This study of the diffusion and evolution of the 311 innovation in the form of citizen service centers and as a technology cluster has been designed to help identify the catalysts for the spread of government-to-citizen (G2C) technology in local government in order to better position future G2C technology for a more rapid rate of adoption. The 311 non-emergency number was first established in 1996 and had spread to 80 local governments across the United States by 2012. This dissertation examines: what factors contributed to the adoption of 311 in American local governments over 100,000 in population; how did the innovation diffuse and evolve over time; and why did some governments' communications with citizens became more advanced than others? Given the problem of determining causality, a three-part research design was used to examine the topic including a historical narrative, logistic regression model, and case studies from Pittsburgh, Minneapolis and St. Louis. The narrative found that the political forces of the federal government, national organizations, and policy entrepreneurs (Karch, 2007) promoted the 311 innovation to solve different problems and that it evolved beyond its original intent. The logistic regression model found that there was a statistically significant relationship between 311 adoption and the variables of higher population, violent crime rate, and the mayor-council form of government. The case studies revealed that mayors played a strong role in establishing citizen service centers in all three cities while 311 adopter Pittsburgh and non-adopter St. Louis seemed to have more in common in their G2C evolution due to severe budget constraints. With little written about the 311 innovation in academic journals, practitioners and scholars will benefit from understanding the catalysts for the diffusion and evolution of the 311 in order to determine ways to increase the rate of adoption for future G2C communication innovations. / Ph. D.

En el presente proyecto de tesis se desarrolló una propuesta de software para la “Defensoría del Pueblo” que es un organismo autónomo encargado de defender los derechos fundamentales, supervisar los deberes de la administración estatal y la eficiencia en la prestación de servicios públicos a nivel nacional. En la actualidad, ante la coyuntura de la emergencia sanitaria y la cuarentena obligatoria gran parte de la atención a los ciudadanos se realiza de manera remota con asesoramiento a distancia, la organización se ha planteado aplicar la Transformación Digital en gran parte de sus procesos para facilitar la atención a los ciudadanos de manera automatizada y en tiempo real. Se ha detectado que existe la perdida de información de los plazos de las sentencias, la información de los casos se encuentra descentralizada y existe demora en las consultas en el sistema del Poder Judicial. Este proyecto optimiza el proceso de “Seguimientos de Procesos Jurídicos” automatizando las actividades para que sean eficientes, lo cual permite aumentar la atención de los casos dentro de los plazos mediante una solución web, repositorio de base de datos centralizada y la utilización de notificaciones push para alertar a los asesores de la emisión de sentencias. Con los prototipos presentados a la organización permitirá proyectarse en la navegación del sistema y de interfaz amigable e intuitiva, asimismo, las comunicaciones con sistemas externos se realizarán por medio de API de servicios; esto beneficiará a la organización y estará alineado al objetivo estratégico de “Modernización de la Gestión Institucional”. / In this thesis project, a software proposal was developed for the “Defensoría del Pueblo” which is an autonomous entity in charge of defending fundamental rights, supervising the state administration´s duties, and the efficiency in the provision of public services at the national level. Nowadays, given the situation of the health emergency and the mandatory quarantine, much part of the attention to citizens is carried out remotely with distance advice, the organization has considered applying Digital Transformation most part of its processes to facilitate the attention to the citizens in an automated way and real-time. It has been detected that there is an information loss on the terms of judgments, the information of cases is decentralized, and exists a delay of consultations in the Judicial Power system. This project optimizes the process of "Legal processes follow-up" automating activities to be efficient, which allows increasing the attention of cases within the deadlines through a web solution, centralized database repository, and the use of push notifications. to alert the assessors of judgments issuance. With the prototypes presented to the organization, it will allow to project itself in the navigation of the system and of a friendly and intuitive interface, also, communications with external systems will be carried out through API services; this will benefit the organization also it´ll be aligned with the strategic objective of "Modernization of Institutional Management". / Tesis