This is a short correspondence paper that tries to use citation analysis to compare research productivities in the sciences among different countries. It draws data from the Science Citation Index. It finds that over two decades the number of research papers has risen in other countries, but it has decreased in India.

This is a preprint of a paper published in Raghavan, K.S. and Prasad, K.N. (Editors). Assisted by S.K. Lalitha. Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Prof. A. Neelameghan festschrift. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications for Ranganathan Centre for Information Studies, 2006. (pages 89 â 110). Abstract: Objective: The objective of this citation study is to understand the use and influence of the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ in Geographic Information Science (GIS) as part of a larger goal to distinguish information science from information technology. Methods: Articles with pre-selected descriptors that represented the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ within GIS were selected from GeoRef and validated in ISI indexes. Bibliographic coupling and content analysis of the article titles were used to draw clusters and understand the influence of the concept of controlled vocabularies in other discipline such as the geosciences. Results and Conclusion: The results from this analysis provide one perspective of the LIS sub-domain of â controlled vocabulariesâ as represented in GeoRef and used in the context of GIS research and scholarship. Findings are used to suggest future research directions to address issues related to better understanding of the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ and the provision of knowledge organization tools that will promote interdisciplinary understanding. The creation of special, more-finely grained in-depth classifications and thesauri for the concept itself, namely, â controlled vocabularyâ is recommended.

India and China lead the world in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), accounting for 23% and 17% respectively, of the global burden of the disease and hold the 15th and the 18th positions in terms of incidence per 100,000 population. But India accounts for only about 5â 6% of the worldâ s research output in this area and China a paltry 1% as seen from papers indexed in three international databases, viz. PubMed, Science Citation Index and Biochemistry and Biophysics Citation Index over the ten-year period 1990â 1999. Thus there is a tremendous mismatch between the share of the burden of the disease and share of research efforts. Is such mismatch acceptable? It raises the question â should resource-poor countries invest in research or should they depend on research performed elsewhere and invest their meagre resources predominantly in health-care measures?â We argue that both India and China should invest much more in research than they do. We have also mapped TB research in the two countries and identified institutions and cities active in research, journals used to publish the findings, use of high impact journals, impact of their research as seen from citations received and extent of international collaboration. Although China performs much less research than India and its work is quoted much less often, it seems to have done far better than India in health-care delivery in TB. Perhaps the Chinese are better able to translate know-how into do-how than the Indians.

The status of Information Systems (IS) as a discipline has been widely debated as a body of knowledge that offers a number of concepts, methods and techniques to understand and improve the roles of information communication systems and technologies in organizations. Current state of this debate as reported in academic journals signals an imperative to ground some of the perspectives in relation to what IS professionals use in practice in different cultural and geographical contexts. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by tracing the unfolding of information systems as a body of knowledge using the ideas of Abbott on disciplines. We use three different stages of a discipline's development: differentiation, conflict and absorption and map them using a citation and co-citation analyses of two main IS journals (EJIS and MISQ) in the period between 1995 and 2008. Our results indicate that dominant ideas and models to investigate IS phenomena emerged over time are behavioural based and study IS adoption/acceptance/rejection in organisations, many of which are predictive and thus lending themselves usable for positivistic quantitative and qualitative research. There are however stable varieties within IS building on interpretivism and constructivism that we need to recognise and reignite in order to ensure that this field continues moving forward, in particular in studying current and future processes of innovation and diffusion of technology worldwide. (author's abstract)

Bibliometry; Citation analysis; Vectorials Spaces Model (VSM); Multidimensional Scaling (MDS); Mapping of Science; Contemporany History / The spatial perfomance of the relationships there are among researchers in Contemporany History of Jaén for 1990-1995 through their behaviour in citing process is the objetive of this work. Through reference analysis bases on Vectorial Spaces Model (VSM) and displayed in a graphic thanks to Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) are obtained results about research fronts, who lead them, who made up them, and the "disciple/master" relationships there are among researchers.

This is a correspondence on "Science in India" which was written by R. P. Gupta in the same issue of Current Science. In responding to Gupta's idea to "use citations per paper in addition to the number of papers published by a country," Arunachalam argues that the citations to all papers from these countries are more important. Compares the rates of total papers, total citations, as well as "citations per paper", trying to showing which index is more meaningful for conveying research significance.

Pioneers are those who, in some way, lead their peers to new destinations. In the evolution of a domain, the pioneers might very well be those who have followed a theoretical principle in some particularly ardent manner, thus leading the rest of the domain toward an evolving research front. The present paper is an attempt to use the tools of domain analysis to diachronically analyze the domain of knowledge organization as it is evolving in North America. That is we use bibliometric tools to identify the axes that define North American knowledge organization and its scientists, who are its pioneers. The evolution of a North American chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) marks a growth in coherence of a long active research area. An interesting research question is: what are the characteristics of North American scholarship in knowledge organization? Author co-citation analysis of North American authors whose work appeared in the journal Knowledge Organization is contrasted with author co-citation analysis of authors from outside North America. North American leaders are clearly identified, and some themesâ such as knowledge organization onlineâ that are emergent topics in North America are identified.

This article talks about issues related to both the quality and the quantity of science and science journals in India. It argues that different citation analyses will result in varied conclusions. It also compares such indices between India and China.

This report identifies and analyzes the science and technology core competencies of China. The first part of the study was performed in the 2003-2004 time frame, and analyzes databases containing 2000-2003 data for China. The second part of the report was sponsored in part by ONR Global, and contains an analysis of 2005 data from China. For the first part of the study, aggregate China publication and citation bibliometrics were obtained, and manual and statistical taxonomies were generated. The manual taxonomy was based on reading a random sample of ten percent of all China records retrieved, and included many manually-assigned attributes for each record. The statistical taxonomies were based on both word/ phrase clustering and document clustering. For the second part of the study, one hierarchical research taxonomy, based on document clustering, was generated. The second hierarchical level of this research taxonomy for 2005 records contains four categories: 1) chemistry (5841 records); 2) physics/ materials (13966 records); 3) mathematics (7162 records); life sciences (7377 records). The physics/ materials category has almost three times as many records as the chemistry category, and twice the records of the mathematics category. Detailed analysis of the taxonomy allowed four representative technical topics to be identified (nanotechnology; genetics; alloys; crops), and bibliometrics analysis was performed for each topic. Use of bibliometrics (e.g., key researchers, Centers of Excellence, core journals) allowed the infrastructure of these technical areas to be identified. Two unique approaches were developed to compare characteristics of Chinaâ s science and technology output with that of other countries. First, a novel method was used to compare the impact/ quality of all of Chinaâ s research with that of two other countries, India and Australia. Second, a unique approach was used to compare Chinaâ s research investment emphases/ strategy relative to that of the USA. Chinaâ s output of research articles has expanded dramatically in the last decade. In terms of sheer numbers of research articles, especially in critical technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, energetic materials), it is among the leaders. In terms of citation impact, it was higher than India in all major categories (e.g., Physical, Environmental, Materials, and Life Sciences), but was lower than Australia in all these major categories. In terms of investment strategy relative to that of the USA, China is investing more heavily in the hard science areas that underpin modern defense and commercial activities, whereas the USA is investing more heavily in the medical, psychological, and social problem (e.g., drug use) science areas that underpin improvement of individual health and comfort.

Mathematics research in India, as reflected by papers indexed in Mathsci 1998, is quantified and mapped. Wherever possible, the findings are compared with mathematics research in India in 1994. Overall, compared to 1994, there were 30% fewer publications from India in 1998 - from 1391 in 1994 to 971 in 1998. Of these, 864 papers had appeared in 273 journals published from 3 countries. Among subfields, Quantum theory topped the list with 14 papers, followed by Statistics 85 papers; Economics, operations research, programming, games 55 papers; Fluid mechanics 45 papers; and Relativity and gravitational theory 45 papers. In all, researchers from 143 institutions located in 89 Indian cities/ towns belonging to 21 states/union territories had contributed at least one paper in 1998. ISI, Calcutta, leads the list with 65 papers, followed by TIFR, Mumbai (62 papers), IISc, Bangalore (49 papers), and Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai (41 papers). The decline is steep in Uttar Pradesh and to a certain extent Delhi. A welcome improvement is the considerable decrease in the number of papers published in lowimpact journals. There seems to be an attempt on the part of Indian mathematicians to publish their work in SCI/-indexed high impact journals. Even so, only a very small percent of papers has appeared in high impact factor journals. There is also a flight away from Indian journals. In ten subfields, including Statistics, Special functions, General topology, and Functions of a complex variable, India publishes more than twice the number of papers expected from the world average. Every third paper from India has resulted from inter-institutional collaboration; 212 papers (about 23%) have resulted from international collaboration. This report was prepared by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation and was submitted to NISSAT, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research Government of India, New Delhi in October 2001.