Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Nunes de Oliveira.pdf: 543657 bytes, checksum: bd1eee42af4aaa2b6da47ad436db4cbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work, Circulation of children and teenagers at Vargem Grande Paulista city has as objective the identification os situations where children or adolecent leave their original families to be taken care of by other families, institutions or to live on the streets. It was described three cases of families who were living in conditions of high social vulnerability. It was not intended to identify the causes but to analize how did it happen the shift and its meaning. Children and teenagers were sheltered in wide families and foster families that had meaningful experiences for the formation of their relantionship networks and their history. The idea was to understand wich were the major grownd for the child leaving his own family and what would and wouldn t concur to his coming back. What were the motivations a person would have to shelter in his own family someboby with whom there was no blood lineage all the time? That presented to the teenagers the experience of sharing different life stiles not always safe. The bibliographic search allowed me to perceive that the foster of children and youths not belonging at one s own family core is a brazilian culture characteristic. And to foster somebody s child is a milenar practice that persist to this day, being through the legal way or not. The goal is usually to achieve the children or youth well being. The fieldwork has also shown that the person who experienced in his own childhood the foster home in his own family, at adulthood present the predisposition for shelter. One of the purposes of this work was to find the elements that may contribute to establish the Shelter Family Program at Vargem Grande Paulista country at São Paulo state / O presente trabalho, Circulação de crianças e adolescentes em Vargem Grande Paulista teve como objetivo identificar situações em que crianças ou adolescentes deixam sua família de origem para serem assistidos por outras famílias, instituições ou para viverem na rua. Foram descritos três casos de famílias que viveram em condição de alta vulnerabilidade social. O intuito não foi identificar as causas, mas sim analisar como se deu a circulação e seu significado. Foram crianças e adolescentes acolhidos em famílias extensas ou de acolhimento e que tiveram experiências significativas para constituição de suas redes de relações e de suas histórias. A idéia era procurar entender quais eram os determinantes para a saída de uma criança de sua família de origem e o que contribuiria ou não para seu retorno. Que motivações uma pessoa teria para acolher em sua família alguém com quem nem sempre tinha vinculação sanguínea? O que representou para os adolescentes, a experiência de estar compartilhando modos de vida diferentes, e nem sempre seguros. A pesquisa bibliográfica permitiu-me apreender que o cuidado de crianças e adolescentes não pertencentes ao próprio núcleo familiar é uma característica da cultura brasileira e que, cuidar do filho de outro, é uma prática milenar que perdura até os dias de hoje, seja pela via legal ou não. O que é buscado, geralmente, é o bem estar da criança ou do adolescente. A pesquisa de campo demonstrou, ainda, que a pessoa que experienciou em sua infância a vivência do acolhimento de outros em sua família, na idade adulta apresenta predisposição para a acolhida. Um dos objetivos dessa análise foi levantar elementos que contribuíssem para a implantação do programa família acolhedora no município de Vargem Grande Paulista/SP

Partant de la prémisse que 80% des enfants institutionnalisés ne sont pas orphelins (Tolfree 1995, 4), ce mémoire porte sur la production et la circulation des « faux orphelins ». Suivant un terrain ethnographique de quatre mois auprès de jeunes institutionnalisés et de responsables d’orphelinat au Cap-Haïtien, en Haïti, je soutiens que les responsables d’institution agissent de façon substitutive puisqu’ils s’acquittent des fonctions parentales même si la famille biologique existe et qu’elle est connue des institutions. En s’attribuant un pouvoir ascendant sur les familles biologiques, les responsables d’institution destituent les parents de leurs responsabilités et relèguent ces derniers à un statut fantomatique. Dans un contexte de survie, les jeunes apprennent à cumuler et à performer différents statuts, un processus transformatif qui se réalise dans la négociation de leur agentivité et dans l’exploration de la liminalité de leurs multiples statuts. Cette stratégie permet aux « faux orphelins » d’accéder à des services et ressources pour devenir des commodités et poursuivre leur fonction économique envers leur famille biologique. À partir d’une analyse systémique axée sur les concepts d’intersubjectivité, de commodification, de performance, d’agentivité et de présence absente, je démontre que la production des « faux orphelins » est une stratégie à laquelle de multiples acteurs contribuent, notamment les responsables d’institution, les jeunes ainsi que leur famille. Le cadre théorique de la circulation des jeunes est productif pour identifier toutes deux l’institutionnalisation des jeunes et l’adoption internationale comme stratégies de mobilité qui n’agissent pas à titre de finalités absolues mais plutôt de parcours dans l’espace et dans le temps. / Based on the fact that 80% of institutionalized children are not orphans (Tolfree 1995, 4), this study focuses on the production and circulation of “fake orphans”. After 4-months of ethnographic fieldwork with institutionalized youths and orphanages directors in Cap-Haitien, Haiti, I argue that, through their actions, agency heads essentially serve as substitutes for conventional parental functions, despite their knowledge of the existence of the children’s biological families. When ascribing themselves an ascending power over biological families, agency heads are dismissing parents of their own responsibilities and therefore demoting them to a ghost-like status. Driven by a survival mode, institutionalized youths learn to accrue and perform different statuses, a transformative process produced by the negotiation of their agency and the exploration of the liminality of their multiple status. This strategy allows “fake orphans” to access services and resources, which transform them into commodities and allow them to fulfill an economic function for their biological family. Based on a systemic analysis focused on concepts intersubjectivity, commodification, performance, agency, and absent presence, I demonstrate that the production of “fake orphans” is a strategy in which multiple actors are taking part, among them agency heads, youths, and their family. The theoretical framework of circulation of children is productive for identifying both youth institutionalization and international adoption as mobility strategies which are not to be conceptualized as oriented toward a final destination, but rather as a journey in space and time. / Baze sou lefèt ke 80 % nan timoun ki nan enstitisyon yo pa òfelen (Tolfree 1995, 4), etid sa a konsantre sou pwodiksyon ak sikilasyon « fo òfelen ». Apre 4 mwa travay etnikografik sou teren ak jèn k ap vin nan enstitisyon epi ak direktè òfelina nan Okap, Ayiti, mwen analize ke, atravè aksyon yo, dirijan ajans yo esansyèlman sèvi ranplasman pou fonksyon konvansyonèl paran yo, malgre ke yo konnen egzistans fanmi byolojik timoun yo. Lè yo bay tèt yo pouvwa anwo fanmi byolojik yo, dirijan ajans yo retire pwòp responsabilite yo nan men paran yo epi konsa vin fè yo jwe yon wòl preske tankou fantom. Nan chèche lavi, jèn k ap viv nan enstitisyon yo pral aprann jere plizyè estati diferan, yon pwosesis transfòmasyon ki sòti nan efò yo fè pou yo mèt tèt yo epi konprann flou ki genyen lè w ap viv ak plizyè estati diferan an menm tan. Estrateji sa a pèmèt « fo òfelen » jwenn sèvis ak resous, ki fè yo vin yon pwodwi yo menm ki ranpli yon fonksyon ekonomik pou fanmi byolojik yo. Baze sou yon analiz sistemik ki konsantre sou konsèp kosibjektivite, komèsifikasyon, pèfòmans, ajantivite, ak prezans absan, mwen demontre ke pwodiksyon « fo òfelen » se yon estrateji ke plizyè aktè patisipe ladan, pami yo dirijan ajans, jèn yo, ak fanmi yo. Fondasyon teyorik sikilasyon timoun itil pou idantifye alafwa fenomèn mete jèn nan enstitisyon ak fenomèn adopsyon entènasyonal kòm estrateji mobilite ki pa dwe konsèptualize tankou de jès ki gen yon destinasyon final, men plis tankou de vwayaj nan espas ak tan.