 0.56) in general well-being and emotional well-being was found a month after intervention, while general coping efficacy and coping via support from friends and family showed this increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53; 0.56) immediately after the intervention in the experimental group. A contradictory finding was, that social well-being showed a medium (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.72) decrease immediately after the intervention. Suggestions for further research include establishing preferable movies before intervention, the use of a standardized strength scale and another experimental group, with the absence of focus groups, so as to determine a more accurate effect of films / Thesis (MA (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This study firstly explored whether individuals can identify character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) depicted by characters in positive psychology movies. Furthermore, the study investigated whether their existing character strengths and well-being are augmented or developed through viewing these films. A mixed method design exploratory qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was followed where quantitative data were obtained with a two-group pre- and post-testing design with a retention test. Participants were assigned to an experimental (n=15, mean age= 28.67, SD age = 8.79) and control group (n=15, mean age = 25.67, SD age = 9.28). A self-developed strength questionnaire and five standardized scales, namely Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) (Keyes, 2006); the General Psychological Well-being Scale (GPWS) (Khumalo, Temane, & Wissing, 2010); the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, 2008); Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE) (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor, & Folkman, 2006) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002), were administered to measure psychological well-being. Qualitative data were obtained through focus groups and questionnaires that were completed after the viewing of each film. Qualitative results suggest that participants were able to identify 22 of the 24 character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) as depicted by characters in the movies. Furthermore, participants were able to relate to the characters and report how they use the depicted strengths in their own lives. ANCOVA‘s revealed a medium increase (Cohen‘s d- value = 0.47 - 0.74) in the strengths: open-mindedness, zest, kindness, leadership and modesty immediately after the intervention and a large increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.9) in humour immediately and a month after the intervention. A medium to large (Cohen‘s d = 0.45 - 0.87) decrease was found on the strengths perspective and forgiveness immediately after the intervention, and in authenticity, love; appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude and hope a month after the intervention. Social intelligence showed a decrease (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.46; 0.51) immediately and a month after the intervention. A medium increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53 - 0.56) in general well-being and emotional well-being was found a month after intervention, while general coping efficacy and coping via support from friends and family showed this increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53; 0.56) immediately after the intervention in the experimental group. A contradictory finding was, that social well-being showed a medium (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.72) decrease immediately after the intervention. Suggestions for further research include establishing preferable movies before intervention, the use of a standardized strength scale and another experimental group, with the absence of focus groups, so as to determine a more accurate effect of films / Thesis (MA (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This study aimed to reveal the effect of cinematherapy on perfectionism and related Early Maladaptive Schemas and investigates the contribution of participants&rsquo / identification with the film and recall of the film on this process. 34 university students from Psychology Department at Middle East Technical University participated in the study. The participants completed a demographic information form, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, three Early Maladaptive Schema (Emotional Inhibition, Unrelenting Standards-Hypercriticalness, Approval Seeking-Recognition Seeking) items from Young Schema Questionnaire, Film &Ouml / zdeSleSme &Ouml / l&ccedil / egi (an identification scale developed for this study), and Film Recall Test (specific for the selected film) at pre-, post-, and a 10 days follow-up. There were two groups in this study, the first group only watched the selected film and completed assessment devices. The second group watched the selected film and then got a briefing about perfectionism. ANOVAs were conducted to assess differences on perfectionism and related schemas at different time intervals and between groups. According to results, watching the selected film had an effect on participant&rsquo / s perfectionism. Moreover, cinematherapy had no effect on perfectionism related schemas when they were analyzed together. However, it was found that watching the selected film had a temporary effect on Emotional Inhibition schema. A regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between identification, recall of the film and perfectionism. According to regression analysis, identification with the film and recall of the film had no association with the participants&rsquo / perfectionism. The findings, and their implications with suggestions for future research and practice, were discussed in the light of relevant literature.

This study aimed to verify the propositions regarding the application procedures indicated in the cinematherapy literature. Moreover it was also aimed to frame the rationale of cinematherapy on a theoretical basis by integrating the procedures of cinematherapy intervention technique into Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska &amp / Norcross, 2003) and to discover the mechanisms that the applications function through. Finally, it was also aimed to apply cinematherapy intervention technique to the domain of relationship problems. For this study, university students who were in an on-going relationship and were in need of professional help due to their relationship problems were included. Content analyses were conducted for reaching the aims of the study. According to these results, in viewing stage the four-stage process was not attained by all participants, while all stages, except catharsis, were reached in one movie during discussion stage. These results suggest that viewing alone does not induce change, but discussions lead to attaining the stages that would expected to induce change. Moreover, the results revealed that during movie discussions a three-phase process was followed / namely identification, awareness, and solution. Based on the results, it could be assumed that the first phase functions through projection processes / whereas the second phase functions through metaphors and the final stage functions as the projections resolved by using metaphors. Furthermore, according to the outcome monitoring results two participants were grouped in &ldquo / meaningful outcome&rdquo / category, three participants were grouped in &ldquo / ambivalent outcome&rdquo / category, and one participant was grouped in &ldquo / negative outcome&rdquo / category. The results were discussed in accordance with the Transtheoretical Model.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cinematherapy and its interaction with subjective well-being levels on self-perception and its dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to select cinematherapy movies in accordance with self-perception dimensions, and their therapeutic functions. Moreover, the role of cognitive-emotional identification beside similarity identification was investigated. Three conditions were constructed by clinical and non-clinical samples consisted of 34 participants aged between 15 and 18. Clinical cinematherapy condition was composed of 10 out-patient psychiatric participants, and 24 high school students were assigned to non-clinical cinematherapy and control conditions. Cinematherapy conditions received 3-session cinematherapy intervention in which viewing and elaboration of cinematherapy movies took place. Control condition watched episodes of a documentary with no elaboration part. According to results, in pre-treatment measures, clinical sample had more negative self-perception and self-concept scores in scholastic competence, physical appearance, and global self-worth than non-clinical sample. Additionally, clinical sample had lower levels of subjective well-being than non-clinical sample. As a result of cinematherapy application, athletic competence positively changed in non-clinical sample. Besides, cinematherapy positively affected self-perceptions of participants with low levels of subjective well-being in clinical sample. For participants with low subjective well-being levels in non-clinical cinematherapy condition, athletic competence increased while global self-worth decreased. According to identification results, cinematherapy conditions had higher similarity identification scores than control condition and non-clinical cinematherapy condition had higher fictional involvement scores than clinical cinematherapy condition. The applications and findings were discussed in terms of sample characteristics and cinematherapy procedures.

(in English): Our topic of this work is the effect of film therapy on the experience of people with depressive symptoms. Its aim is to find out what emotional responses films evoke in people with depressive symptoms and whether they find any risks or benefits in film therapy. In the theoretical part, firstly we focus on film therapy itself, its origins, empirical anchoring, definition and its application with a focus on its effects. We also discuss depression and its symptoms, which we examine in more detail, as well as the current treatment options for depression, based on ICD- 10. In this section, we also focus on the latest findings regarding the possibility of treating depressive symptoms through film therapy. The empirical part follows, which is focused qualitatively. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with six respondents who have subjectively experienced depressive symptoms in the last five years, we are now looking for answers to the identified research questions. The results of the research are described in the last part of the empirical work, where they are discussed and compared with previous research results on this topic and the literature. Subsequently, other possibilities of potential folowing researches are discussed.

Orientador: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Resumo: Muitos estudos já têm utilizado a tecnologia referente a filmes como forma de auxiliar em tratamentos, como os da cinematerapia, tendo em vista seu impacto em diversos aspectos da área terapêutica. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre a potencialidade desse recurso como expressão combinada de uma rede de atributos, os quais podem desencadear inúmeros estímulos audiovisuais, tendo como base o referencial da Psicologia Positiva, podendo impactar nas funções cognitivas e nos estados de humor em idosos. Este estudo, de natureza qualiquantitativa, tem como objetivo investigar o efeito de sessões de mídias cinematográficas nos estados de humor e em algumas funções cognitivas, relacionadas à memória, à atenção e à percepção, de idosos saudáveis e com sintomas depressivos. O estudo alia pesquisas bibliográfica e exploratória. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida por meio da aplicação bifásica, sendo antes do início da exibição do filme (pré-filme) e após o término do mesmo (pósfilme), de três instrumentos para a coleta de dados: Questionário com entrevista estruturada de caracterização da amostra contendo 1 pergunta (pré-filme) e 4 perguntas (pós-filme), Lista de Estados de Ânimo Reduzida e Ilustrada (LEA-RI) (VOLP, 2000) e a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-versão abreviada de 15 itens (ALMEIDA; ALMEIDA, 1999). A amostra de conveniência foi constituída por 216 idosos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes em Rio Claro-SP. Foram utilizados quatro film... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Many studies have already used the technology related to films as an auxiliary way of treatments, such as the ones of the cinema therapy due to its effectiveness in several therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about the potentiality of this resource as a combined expression in a network of attributes, which may trigger innumerable audiovisual stimuli, based on the Positive Psychology reference and, may impact the efficiency of cognitive functions and mood states in seniors. The present quali-quantitative study aims to investigate the effect of cinematographic media sessions in the mood state and cognitive performance related to memory and attention in healthy elderly with depressive symptoms. The study will combine bibliographic and exploratory research, which will be developed through biphasic technique, before the beginning of the film (pre-test) and after the end of the film (post-test). Three instruments for data collection will be used: Structured interview questionnaire, The Reduced and Illustrated States List (LEA-RI) (VOLP, 2000) and, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), abbreviated version of 15 items (ALMEIDA; ALMEIDA, 1999). The convenience sample consisted of 216 elderly people, aged 60 years or over, of both genders, residing in Rio Claro-SP. Four films were used, from the genre’s biography and drama, selected from the studies of Positive Psychology. The data collected were analyzed in two ways: qualitatively, using the Content Analysis technique, from ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the cinematherapy technique on the treatment of alcohol dependent patients. In terms of change, selfefficacy, decisional balance and motivation levels of participants were examined. 94 alcoholic patients from a state hospital, and 14 members of Alcoholics Anonymous&rsquo / Istanbul groups participated in the study. Participants were either inpatients in the dependence treatment center, or alcohol dependent patients who had been clean and sober for various periods of time. The cinematherapy technique was applied as an adjunct to alcohol dependence treatment. It included the presentation of a movie with an alcohol dependence theme followed by an elaboration session. Participants in the experimental group received two sessions of cinematherapy. On the other hand, control group A participants watched one movie unrelated with alcohol dependence. It was followed by an elaboration session with a non-alcoholic theme. Control group B participants watched two movies unrelated with alcohol dependence. Any elaboration session was not made with control group B participants. Decisional balance, self-efficacy, treatment motivation and stages of change were used as the main outcome measures in the pre-treatment and posttreatment assessments. Since the experimental and control groups sample sizes were small, non-parametric tests were used in data analysis. According to results, cons of alcohol and self-efficacy increased for the overall sample after cinematherapy sessions. In addition, the cinematherapy group showed higher identification than the control groups. Stages of change differences were gained for pros of alcohol use and self-efficacy in line with literature.

This study aimed at revealing and differentiating the emotions of shame and guilt felt by the adolescents with maternal cancer. In order to reveal and differentiate these emotions, a sentence completion task and interviews were used. The study was conducted on 10 adolescents in age range of 16-20. With each participant, four private sessions were made. In the first session, the participant&rsquo / s knowledge of his/her mother&rsquo / s condition was evaluated through the Sentence Completion Test. In the second session, Pandora&rsquo / s Box, a film by Yesim Ustaoglu was watched with the participant to understand if the film evoked the targeted emotions and the second format of Sentence Completion Test was given. In the third session, 20 minute interviews were conducted with the participant, privately. These interviews were called &ldquo / interventions&rdquo / because they aimed to intervene to the process of feeling guilty and ashamed and replace them with a positive self-conscious emotion, pride. The fourth and final session was conducted after one week and aimed to check if the anticipated affect of film and interventions lasted. Only 3 participants out of 10 returned for the fourth session, so the fourth session was left out of the analysis. Two main analyses were conducted in the current study. The frequencies of shame and guilt were examined in the Sentence Completion Test analysis and the interviews were analysed qualitatively. The outcome resulted that in both Sentence Completion Test and interview analysis, the adolescents with maternal cancer revealed emotions of shame and guilt. Furthermore, in the Sentence Completion Test analysis, it was tested whether the frequency of emotions of shame and guilt increased or decreased by the intervention of the film and interviews and the outcome yielded that neither the film Pandora&rsquo / s Box nor the interventions made any significant effect. The results were evaluated and the implications were discussed. Finally, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were explained. Keywords: Cancer, breast cancer, adolescents, self-conscious emotions, Cinematherapy, Interventions Technique, Qualitative Study.

This study aimed at revealing and differentiating the emotions of shame and guilt felt by the adolescents with maternal cancer. In order to reveal and differentiate these emotions, a sentence completion task and interviews were used. The study was conducted on 10 adolescents in age range of 16-20. With each participant, four private sessions were made. In the first session, the participant&rsquo / s knowledge of his/her mother&rsquo / s condition was evaluated through the Sentence Completion Test. In the second session, Pandora&rsquo / s Box, a film by Yesim Ustaoglu was watched with the participant to understand if the film evoked the targeted emotions and the second format of Sentence Completion Test was given. In the third session, 20 minute interviews were conducted with the participant, privately. These interviews were called &ldquo / interventions&rdquo / because they aimed to intervene to the process of feeling guilty and ashamed and replace them with a positive self-conscious emotion pride. The fourth and final session was conducted after one week and aimed to check if the anticipated affect of film and interventions lasted. Only 3 participants out of 10 returned for the fourth session, so the fourth session was left out of the analysis. Two main analyses were conducted in the current study. The frequencies of shame and guilt were examined in the Sentence Completion Test analysis and the interviews were analysed qualitatively. The outcome resulted that in both Sentence Completion Test and interview analysis, the adolescents with maternal cancer revealed emotions of shame and guilt. Furthermore, in the Sentence Completion Test analysis, it was tested whether the frequency of emotions of shame and guilt increased or decreased by the intervention of the film and interviews and the outcome yielded that neither the film Pandora&rsquo / s Box nor the interventions made any significant effect. The results were evaluated and the implications were discussed. Finally, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were explained.