There is an adverse reaction to the practice of female circumcision in the West. This study investigates the adverse reaction to reveal the public discourse on female circumcision as one that is gendered. Using a critical discourse analysis, the study examines the body of Western discourses to explore the reproduction of system of gender hierarchy in the discourse. Guided by a theoretical analysis of the ‘private’/’public' divide through which feminine and masculine power is enforced, the study exposes ways in which similar power relation is sustained in the body of Western discourses on female circumcision. The study applies a textual analysis inquiring the language use of the Fran Hosken report and policy statements originating from the United States, United Kingdome, and international organizations. Using various themes that emerged during the textual analysis, the study deconstructs the body of Western discourses on female circumcision and presents the construction of femininity and masculinity. The findings suggest the discursive application of control and power grounded in rationality, science, knowledge and ways of being.

There is an adverse reaction to the practice of female circumcision in the West. This study investigates the adverse reaction to reveal the public discourse on female circumcision as one that is gendered. Using a critical discourse analysis, the study examines the body of Western discourses to explore the reproduction of system of gender hierarchy in the discourse. Guided by a theoretical analysis of the ‘private’/’public' divide through which feminine and masculine power is enforced, the study exposes ways in which similar power relation is sustained in the body of Western discourses on female circumcision. The study applies a textual analysis inquiring the language use of the Fran Hosken report and policy statements originating from the United States, United Kingdome, and international organizations. Using various themes that emerged during the textual analysis, the study deconstructs the body of Western discourses on female circumcision and presents the construction of femininity and masculinity. The findings suggest the discursive application of control and power grounded in rationality, science, knowledge and ways of being.

There is an adverse reaction to the practice of female circumcision in the West. This study investigates the adverse reaction to reveal the public discourse on female circumcision as one that is gendered. Using a critical discourse analysis, the study examines the body of Western discourses to explore the reproduction of system of gender hierarchy in the discourse. Guided by a theoretical analysis of the ‘private’/’public' divide through which feminine and masculine power is enforced, the study exposes ways in which similar power relation is sustained in the body of Western discourses on female circumcision. The study applies a textual analysis inquiring the language use of the Fran Hosken report and policy statements originating from the United States, United Kingdome, and international organizations. Using various themes that emerged during the textual analysis, the study deconstructs the body of Western discourses on female circumcision and presents the construction of femininity and masculinity. The findings suggest the discursive application of control and power grounded in rationality, science, knowledge and ways of being.

There is an adverse reaction to the practice of female circumcision in the West. This study investigates the adverse reaction to reveal the public discourse on female circumcision as one that is gendered. Using a critical discourse analysis, the study examines the body of Western discourses to explore the reproduction of system of gender hierarchy in the discourse. Guided by a theoretical analysis of the ‘private’/’public' divide through which feminine and masculine power is enforced, the study exposes ways in which similar power relation is sustained in the body of Western discourses on female circumcision. The study applies a textual analysis inquiring the language use of the Fran Hosken report and policy statements originating from the United States, United Kingdome, and international organizations. Using various themes that emerged during the textual analysis, the study deconstructs the body of Western discourses on female circumcision and presents the construction of femininity and masculinity. The findings suggest the discursive application of control and power grounded in rationality, science, knowledge and ways of being.

Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / Musi ro sedza ḓivhazwakale ya murundu kha Vhavenḓa ri wana zwauri musi Vhavenḓa vha sa athu u kona u fumbisa vho vha vha tshi fumbiseliwa vhatukana vhavho nga Vhalemba na nga Vhapeli. Luambo lune lwa shumisiwa murunduni ndi lwo khetheaho ngauri a lu fani na luambo lune vhathu vha lu shumisa ḓuvha na ḓuvha. Luambo lwa hone lu shumisiwa murunduni fhedzi. Arali o yaho murunduni a nga shumisa luambo lwa murunduni hu na a songo yaho a nga si pfe uri hu khou ambiwa nga ha mini. Nyimbo dzine dza imbiwa murunduni ndi nnzhi vhukuma. Naho hu na nyimbo dzine dza imbiwa nga Tshivenḓa murunduni ya Vhavenḓa ngoho ndi ya uri vhunzhi hadzo ndi dza Tshisuthu. Milayo ya murunduni ndi minzhi vhukuma fhedzi ine ya vha ya ndeme ndi ya u gudisa vhatukana u kona u ṱhonifha, u shuma, na u konḓelela. Kha milayo ya murunduni vhatukana vha funziwa u kona u tshila na vhaṅwe vhathu ngauri muthu a nga si kone u tshila e eṱhe vhutshiloni.

Thesis (doctorat en ethnologie)--Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [408]-423).

Diplomarbeit--Universität, Wien, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-166).

Thesis (doctorat en ethnologie)--Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [408]-423).

A research report submitted to the School of Public Health, University of WItwatersrand in partial completion of the requirements of the degree Master of Public Health : Social and Behaviour change communication / Three randomised control trials in Kenya, Uganda and South Africa have shown that Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission to men by up to 60%. This has resulted in a WHO and UNAIDS recommendation to promote VMMC as part of comprehensive HIV prevention programming. In order for South Africa to achieve its 80% national coverage target of VMMC, significant investment needs to be made in demand creation programming. The Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention Studies (CHAPS) provides free VMMCs through 28 community based clinics and hospitals in Gauteng, North West and Limpopo Provinces. In 2013, CHAPS demand creation activities have resulted in some increases in demand but CHAPS have committed to exploring additional demand creation opportunities. In terms of reach, mobile telephones are highly prevalent in South Africa, with more than 90% of South African households surveyed in 2011 reporting to have at least one cellular telephone in the home. The ongoing advancement of mobile phones to allow data transfer and internet access also means that more ‘Technology-Poor’ or ‘ICT Have-nots’ will be able to access the ever increasing knowledge content of the internet, participate in digital social-domains and be reached in shorter times and at lower costs.

Genital human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including South Africa. Adult medical male circumcision (MMC) trials in Africa have shown decrease in acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. In this follow-up study, swabs that were collected 21 months post-circumcision were tested for the presence of 13 high risk HPV and 24 low risk HPV, genotypes. Results show that 17.5% and 14.3% participants were infected with at least one low risk or high risk strain of HPV respectively. The most common types of high-risk HPV were type 16 (3.5%) and 18 (3.1%). These results suggest that there is an inverse association between MMC and HPV acquisition. Participants with at least one high risk strain of HPV were 4.6 times more likely to acquire HIV than participants without high-risk HPV. This was associated exclusively with high-risk HPV infection. HIV acquisition increased dramatically in men with multiple subtypes of HPV. In a second study, more HPV genotypes were detected on the inner foreskin tissue than on the outer foreskin tissue, highlighting its vulnerability to HPV. Washing of the penis, thus removing possible contaminants reduces the number of detectable HPV genotypes. This study confirmed that the uncircumcized foreskin, in particular the inner foreskin mucosa, offers a rich environment for HPV infections. This data will allow more insight into the HPV prevalence of young men in South Africa and the multi-factorial mechanisms in play with the association between medical male circumcision and decreased genital HPV prevalence.