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Critical theory and school governance : advancing an argument for democratic citizenshipAdams, Faried 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / In this dissertation I critically explore school governance in relation to a liberal conception of deliberative democracy incorporating an argument for democratic citizenship. The notion of decentralisation and representative democracy informed collective decision making with the advent of South Africa’s constitutional democracy. This emphasis on participatory democracy aims to enhance nation building/citizenship as South Africa endeavours to sever its ties with its Apartheid past. Entrenched in the practice of representative democracy particularly in the context of schools is educational governance implemented through School Governing Bodies (SGBs). I argue that the legitimate learner and parent voices seem to be excluded from SGB practices – a notion which reinforces the presence of weak democratic practices.
My concern is that SGBs in disadvantaged communities do not necessarily adhere to the tenets of democracy as accentuated in the Constitution of South Africa, incorporating the Bill of Rights and the South African Schools Act (SASA of 1996). A weak form of democratic practice seems to manifest itself when the SASA and the implementation thereof are inconsistent with each other, resulting in school governance practices operating in a manner contrary to what the Act purports. The promotion of democracy customarily involves protecting the legitimate (individual and community) interests of all. It is in this context that this dissertation attempts to find a route towards stronger democratic practices, therefore endorsing some of the principles of the South African Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the SASA. I argue that SGB practices seem to undermine these legitimate interests thus posing a dilemma for democracy. In addition current SGBs do not seemingly establish conditions according to which deliberative democratic practices can be achieved. And, unless SGBs also connect deliberative practices with citizenship as well as to “experiencing what is Other”, it would remain weakly democratic. For deliberative practices to happen I propose that conditions ought to be established whereby reasonableness and the incorporation of “the Other”, that is, learners and parents need to be included through pedagogic attentiveness – what can epistemologically referred to as “witnessing the “unknowability of the Other”, can counter such a weak democracy. In other words by including the marginalised voices that are seemingly excluded from SGBs, the potential to move towards strong democratic practices shall be enhanced.
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Teacher development for religious and cultural diversity in citizenship education : a community of practice approachFerguson, Rene 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research focuses on teacher-learning for religious and cultural diversity. The background to the
study is associated with curriculum reforms in South Africa since democratization in 1994 and the
growing interest globally in the integration of Citizenship education and Religion education. In South
Africa, the new national curricula after 1994 introduced Life Orientation as a learning area / subject
which includes Citizenship education with Religion education as key focus areas. The outcomes
associated with these focus areas require school-based learners to demonstrate knowledge of
diversity, co-operative and communicative forms of democracy and commitment to the values
espoused in The Constitution. The question that arises in relation to the professional development of
teachers in this regard, concerns whether teachers have the professional knowledge base to ensure
that their learners acquire the knowledge and skills to enable them to participate as competent
citizens in a pluralist democracy. Consequently the large-scale transmissionist approaches to teacher
development that have dominated INSET programmes have been critiqued in this study for being
inadequate for learning the complexities associated with diversity, citizenship and democracy. This
study has hence advocated for teacher-learning through participation in communities of practice
which arguably provide appropriate learning conditions in which dialogue and critical reflection
characterise the interaction between teachers. On the grounds that South Africa’s social-political
history enforced the segregation of racial groups and privileged Christianity above other religions or
beliefs, a further argument is related to how this history has influenced teachers’ frames of reference
and whether teachers’ frames of reference continue to influence how Citizenship education is
approached in the classroom. Hence, the theoretical framework for this study has been formulated to
address the issue of teacher-learning for Citizenship education and Religion education (Citizenship
education/Religion education) and the extent to which the frames of reference of teachers influence
their approaches to democracy, values, citizenship and diversity. To this end two learning theory
perspectives have been explored, viz. Mezirow’s transformative learning theory (1991, 2000) and
communities of practice, as conceptualised by Wenger (1998, 2006b). The efficacy of the
communities of practice concept for teacher-learning for diversity was investigated against a
transformative learning theory background, using a mixed methods approach. A cross-sectional
survey was conducted amongst 60 secondary schools in the Gauteng province, followed by a phase
of participatory action research (PAR) with three teachers over a period of approximately eight
months. The survey questionnaire was designed to determine the perspectives of a sample of Life
Orientation teachers towards learning and teaching religious and cultural diversity in Life Orientation.
The findings were used to inform the action research process which in turn drew attention to the
significance of the community of practice concept for assisting teachers to generate content
knowledge for Citizenship education/Religion education from an inclusive and constructivist
perspective. The findings of the survey questionnaire indicated that the majority of the teachers in the
sample were not opposed to including religious diversity in their Life Orientation classes despite not
having backgrounds in Religious Studies or meaningful in-service training. The PAR findings indicate
the value of engagement by teachers in a community of practice for creating and acquiring
appropriate content knowledge and for critical reflection on the meaning and application of democratic
and personal values for Citizenship education/Religion education. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsprojek fokus op onderwyser-leer ter bevordering van religieuse en kulturele
diversiteit. Die agtergrond van hierdie studie is enersyds kurrikulumhervorming in Suid-Afrika sedert
demokratisering in 1994 en andersyds die groeiende, wêreldwye belangstelling in die integrasie van
Burgerskapopvoeding (Citizenship Education) en Religieuse-onderrig (Religion Education).
Lewensoriëntering as ‘n leerarea/vak wat Burgerskapopvoeding en Religieuse-onderrig as primêre
fokus insluit, is na 1994 as deel van die nuwe nasionale kurrikulum in Suid-Afrika bekendgestel. Die
leeruitkomste van hierdie fokus vereis dat leerders kennis moet demonstreer rakende: diversiteit,
samewerkende- en kommunikatiewe vorms van demokrasie en die verbintenis tot die waardes soos in
die Grondwet vervat. Die vraag word gestel of die professionele ontwikkeling van onderwysers die
nodige professionele kennisbasis bied wat kan verseker dat leerders wel kennis en vaardighede
verwerf wat hulle in staat sal stel om bevoegde burgers te wees om aan ‘n pluralistiese demokrasie
deel te neem. In hierdie studie word die transmissionistiese benaderings (transmissionist approaches)
wat die indiensonderwysersopleiding (INSET) gedomineer het, krities ondersoek en bevraagteken ook
hierdie benadering vir die onderrig-leer van kompleksiteite soos diversiteit, burgerskap en demokrasie.
In hierdie studie word onderwyser-leer by wyse van deelname aan “gemeenskappe van praktyk”
(communities of practice) onderskryf hoofsaaklik weens die moontlikhede wat hierdie benadering bied
om gepaste leeromstandighede te skep waar onderwysers se interaksie deur dialoog en kritiese
refleksie en terugskouing gekenmerk word. In die lig van Suid-Afrika se sosio-politiese geskiedenis
waartydens die segregasie van rassegroepe afgedwing is en Christendom bo ander religieë of
geloofsoortuigings bevoorreg was, word kritiese argumente gevoer rondom die invloed van hierdie
geskiedenis op onderwysers se verwysingsraamwerke en hoe hierdie betrokke verwysingsraamwerke
onderwysers se benadering tot Burgerskapopvoeding beïnvloed het. In die teoretiese raamwerk van
hierdie studie word die grondliggende kwessies en diskoerse van onderwyser-leer vir
Burgerskapopvoeding en Religieuse-onderrig (Burgerskapopvoeding/ Religieuse-onderrig) ondersoek
asook die mate waarop die verwysingsraamwerke van onderwysers hulle onderrigbenaderinge tot
demokrasie, waardes, burgerskap en diversiteit beïnvloed het. Die twee leerteorieë en perspektiewe
van Mezirow se Transformatiewe Leerteorie (1991, 2000) en “gemeenskappe van praktyk”, soos deur
Wenger (1998, 2006b) gekonseptualiseer is, word as vertrekpunte geneem. Die effektiwiteit van die
konsep “gemeenskappe van praktyk” vir onderwys-leer in belang van diversiteit, word ondersoek teen
die agtergrond van ‘n transformatiewe leerteorie deur gebruik te maak van ‘n gemengde-metodesbenadering
(mixed methods approach). ‘n Deursnee-opname is aan 60 sekondêre skole in die
Gauteng provinsie gedoen, gevolg deur ‘n fase van Deelnemende-Aksienavorsing met drie
onderwysers oor ‘n tydperk van ongeveer agt maande. Die vraelys vir die opname is sodanig ontwerp
dat ‘n steekproef Lewensoriënteringonderwysers se perspektiewe van onderrig-leer van religieuse en
kulturele diversiteit in Lewensoriëntering bepaal kon word. Hierdie bevindinge is vir die
aksienavorsingsfase gebruik wat die aandag gefokus het op die belangrikheid van “gemeenskappe
van praktyk” as ‘n konsep wat onderwysers kan help om inhoudskennis vir
Burgerskapopvoeding/Religieuse-onderrig vanuit ‘n inklusiewe en konstruktiewe benadering te
genereer. Die bevindinge van die vraelysopname toon dat die meerderheid van die onderwysers, wat
deel was van die steekproef, nie gekant is teen die insluiting van religieuse diversiteit in
Lewensoriënteringsklasse nie ten spyte van die feit dat hulle geen agtergrond in Religieuse-onderrig
of enige ander betekenisvolle indiensopleiding ontvang het nie. Die bevindings van die Deelnemende–
Aksienavorsingsproses bewys die waarde van onderwyserbetrokkenheid in “gemeenskappe van
praktyk” om inhoudskennis te verwerf en krities na te dink oor die betekenis en toepassings van
demokratiese en persoonlike waardes vir Burgerskapopvoeding/Religieuse-onderrig.
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Democratic citizenship education and the university in a cosmopolitan worldPieterse, Helette Mari 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEd (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores the role and responsibility of the university in educating students to be democratic citizens in a cosmopolitan world, with specific reference to South African higher education, and Stellenbosch University in particular. Recent changes in the world, such as globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy, has brought into question the role of the university, and some argue that the university in the 21st century is no more than another bureaucratic corporation with its business being providing the necessary knowledge and skills for students to become adequately equipped professionals. However, this thesis argues that universities in the 21st century do not only have the responsibility of training students to be competent professionals, but also of equipping them with the necessary skills to be responsible citizens in a democratic society.
In this thesis, a theoretical framework is constructed in order to better understand the concept of democratic citizenship for a cosmopolitan world, and what such an education would entail, where after the South African Higher Education landscape is explored to gain an understanding of the institutional landscape and legislative and policy framework within which South African universities are situated. The final part of the thesis focuses on Stellenbosch University and the extent to which democratic citizenship education for a cosmopolitan world is encouraged and supported at an institutional level.
The ultimate conclusion that Stellenbosch University is committed to the education of students towards democratic citizenship for a cosmopolitan world, at least as far as policy and planning documents are concerned, however raises further questions - amongst others about the transformation of the institutional culture. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die rol en verantwoordelikheid van die universiteit in die opvoeding van studente tot demokratiese burgerskap in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld, met spesifieke verwysing na Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwys en meer bepaald studente aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Onlangse wêreldwye tendense soos globalisering en die opkoms van 'n kennis-ekonomie plaas noodwendig die rol van die universiteit onder die soeklig. Daar is diegene wat argumenteer dat die universiteit van die 21ste eeu niks anders is as nog 'n burokratiese korporatiewe instelling nie. Die besigheid van so 'n instelling, word geargumenteer, is die voorsiening van die nodige kennis en vaardighede ten einde studente voldoende toe te rus as professionele persone. Daarteenoor is die argument van hierdie tesis dat universiteite in die 21ste eeu nie net die verantwoordelikheid het om studente op te lei tot bevoegde professionele persone nie, maar ook om hulle toe te rus met die nodige vaardighede om verantwoordelike burgers te wees in 'n demokratiese samelewing.
'n Teoretiese raamwerk is ontwikkel ten einde die konsep 'demokratiese burgerskap' in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld en wat dit behels, beter toe te lig. Vervolgens is die Suid Afrikaanse hoëronderwyslandskap ondersoek ten einde 'n begrip te verkry van die institusionele landskap sowel as die wetgewende en beleidsraamwerke waarbinne Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite hul bevind. Ten slotte fokus die tesis op die Universiteit Stellenbosch en die mate waartoe die instelling opvoeding tot demokratiese burgerskap vir 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld op 'n institusionele vlak aanmoedig en ondersteun.
Die uiteindelike gevolgtrekking dat die Universiteit Stellenbosch wel verbind is tot die opleiding van studente tot demokratiese burgerskap in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld, ten minste soos vervat in beleids- en beplanningsdokumente, lei egter tot verdere vrae oor onder meer die transformasie van die institusionele kultuur.
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An exploration of teachers' perceptions of democratic school governance in Namibia and its contribution to school disciplineSinalumbu, Fred S. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study explores the perceptions
of
Namibian
teachers
of
democratic
school
governance
and
its
contribution
to
school
discipline.
The
research
examines
the
education
policy
shifts
towards
democratic
school
governance
from
before
to
after
1990.
The
study
further
investigates
the
views
of
twelve
teachers
from
four
secondary
schools
in
the
Oshana
education
region
on
how
democratic
school
governance
can
contribute
to
lack
of
discipline
among
learners.
The
study
exposes
how
learner
representation
on
the
school
board
and
their
participation
in
the
discussions
during
meetings
is
experienced.
The
study
also
discusses
how
learners
who
are
elected
to
serve
on
the
school
board
are
accountable
to
other
learners
who
have
elected
them.
The
study
shows
the
link
between
democratic
school
governance
and
school
discipline,
internationally,
nationally
and
locally.
Finally,
given
the
exploratory
nature
of
the
study,
some
issues
that
warrant
further
investigation
to
add
to
the
existing
knowledge
are
highlighted. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie
navorsingsverslag
ondersoek
die
persepsies
van
Namibiese
onderwysers
met
betrekking
tot
demokratiese
skool
bestuur
en
die
bestuur
bydrae
tot
skool
disipline.
Verder
word
die
opvoedkundige
riglyne
vir
demokratiese
skoolbestuur
voor
en
na
1990
ondersoek
en
die
indrukke
van
twaalf
onderwysers
van
vier
sekondêre
skole
in
die
Oshana
Onderwysdistrik
met
betrekking
tot
die
bydrae
van
‘n
demokraties
verkose
skoolbestuur
tot
‘n
gebrek
aan
dissipline
onder
leerlinge
word
bespreek
Hoe
leerlingverteenwoordiging
op
die
skoolraad
en
leerlinge
se
bydrae
tot
besprekings
gedurende
vergaderings
ervaar
word,
sowel
as
hoe
leerlinge
wat
gekies
is
om
op
die
skoolraad
te
dien
aan
die
leerlinge
wat
hulle
verkies
het,
verslag
doen,
word
ook
oorweeg.
Die
verband
tussen
‘n
demokratiese
skoolbestuur
en
skooldissipline
op
internasionale,
nasionale
en
plaaslike
vlak
word
getoon,
Weens
die
ondersoekende
aard
van
die
studie
word
kwessies
laastens
uitgelig
vir
verdere
ondersoek
om
sodat
meer
inligting
by
die
reeds
bestaande
kennis
gevoeg
kan
word.
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Developing democratic virtues: priorities and practices of selected secondary educators in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area.Afrika, Nthabiseng January 2005 (has links)
Recent political changes in South Africa emphasize democracy and the role of schools in promoting democratic virtues. The importance of schools responsibility in developing democratic virtues is also internationally recognized, although different authors
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Developing democratic virtues: priorities and practices OF SELECTED SECONDARY EDUCATORS IN THE CAPE TOWN METROPOLITAN AREA.Afrika, Nthabiseng January 2005 (has links)
Recent political changes in South Africa emphasize democracy and the role of schools in promoting democratic virtues. The importance of schools&rsquo / responsibility in developing democratic virtues is also internationally recognized, although different a
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Nurturing democratic virtues: a case study of a primary school in KhayelitshaSijula, Thembekile Faith January 2005 (has links)
The study sought to explore the priorities and practices of educators with regard to the mediation of moral qualities/democratic virtues related to education for citizenship by means of a case study in one school. In South Africa educators are regarded as among the stakeholders responsible for the mediation of values and morals in children and youth so that they will be effective citizens of democracy. Hence the school is seen as an important context in which this could take place. Citizenship education usually contains a moral element. Practices of moral development generally draw on the work of Kohlberg, which is linked to a Piagetian understanding of development. Vygotsky&rsquo / s approach focuses on the contribution that the context has on cognitive<br />
development and suggests that this may also be important for moral development. However there is little evidence available concerning the effectiveness of specific interventions. Two groups of educators and one group of learners were interviewed.<br />
Educators were asked what moral qualities/democratic virtues they regarded as important to nurture in the learners at this school and what they did to nurture these virtues. Learners were also asked the same question and what they saw their educators doing in order to mediate these moral qualities/democratic virtues. Any constraints and successes were explored together with what educators thought could be done to improve the situation. The theoretical understanding of the research was constructivist and it followed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Before the research was undertaken permission was sought from the Western Cape Education Department and the study was conducted following the guidelines for ethical research set by the American Psychological Association. The main priorities that emerged as moral qualities/ democratic virtues that educators thought were important to nurture, were accountability, respect, and commitment to &ldquo / being good.&rdquo / Socially desirable behaviours that were highlighted were the following: economic initiative, citizenship, and politeness and consideration. Cognitive qualities that they thought were important to nurture were the following: open mindedness, literacy, and numeracy. There were also skills that the educators thought were important to nurture in their learners which did not seem to have a moral dimension. The main practices mentioned were: modelling, active instruction and discussion, and discipline. Educators highlighted the importance of consistency throughout the school. Constraints mentioned were the following: lack of discipline, socio-economic factors, and lack of parental involvement. Supportive factors mentioned were parental support, and consistency and collaboration.
|
58 |
Developing democratic virtues: priorities and practices of selected secondary educators in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area.Afrika, Nthabiseng January 2005 (has links)
Recent political changes in South Africa emphasize democracy and the role of schools in promoting democratic virtues. The importance of schools responsibility in developing democratic virtues is also internationally recognized, although different authors
|
59 |
Developing democratic virtues: priorities and practices OF SELECTED SECONDARY EDUCATORS IN THE CAPE TOWN METROPOLITAN AREA.Afrika, Nthabiseng January 2005 (has links)
Recent political changes in South Africa emphasize democracy and the role of schools in promoting democratic virtues. The importance of schools&rsquo / responsibility in developing democratic virtues is also internationally recognized, although different a
|
60 |
Nurturing democratic virtues: a case study of a primary school in KhayelitshaSijula, Thembekile Faith January 2005 (has links)
The study sought to explore the priorities and practices of educators with regard to the mediation of moral qualities/democratic virtues related to education for citizenship by means of a case study in one school. In South Africa educators are regarded as among the stakeholders responsible for the mediation of values and morals in children and youth so that they will be effective citizens of democracy. Hence the school is seen as an important context in which this could take place. Citizenship education usually contains a moral element. Practices of moral development generally draw on the work of Kohlberg, which is linked to a Piagetian understanding of development. Vygotsky&rsquo / s approach focuses on the contribution that the context has on cognitive<br />
development and suggests that this may also be important for moral development. However there is little evidence available concerning the effectiveness of specific interventions. Two groups of educators and one group of learners were interviewed.<br />
Educators were asked what moral qualities/democratic virtues they regarded as important to nurture in the learners at this school and what they did to nurture these virtues. Learners were also asked the same question and what they saw their educators doing in order to mediate these moral qualities/democratic virtues. Any constraints and successes were explored together with what educators thought could be done to improve the situation. The theoretical understanding of the research was constructivist and it followed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Before the research was undertaken permission was sought from the Western Cape Education Department and the study was conducted following the guidelines for ethical research set by the American Psychological Association. The main priorities that emerged as moral qualities/ democratic virtues that educators thought were important to nurture, were accountability, respect, and commitment to &ldquo / being good.&rdquo / Socially desirable behaviours that were highlighted were the following: economic initiative, citizenship, and politeness and consideration. Cognitive qualities that they thought were important to nurture were the following: open mindedness, literacy, and numeracy. There were also skills that the educators thought were important to nurture in their learners which did not seem to have a moral dimension. The main practices mentioned were: modelling, active instruction and discussion, and discipline. Educators highlighted the importance of consistency throughout the school. Constraints mentioned were the following: lack of discipline, socio-economic factors, and lack of parental involvement. Supportive factors mentioned were parental support, and consistency and collaboration.
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