This master thesis is focused on designing a concept of a biodynamic tunable white luminaire for the interior capable of producing user defined output or simulating the conditions of natural exterior lighting. The thesis describes the physiological basis of human sensitivity to lighting and the consequences, as well as the principles of semiconductor radiation sources. Finally, it deals with methods of sensing the lighting conditions and describing the design and functions of the system elements and final implementation.

Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla / Resumo: Introdução: O desenvolvimento de estratégias para redução no custo do sequenciamento de genoma completo (WGS) é importante para projetos que demandam por grandes quantidades de amostras. Uma estratégia de baixo custo é o sequenciamento de baixa cobertura aliado a técnicas de imputação para genotipagem eficiente e de confiabilidade adequada. A malária é uma das principais doenças transmitidas por artrópodes no mundo e o Brasil é considerado um país com alta incidência de malária, principalmente na região Amazônica, sendo principal vetor o mosquito Anopheles darlingi. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver estratégia para analisar dados de WGS de baixa cobertura de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi coletados no município de Mâncio Lima no Acre e verificar associação entre dados genéticos e dados de importância epidemiológica, tais como comportamento de picada, horário de atividade e distanciamento em escala microgeográfica. Materiais e métodos: Amostras de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi foram coletadas no município de Mâncio Lima - AC, entre 2016 e 2017. As bibliotecas foram preparadas com Nextera™ XT e sequenciadas no NextSeq500 da Illumina. Foi realizado genotipagem por sequenciamento e aplicado imputação. Estudos de associação ampla do genoma foram realizados com comportamento de picada e horário de atividade. Sinais de estratificação na população foram investigados por FST amplo no genoma e teste de permutação para significância. Resultados: Sinais fracos porém si... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Strategy development to reduce the cost of whole genome sequencing (WGS) is important for projects that demand large quantities of samples. A low-cost strategy is low-coverage sequencing combined with imputation techniques for efficient genotyping and sufficient confiability. Malaria is one of the main diseases transmitted by arthropods in the world and Brazil is considered a country with a high incidence of malaria, especially in the Amazon region with the main vector being the Anopheles darlingi mosquito. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop a strategy to analyze low-coverage WGS data from Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes collected in the municipality of Mâncio Lima in Acre State and verify associations between genetic data and data of epidemiological importance, such as biting behavior, time of activity and distance on a microgeographic scale. Materials and methods: Samples of Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes were collected in the municipality of Mâncio Lima - AC, between 2016 and 2017. The libraries were prepared with Nextera ™ XT and sequenced on Illumina's NextSeq500. Genotyping by sequencing was performed and imputation was applied. Genome wide association studies were performed with biting behavior and time of activity. Population stratification signals were investigated by genome-wide FST and permutation test applied for significance. Results: Weak but significant stratification signals were identified considering distances of 2 to 3 k... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Adipose tissue secretes many important biologically active proteins called adipokines. A subset of adipokines, called C1q tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs), play a key role in metabolism, inflammation, and cell signaling. C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreases inflammation, and aids in cardiovascular recovery following a myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms behind CTRP3’s protective effects on organ systems are unknown. This exploratory study aims to analyze the circulating oligomeric state of CTRP3 and the circadian regulation of CTRP3 to help understand the role of CTRP3 in preventing disease. METHODS: For analysis of the oligomeric state of CTRP3 non-fasting mouse serum was collected from high fat fed hyper-glycemic mice or low fat fed normoglycemic mice and was separated by size exclusion filtration. For analysis of the circadian regulation of CTRP3 serum samples were collected from mice at 4 different time points (2 dark cycle and 2 light cycle) throughout the day and circulating CTRP3 levels were analyzed by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: In both high fat and low fat fed mice CTRP3 was found to circulate in both >300 kDa oligomers and >100kDa oligomers, with no detectable amount of CTRP3 less 100 kDa. Interestingly, although there was no difference in the total amount of CTRP3 between the high fat and low fat fed mice there was a higher abundance of CTRP3 >300 kDa in the high fat fed and a greater abundance of CTRP3 found 100-300 kDa. Additionally, we found that serum CTRP3 levels vary greatly throughout a 24-hour time-period within each mouse, but no consensus circadian pattern was observed. CONCLUSION: In vitro mammalian produced recombinant CTRP3 protein was found to exist as trimer, hexamer, and high molecule weight. This is the first study to indicate that CTRP3 circulates in different oligomeric states in vivo, and this is also the first study to observe a difference in the oligomeric state of CTRP3 related to metabolic state. Combined these findings indicate that oligomeric state of CTRP3 may be more metabolically relevant than total amount of circulating CTRP3. In addition, our finding of a high variability of CTRP3 within the same mouse at different times throughout the day indicates that is not regulated by circadian rhythms but is susceptible to variability due to some unknown regulatory factor. These findings have identified novel unknown aspects of CTRP3, which require further research to understand the role of CTRP3 in human health and disease.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23364号 / 理博第4735号 / 新制||理||1679(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 森 哲, 教授 曽田 貞滋, 教授 中川 尚史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Relatively little is known about the temporal control of behavior of honey bee queens under natural conditions. To determine if mated honey bee queens possess diel rhythmicity in behavior, we observed them in glass-sided observation hives, employing two focal studies involving continuous observations of individual queens as well as a scan-sampling study of multiple queens. In all cases, all behaviors were observed at all times of the day and night. In four of the five queens examined in focal studies, there were no consistent occurrences of diel periodicity for any of the individual behaviors. A more encompassing measure for periodicity, in which the behaviors were characterized as active (walking, inspecting, egg-laying, begging for food, feeding, and grooming self) or inactive (standing), also failed to reveal consistent diel rhythmicity. Furthermore, there were no consistent diel differences in the number of workers in the queen's retinue. Behavioral arrhythmicity persisted across seasons and despite daily changes in both light and temperature levels. Both day and night levels of behavioral activity were correlated with daytime, but not with nighttime, ambient temperatures. The behavior of the one exceptional queen was not consistent: diurnal activity patterns were present during two 24-h observation sessions but arrhythmicity during another. Based on the behavior observed by all but one of the queens examined in this work, the arrhythmic behavior by the mated honey bee queen inside the colony appears to be similar to that exhibited by worker bees before they approach the age of onset of foraging behavior.

Circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology and is an important part of the mechanisms regulating mammalian homeostasis. SCN are synchronized with a 24hour cycle mainly by light, but they can also be regulated by a variety of nonphotic signals, such as growth factors, opioids, cytokines, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which act by inducing the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. STAT family proteins (i.e. signal transducers and activator of transcription) regulate many aspects of cellular physiology, from growth and differentiation to immune response. However, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has not yet been studied in the SCN and the function of STAT proteins in the SCN has not yet been clarified. In the first part of the thesis, we focused on localization of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in the rat SCN and determination of rhythm in proteins and mRNA. Our experiments showed the daily rhythm in the levels of STAT3 protein in SCN astrocytes of rat with low but significant amplitude and with maximum in the morning. In addition, we revealed strong but nonrhythmic expression of STAT5A protein in astrocytes and STAT5B protein in nonastrocytic cells of SCN. It was also found that Stat3 mRNA show, similarly to protein, circadian rhythm in...

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Circadian rhythms are often tightly confined around a mean of 24 hours with little variation in traditional model organisms in the absence of environmental time cues. Some spider species fall well outside this normal range with mean periods of 18 hours and variation around these means of 6 hours or more. This extreme variation in circadian rhythm is not well-understood and is the focus of the current study. Using Parasteatoda tepidariorum as a model organism, we investigated whether variation in eight circadian parameters could be explained by genetic variability, environmental conditions, or an endogenous feature of the circadian system of P. tepidariorum. No significant correlation was found between mother spiders and their offspring for all circadian parameters, nor was a significant difference found among groups exposed to different environmental conditions. We conclude that circadian variation seen in P. tepidariorum is likely a result of an innate circadian feature such as relaxed selection for a precise, 24-hour circadian rhythm.

Whereas circadian rhythms in humans and many other organisms are closely linked to the solar day and even slight deviations could cause significant health problems, several spider species thrive despite extremely shortened or extended circadian clocks. These naturally occurring clocks influence a variety of behaviors, which may help spiders maintain a precarious balance between their conflicting roles as predator and prey. The southern black widow, Latrodectus mactans, is primarily nocturnal in its locomotor activity, but this activity appears only loosely regulated by its circadian clock. This study attempts to determine how internal circadian oscillators affect other aspects of black widow behavior, since preliminary data suggest that they also possess potentially irregular circadian patterns. The behavioral patterns of twenty female black widows were recorded over a span of several weeks. Approximately 3,400 hours of footage in standard (12-hour light-dark cycles) and constant conditions (complete darkness) were analyzed and specific behaviors were recorded using the software BORIS. This study focused on three specific sets of behavior: foraging versus retreat patterns, general activity levels throughout a 24-hr period, and waste disposal. Predation stimuli were also introduced during each cycle set to determine how the widows’ responses were affected by their internal circadian oscillators. Free-run behaviors (behavior no longer entrained to the standard 24hr cycle) observed during the dark-dark cycles differed from the behavior observed during light-dark cycles in both frequency and duration of actions, particularly those related to foraging or web work. Likewise, certain behaviors and prey avoidance techniques observed during light-cycle periods were not observed during constant conditions. This experiment examines several previously unstudied black widow behaviors for generating a better understanding on how they act in natural conditions and to determine how their actions may be influenced by their highly unusual circadian rhythms. Ultimately, this experiment will contribute to a larger, ongoing study investigating circadian-controlled behaviors and rhythms in spiders.

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