Le propos traite de l’aquosité urbaine à Alger. Les recherches dans ce champ sont faibles. On a particulièrement travaillé les archives coloniales, les archives nationales algériennes, les archives du cadastre algérien ; on a effectué une reconnaissance quasi-militaire du terrain pour retrouver les témoins des aqueducs construits (1516-1620) et des puits forés à l’époque ottomane, contemporains des équipements hydrauliques en France, selon Bernard Palissy (Traité des Fontaines, 1580). Des aqueducs à souterazi acheminent l’eau en ville pour près de cent cinquante fontaines publiques, palais et mosquées. Ils pourvoient également en eau les tanneurs, les teinturiers et avitaillent les navires. Par la suite, lorsque la France occupe l’Algérie, la question de l’eau devient prioritaire parmi les militaires, pour la santé et l’hygiène. Ces officiers du Génie et médecins recueillent nombre de données, de relevés et de dessins. Ils recherchent de nouvelles eaux. Ceci est d’ailleurs comparable à ce qui se passe en France et dans toutes les villes, où le souci d’assurer l’alimentation en eau et la salubrité des agglomérations devient une priorité. / The subject deals with urban aqueous in Algiers. Scientific investigations in this field of studies are not very important. We have particularly studied colonial archives, national algerian archives and the algerian archives of the cadastre. Besides this, we have made recognition quasi - military of the field of study in order to discover the witnesses of the aqueducts built between (1516-1620) an the sinking of wells bored during the ottoman period, which are contemporaneous to the equipments hydraulic in France according to Bernard Palissy (Treatise of fountains, 1580)The aqueducts with souterazi bring water to the city by almost a hundred and fifty fountains to the palaces and the mosques. They also provide water to the tanners and dyers and furnish the ships.During the colonial period when France occupied Algeria, the issue of the water becomes a priority for the military man, for the health and the hygiene of the city. The officers of the engineering, the doctors, collected some data topographical statement, draws. They were looking for new sources of water.These studies are the same with what is going on in France and all the cities all over the world, where the problem of the security of alimentation of water and the healthiness of the agglomeration becomes a priority.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-11-16T22:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Jackeline Lisboa Ara?jo Santos.pdf: 3046273 bytes, checksum: 4c256298c13f761057f70882ab177485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T22:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Jackeline Lisboa Ara?jo Santos.pdf: 3046273 bytes, checksum: 4c256298c13f761057f70882ab177485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-05 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The articulation of semiarid (ASA) through P1MC (Training and Social Mobilization Program for living with semiarid: One million rural cisterns), enables families who live in rural areas have access to the cistern plates, a technology that aims to collect rainwater and store it for human consumption. Along with this action, the program has the development of the training course in Water Resources Management (GRH) as a form of social mobilization. The aim of this study was to construct, with the participation of subjects involved in the construction of cistern program, a matrix of indicators for evaluating environmental education programs applied in water resources management. This research has a qualitative approach and its object of study was the P1MC, performed by unit MOC (Movement of Community Organization) located in Serrinha municipality, Bahia state. The research subjects were twenty representatives of families benefiting with the cistern, two multipliers technicians and two GRH course instructors. Data collection had two stages: the first stage consisted on the primary indicators matrix construction, based on interviewssemistructured, documentary research and observation GRH courses. The second stage consisted on matrix finalization and validation, accomplished through focus group, composed of participating subjects: two members of the Water Resources Commission of the municipality, two multipliers technicians, an instructor, a community health worker and a community representative. The constructed matrix of indicators is based on seven dimensions (social, political, educational, cultural, environmental and public health, economic, spatial organization of dialogue) and sixteen indicators with guiding questions, descriptors and means of verification. It is expected that the use of indicators matrix for evaluating environmental education programs can contribute as an instrument that introduces functionality and can be easily applied in the evaluation and monitoring of Environmental Education courses in the construction of cisterns programs. / A articula??o do Semi?rido (ASA), atrav?s do P1MC (Programa de Forma??o e Mobiliza??o Social para conviv?ncia com o Semi?rido: Um milh?o de cisternas rurais), possibilita que fam?lias que moram em ?reas rurais tenham acesso ? cisterna de placas, uma tecnologia que visa recolher a ?gua da chuva e armazen?-la para consumo humano. Junto a esta a??o, o programa tem como forma de mobiliza??o social o desenvolvimento do curso de capacita??o em Gerenciamento de Recursos H?dricos (GRH). O objetivo deste estudo foi construir, com a participa??o de sujeitos envolvidos no programa de constru??o de cisterna, uma matriz de indicadores para avalia??o de programas de educa??o ambiental aplicados na gest?o de recursos h?dricos. Esta pesquisa possuiu abordagem qualitativa e teve como objeto de estudo o P1MC executado pela unidade do MOC (movimento de organiza??o comunit?ria) localizado no munic?pio de Serrinha- Bahia. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram vinte representantes de fam?lias beneficiadas com a cisterna, dois multiplicadores t?cnicos e dois instrutores do curso de GRH. A coleta de dados teve dois momentos: o primeiro momento consistiu na constru??o da matriz de indicadores preliminar, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, pesquisa documental e observa??o de cursos de GRH. O segundo momento consistiu na finaliza??o e valida??o da matriz, realizado por meio de grupo focal, tendo como sujeitos participantes: dois membros da Comiss?o de Recursos H?dricos do munic?pio, dois multiplicadores t?cnicos, uma instrutora, uma agente comunit?ria de sa?de e um representante das comunidades. A matriz de indicadores constru?da est? fundamentada em sete dimens?es (social, pol?tica, educacional, cultural, ambiental e sa?de p?blica, econ?mica e organiza??o do espa?o de di?logo) e dezesseis indicadores com perguntas norteadoras, descritores e meios de verifica??o. Espera-se que a utiliza??o de matriz de indicadores para avalia??o de programas de educa??o ambiental possa contribuir como um instrumento que apresenta funcionalidade e facilidade de aplica??oem avalia??o e acompanhamento de cursos de Educa??o Ambiental nos programas de constru??o de cisternas.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of the study is to theoretically assess tank-water demand and employ methods to establish the actual tank-water demand at selected houses in a case study area. This study also examines the influence of domestic rainwater harvesting systems when used in combination with a municipal water distribution system. The case study comprises of 410 low cost housing units in the Western Cape. The system demand patterns of low cost housing units are uncharacteristic, when compared with suburban system demand patterns, and cannot be defined by traditional models. Similarly, the use of rainwater harvesting systems in these areas follows an unconventional routine that is yet to be defined. A stochastic end-use model for water demand is developed which produces temporal profiles for water supplied from both sources, namely the water distribution system and the rainwater harvesting system. The model approximates a daily system and tank-water demand pattern for a single domestic household, using @RISK software. The demand estimation methodology is clarified through application on a particular case study site where harvested rainwater is frequently utilized. Estimates of the parameter values are based on consumer surveys and previous studies on the case study area, where the household size was defined in the form of a probability distribution. The results confirm the atypical system demand patterns in low cost housing units units. Although two clear peaks exist in the morning and in the evening, a relatively constant average flow is present throughout the day. A sensitivity analysis of all the model parameters verified that the household size has the most substantial influence on the tank-water demand pattern. The system and tank-water demand patterns were compared to published average daily water demand guidelines, which confirmed that increased water savings could be achieved when the rainwater source is accessible inside the household with minimal effort. The stochastic demand profiles derived as part of this research agree with the metered system demand in the same area. The results of this study could be incorporated into the future development of national standards. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van die studie is om die tenkwater-aanvraag teoreties te ontleed en metodes in werking te stel om die werklike tenkwater-aanvraag vas te stel by geselekteerde huise in ‘n gevallestudie area. Hierdie studie ondersoek ook die invloed van plaaslike reënwater-herwinningstelsels wanneer dit gebruik word in kombinasie met ‘n munisipale waterverspreidingstelsel. Die gevallestudie bestaan uit 410 laekoste behuisingseenhede in die Wes-Kaap. Die stelsel-aanvraagpatrone van laekoste behuisingseenhede is verskillend wanneer dit met voorstedelike stelsel-aanvraagpatrone vergelyk word en kan nie gedefinieer word deur tradisionele modelle nie. Soortgelyk volg die gebruik van reënwater-herwinningstelsels in hierdie areas ‘n onkonvensionele roetine. ‘n Stogastiese eindgebruikmodel vir water-aanvraag is ontwikkel, wat tydelike profiele genereer vir water wat van beide bronne verskaf word, naamlik die waterverspreidingstelsel en die reënwater-herwinningstelsel. Die model bepaal by benadering ‘n daaglikse stelsel- en tenkwater-aanvraagpatroon vir ‘n enkele plaaslike huishouding, deur @RISK sagteware. Die aanvraag-beramingstegnieke word verduidelik deur toepassing op ‘n spesifieke gevallestudie, waar herwinde reënwater gereeld gebruik word. Die parameter waardeberamings is gebaseer op verbruikers-opnames en vorige studies oor die gevallestudie-gebied, waar die grootte van die huishoudings bepaal was in die vorm van 'n waarskynlikheidsverspreiding. Die resultate bevestig die atipiese stesel aanvraagpatrone in laekoste behuisingseenhede eenhede. Alhoewel twee duidelike pieke in die oggend en die aand voorkom, is ‘n relatiewe konstante vloei dwarsdeur die dag teenwoordig. ‘n Sensitiwiteitsanalise van al die modelparameters bevestig dat die grootte van die huishouding die grootste beduidende invloed op tenkwater- aanvraagpatrone het. Die stelsel- en tenkwater-aanvraagpatrone was vergelyk met gepubliseerde gemiddelde daaglikse water-aanvraag riglyne wat bevestig dat meer waterbesparings bereik kan word waar die reënwaterbron binne die huishouding beskikbaar is met minimale moeite. Die stogastiese aanvraagprofiele, wat as deel van hierdie navorsing afgelei was, stem saam met die gemeterde stelsel-aanvraagpatroon van dieselfde area. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan in die toekomstige ontwikkeling van nasionale standaarde opgeneem word.

L’approvisionnement en eau et la gestion de cette ressource dans les centres urbains des cités grecques de Crète est un sujet de recherche récent, qui pose la question de l’efficacité de la civilisation hydraulique crétoise du Ier millénaire av. J.-C. dans son ensemble. Empruntant aux sciences de la nature, à la géographie ainsi qu’à l’histoire, l’étude entend replacer l’archéologie au cœur du débat, pour illustrer en particulier la contribution des techniques hydrauliques crétoises au développement des concentrations urbaines nouvelles qu’induisit l’apparition, puis l’épanouissement des cités-États dans l’île entre le VIIIe s. av. J.-C. et la conquête de l’île par Rome, en 67 av. J.-C. Il apparaît que la plupart des formes de réponse actuelles aux enjeux de l’approvisionnement en eau des villes étaient connues en Crète dès l’âge du Fer. / The water supply and the management of this resource in the urban areas of the Greek cities of Crete is a recent research theme, which raises the question of the efficiency of the Cretan hydraulic civilization of the first millenium B.C. in general. Borrowing from the sciences of the nature, from the geography, as well as from the history, the study intends to put the archaeology back in the heart of the debate, to illustrate in particular the contribution of the Cretan hydraulic techniques to the development of the new conurbations led by the emergence, and then the blooming of city-states on the island between the eigth century B.C. and the conquest of the island by Rome, in 67 B.C. It seems that most of the current forms of answer to water supply issues of cities were known in Crete from the Iron Age.

Este estudo analisa o Programa Um MilhÃo de Cisternas (P!MC), considerando os aspectos da comunicaÃÃo e da sustentabilidade nas comunidades de Livramento, MunicÃpio de IrauÃuba, e Araponga, MunicÃpio de Itapipoca. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo nas duas comunidades, que constou da aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas dirigidas com 31 famÃlias de Livramento e Araponga; e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com lideranÃas locais comunitÃrias e integrantes das organizaÃÃes nÃo governamentais (ONGs) Esplar, Instituto SertÃo, Catavento ComunicaÃÃo e EducaÃÃo Ambiental, CÃritas Regional e CÃritas Diocesana de Itapipoca. A escolha das comunidades e das entidades foi em funÃÃo do perÃodo definido para realizaÃÃo da pesquisa: as fases piloto e de transiÃÃo do P1MC. TambÃm obedeceu ao critÃrio do nÃmero de cisternas construÃdas por comunidade e cobertura de emissoras de rÃdio. O marco teÃrico compÃs-se das categorias complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentÃvel e comunicaÃÃo, e suas respectivas conceituaÃÃes sobre era de relaÃÃes, racionalidade ambiental, saber ambiental e mediaÃÃes culturais. Concluiu-se que o P1MC, nas suas fases piloto e de transiÃÃo, foi o inÃcio de um processo que deverà levar tempo para a maturaÃÃo. Hà limitaÃÃes e desafios a vencer. A sustentabilidade da perspectiva de convivÃncia com o Semi-Ãrido, disseminada pelo P1MC, depende diretamente do nÃvel de envolvimento das famÃlias, nÃo sà nas aÃÃes objetivas de construÃÃo das cisternas mas, principalmente, na apreensÃo dos aspectos subjetivos do programa. / This study investigates the âA Million Cisterns Programâ (P1MC), considering aspects of comunication and sustainability at the community of Livramento, municipality of IrauÃuba, and the communitity of Araponga, municipality of Itapipoca. A field survey was carried out at both communities, consisting of oriented interviews with 31 famÃlies from Livramento and Araponga, and half-structured interviews with local leaders and members from the following non-governmental organizations: Esplar, Instituto SertÃo, Catavento ComunicaÃÃo e EducaÃÃo Ambiental, CÃritas Regional, and CÃritas Diocesana de Itapipoca.Communities and entities were selected according to the schedule defined for the research, covering the pilot and transition phases of P1MC. The criteria of the number of cisterns built by the community, and of radio station. The theoretical framework was composed around three concepts: complexity, sustainable development and comunication so, the scientific cathegories of era of relationships, environmental rationality, environmental knowledge and cultural mediations were explored. The conclusion is that the P1MC, in its pilot and transition phases, is only the beginning of a process that will requires more time to its maturation. There are limitations and challenges to be won. The sustainability of the perspective of living together with and within the Brazilian semiarid tropiocs, stated by P1MC, depends directly on the pledge of the families. This, what is needed are not only objective actions of cisterns building but, mainly, the absorption of subjetive aspects of the program.

DIAS, Ana Valéria Feitosa. Complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentável, comunicação - o Programa um Milhão de Cisternas em comunidades do Ceará. 2004. 200 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Coordenação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2004. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T14:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia(demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T14:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T14:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / This study investigates the “A Million Cisterns Program” (P1MC), considering aspects of comunication and sustainability at the community of Livramento, municipality of Irauçuba, and the communitity of Araponga, municipality of Itapipoca. A field survey was carried out at both communities, consisting of oriented interviews with 31 famílies from Livramento and Araponga, and half-structured interviews with local leaders and members from the following non-governmental organizations: Esplar, Instituto Sertão, Catavento Comunicação e Educação Ambiental, Cáritas Regional, and Cáritas Diocesana de Itapipoca.Communities and entities were selected according to the schedule defined for the research, covering the pilot and transition phases of P1MC. The criteria of the number of cisterns built by the community, and of radio station. The theoretical framework was composed around three concepts: complexity, sustainable development and comunication so, the scientific cathegories of era of relationships, environmental rationality, environmental knowledge and cultural mediations were explored. The conclusion is that the P1MC, in its pilot and transition phases, is only the beginning of a process that will requires more time to its maturation. There are limitations and challenges to be won. The sustainability of the perspective of living together with and within the Brazilian semiarid tropiocs, stated by P1MC, depends directly on the pledge of the families. This, what is needed are not only objective actions of cisterns building but, mainly, the absorption of subjetive aspects of the program. / Este estudo analisa o Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P!MC), considerando os aspectos da comunicação e da sustentabilidade nas comunidades de Livramento, Município de Irauçuba, e Araponga, Município de Itapipoca. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo nas duas comunidades, que constou da aplicação de entrevistas dirigidas com 31 famílias de Livramento e Araponga; e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com lideranças locais comunitárias e integrantes das organizações não governamentais (ONGs) Esplar, Instituto Sertão, Catavento Comunicação e Educação Ambiental, Cáritas Regional e Cáritas Diocesana de Itapipoca. A escolha das comunidades e das entidades foi em função do período definido para realização da pesquisa: as fases piloto e de transição do P1MC. Também obedeceu ao critério do número de cisternas construídas por comunidade e cobertura de emissoras de rádio. O marco teórico compôs-se das categorias complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentável e comunicação, e suas respectivas conceituações sobre era de relações, racionalidade ambiental, saber ambiental e mediações culturais. Concluiu-se que o P1MC, nas suas fases piloto e de transição, foi o início de um processo que deverá levar tempo para a maturação. Há limitações e desafios a vencer. A sustentabilidade da perspectiva de convivência com o Semi-árido, disseminada pelo P1MC, depende diretamente do nível de envolvimento das famílias, não só nas ações objetivas de construção das cisternas mas, principalmente, na apreensão dos aspectos subjetivos do programa.

Basée sur l’étude et la présentation précise de quatre sites cultuels situés dans le Massif Central que sont Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon et Tintignac, cette étude tente d’expliciter le développement architectural et fonctionnel des sanctuaires en Gaule du IIIe s. av. au IIIe s. apr. J.-C. Concentrée à la fois sur la forme, la fonction et l’organisation dans l’espace de l’ensemble des structures constitutives des lieux de culte, l’analyse s’appuie également sur les types de mobiliers et leur gestion. Afin de comprendre les phénomènes de romanisation des pratiques religieuses en Gaule et plus spécifiquement chez les Arvernes, les sanctuaires du Massif Central sont confrontés à plus d’une trentaine de sites cultuels répartis sur l’ensemble de la zone celte romanisée. / Based on the study of four sacred places (Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon and Tintignac) located in the French region of Massif Central, the purpose of this research is to analyse the architectural and functional development of the sacred areas in Gaul dating from the IIIrd century B.C to the IIIrd c. A.D. Focusing on shape, function and organization of the features, the analysis relies also on the different kind of artefacts and their management in the sacred area. The four sanctuaries of Massif Central are confronted to more than thirty other sacred places spread all over the Romanized Celtic zone in order to understand the romanisation of religious behaviours in Gaul and more precisely in the Arvernes area. / Basierend auf der Untersuchung und der Präsentation von vier Kultplätzen des Massif Central (Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon und Tintignac), ist der Zweck dieser Arbeit die architektonische und funktionale Entwicklung von Heiligtümern in Gallien vom 3. Jahrhundert vor Christus bis in das 3. Jahrhundert nach Christus darzustellen.Unter besonderer Beachtung stehen die Form und die Funktion der Befunde sowie deren Organisation im Raum. Die Analyse basiert auf verschiedenen Fundgattungen und deren Behandlung.Um die Romanisierung des religiösen Verhaltens in Gallien, bzw. im Territorium der Arverner besser zu verstehen, wurden mehr als 30 weitere Heiligtümer aus dem romanisierten keltischen Gebiet den Heiligtümern aus dem Massif Central gegenübergestellt.

Ein bezüglich Datenakquisition und Nachverarbeitung optimiertes Visualisie-rungsprotokoll zur dreidimensionalen Darstellung der Hirnnerven V-VIII im Be-reich der basalen Zisternen wird vorgestellt. Auf der Basis von hochauflösen-den MRT Daten und unter Verwendung der Volume-Rendering-Technik entstanden insgesamt 10 Standardansichten der genannten Hirnnerven, die deren vollständige und zeiteffektive intrazisternale Abbildung mit besonderer Beachtung pathophysiologisch relevanter Zonen ermöglichen. Das Protokoll zeigte in der Evaluation an Patienten mit neurovaskulären Konflikten und an-deren neuralen Kompressionssyndromen im Bereich des Kleinhirnbrücken-winkels seine Eignung bezüglich Bildqualität und diagnostischer Wertigkeit. Probleme traten vor allem aufgrund von Pulsations- und Bewegungsartefakten im akquirierten MRT-Datensatz, sowie zu enger Zisternen auf der Höhe der virtuellen Kameraposition auf. Diese ließen sich in den meisten Fällen jedoch durch leichte Parametervariationen beheben. Zur genauen Identifikation der Gefäße und zur Vermeidung der Weitergabe von Fehlzuordnungen war zu-sätzlich zu den Rekonstruktionen die Betrachtung des Originaldatensatzes er-forderlich. Die Nachverfolgung der mit dem beschriebenen Protokoll virtuell zisternoskopisch untersuchten Patienten ergab bei der weit überwiegenden Zahl der verfolgbaren Patienten Konsequenzen hinsichtlich Diagnose und/oder Therapie. Die Korrelation mit intraoperativen Befunden konnte nur bei zwei Patienten mit Akustikusneurinomen erfolgen, wobei hier eine Über-einstimmung festgestellt werden konnte. Ursache für die nur geringe Zahl der zur Verfügung stehenden intraoperativen Befunde ist die lange Latenz zwi-schen Bildgebung und neurochirurgischer Intervention bei neurovaskulären Konflikten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen dass die virtuelle Zister-noskopie nach dem vorgestellten Protokoll eine komplementäre Bildgebungs-technik ist, die wichtige räumliche Informationen zu neurovaskulären Interakti-onen in den basalen Zisternen liefert. Weitere Untersuchungen, insbesondere die intraoperative Befundkorrelation, sind jedoch erforderlich. / The following thesis presents a protocol for the three-dimensional visualization of the cranial nerves V-VIII within the basal cisterns, being optimized with regard to data acquisition and postprocessing. Based on high resolution MRI datasets and using the volume rendering technique, 10 standardized views of the aforementioned cranial nerves were developed. Thus, the complete and time effective intracisternal depiction was intended to be made possible, focussing on pathophysiological important areas of the nerves. The protocol showed its suitability concerning image quality and diagnostic value in evaluation of patients with neurovascular conflicts or other neural compression syndromes in the cerebello-pontine angle. Problems mainly occurred as a result of pulsation and motion artefacts in the MR dataset and narrow cisterns in the level of the virtual camera position. In most cases they could be solved by slight variations of the postprocessing parameters. To guaranty the correct identification of the vessels and to avoid the risk of giving incorrectly assigned anatomic information to subsequent readers, the additional inspection of original dataset is necessary. In the follow up of the examined patients consequences in diagnosis and/or therapy were found in the most cases. The correlation of the virtual cisternoscopic images with the intraoperative results could only be performed in two patients with acoustic neuromas and was successful. The reason for the small amount of available intraoperative results is the latency between imaging and neurosurgical intervention in neurovascular conflicts. Concluding the virtual cisternoscopy following the introduced protocol is a complementary imaging technique that provides important spatial information about neurovascular interactions within the basal cisterns. Yet further investigations, especially the intraoperative correlation of the results, are necessary.

The thrust of this thesis proceeds from two main presuppositions. The first is that the Old Testament wisdom books are generally ignored or not given enough attention in the studies about water and water-related phenomena. The second is that the romantic perspective on elements of the natural world is dominant in eco-theological studies. To highlight this twofold problem, a sample survey into the works of the scholarly biblical dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles as well as ecotheological studies is offered in the second chapter of this thesis. In an attempt to (partly) address this problem, this study argues that, firstly, despite a scarcity of scholarly interest in water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, this body of literature contains a rich variety of references to water and water-related phenomena. Secondly, it is shown in this study that an overly-romantic view of nature does not do justice to the richness, complexity, and variety of portrayals of elements of nature in the texts themselves. In this sense, this study aims at retrieving ecological wisdom from particular texts that give voice to both the life-giving and life-threatening potential of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books. The exploration is facilitated by elements of the historical-critical and literary approaches through an ecological framework informed by four of the six eco-justice principles of the Earth Bible Project. The thesis suggests that scholars who attempt ecological readings of the Bible will gain more if they also take less favoured texts into consideration. The exploration of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, therefore, goes beyond what studies on water or water-related phenomena have hitherto done. Furthermore, a study on both aspects of water as a life-giving and life-threatening entity demonstrates that an eco-friendly view of nature does not do justice to the biblical texts themselves. This will be seen through the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)

The thrust of this thesis proceeds from two main presuppositions. The first is that the Old Testament wisdom books are generally ignored or not given enough attention in the studies about water and water-related phenomena. The second is that the romantic perspective on elements of the natural world is dominant in eco-theological studies. To highlight this twofold problem, a sample survey into the works of the scholarly biblical dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles as well as ecotheological studies is offered in the second chapter of this thesis. In an attempt to (partly) address this problem, this study argues that, firstly, despite a scarcity of scholarly interest in water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, this body of literature contains a rich variety of references to water and water-related phenomena. Secondly, it is shown in this study that an overly-romantic view of nature does not do justice to the richness, complexity, and variety of portrayals of elements of nature in the texts themselves. In this sense, this study aims at retrieving ecological wisdom from particular texts that give voice to both the life-giving and life-threatening potential of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books. The exploration is facilitated by elements of the historical-critical and literary approaches through an ecological framework informed by four of the six eco-justice principles of the Earth Bible Project. The thesis suggests that scholars who attempt ecological readings of the Bible will gain more if they also take less favoured texts into consideration. The exploration of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, therefore, goes beyond what studies on water or water-related phenomena have hitherto done. Furthermore, a study on both aspects of water as a life-giving and life-threatening entity demonstrates that an eco-friendly view of nature does not do justice to the biblical texts themselves. This will be seen through the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)