Female genital cutting (FGC) has received much attention since the early 1980s. Decried as both a human rights violation and a barbaric example of the patriarchal subjugation of women and girls in developing nations, FGC has only recently been examined within the cultural framework in which it takes place. This thesis will focus on the Muslim communities in Egypt and Sudan who continue to engage in FGC as a required Muslim practice. Starting from the notion that FGC has a limiting effect on a woman's overall health, this thesis will use three foundational notions from Islamic medical ethics to argue against the continuation of FGC. Specifically, it will elaborate and draw on the Islamic position in favor of organ transplantation, thus further illustrating the argument against FGC. By using principles and notions from Islamic medical ethics, this thesis will argue against FGC from within Islam.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-311).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (D.Min.)--Asbury Theological Seminary, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-249). Also available online.

Diplomarbeit--Universität, Wien, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-166).

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV (UNAIDS) strongly recommends that developing countries regard medical male circumcision as a biomedical intervention. This recommendation has caused developing countries seeking a radical solution to the prevailing and persistent social problem of HIV to reform their health policies. Most now discourage traditional male circumcision and promote safe medical male circumcision (SMMC) as a strong contributor to reductions in HIV transmission. This has introduced conflicts in traditional African societies such as the Bugisu, where male circumcision is culturally motivated, symbolising a rite of passage from boyhood to manhood. In the Bugisu sub-region, the local Bamasaaba regard their cultural practice of traditional male circumcision (TMC) as prestigious.

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Text in English / Many African countries including Zimbabwe have scaled up and included male circumcision in their comprehensive HIV Prevention package. However, the impact of male circumcision on male sexual function and satisfaction has remained controversial. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of male circumcision on sexual function and satisfaction in Harare, Zimbabwe. A quantitative study was carried out amongst a sample of 169 circumcised men using a questionnaire. The results showed that circumcision has a positive effect on both male sexual function and satisfaction. It was concluded that undergoing voluntary medical male circumcision have a high degree of satisfaction with the procedure and its consequences in terms of sexual function and satisfaction. It was recommended that men are educated about these findings so as to clear myths and misconceptions around circumcision. / Health Studies / M.P.H.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Department of Homeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Introduction This research study investigated the efficacy of a homoeopathic protocol in the post-surgical wound management of medical male circumcision (MMC) in the KwaZulu-Natal region. The study had 30 male participants from 10 of the 11 district municipalities of the KwaZulu-Natal province. The study consultations took place at the Durban University of Technology Health Sciences Clinic. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a topical application of a homoeopathic protocol using; Calendula officinalis (mother tincture (M.T.)), Hypericum perforatum (M.T.) and Delphinum staphysagria 30CH (orally) as an adjunct to the standard care of the post-surgical effects of circumcision and to assess the wounds post-surgically in terms of time taken to heal and associated signs and symptoms. Methodology The data for this study was collected from 30 male participants who had undergone MMC from various hospitals within KwaZulu-Natal. The participants were aged between 18 to 30 years. All participants underwent a medical examination and were given a pain rating scale and a pain and sleep diary. They were instructed to keep a daily record using the data collection tools mentioned above for the study period of six weeks. Descriptive statistics were employed in the form of tables and graphs. The data analysis methods used in the study are: independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Spearman’s Correlation test. Results Group statistics in relation to ‘time to heal’ showed a statistically significant reduction in the time taken for the group on the homoeopathic protocol. Analysis of ‘time to heal’ by group shows that on average, Group 1 (active group: homoeopathic protocol + standard care) (M = 31.4, SD = 7.49) healed in a significantly shorter time than Group 2 (control group: standard care) (M = 38.6667, SD = 1.99), t (28) = -2.617, p=.014. There was no other statistical significance noted except for the results of the Spearman’s rho, where table 4.8 shows there is a significant positive correlation between average quality sleep until healing and the proportion of days across healing NOT feeling refreshed (rho = .676, p<.0005). / M

This thesis used female genital mutilation as a lens through which the effectiveness of the current laws aimed at protecting women and girls can be explored.