The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate various forms of living in couple in French legal system with regards to the principle of equality. The choice of France is not random considering the fact that French lawmaker has been regulating this field since late 1990's. The thesis centres on different aspects of living in couple that differ from each other and contribute to their unique identities. In addition, the thesis assesses the issue whether the French model could be a suitable inspiration to Czech lawmakers. This topical subject is influenced by sociology and therefore there must be taken into account homosexuality as a social phenomenon and evolution of its acceptance in French society. This thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The opening chapter discusses fundamental institution of family law, which is family itself, from historical and social perspectives. The second chapter focuses on long-lasting effort of French deputies and non-governmental organizations to adopt legal regulation for same-sex couples. The third chapter describes Civil Solidarity Act and cohabitation. Civil Solidarity Act, commonly known as PACS, is a form of civil union between to adults concluded in order to organise their joint life. Provisions regarding PACS were amended in 2006. Cohabitation reffers to unmarried...

Social rights of married couples and registered partners in Czech republic and in France Summary The purpose of the present thesis is to compare social rights of married couples and registered partners in each country in order to be able to compare French and Czech legal regulations. At first it was necessary to analyze forms of family living in both states so that one can gain insight into the legal status of such couples in society. Another question raised by the present study is the access of couples to parental rights. According to the impact that parenthood has on working life and family budget, it can truly be considered a social welfare issue. Firstly we analyze, in separate chapters, individual areas of social welfare law in Czech republic and in France so that we can later compare the two. The thesis centers on survivors' benefits, through an evaluation of their purpose and of the impact of exclusion of registered partners from the group of beneficiaries. The study also examines relevant contemporary jurisprudence, mainly cases before the European Court of Human Rights and European Court of Justice.

Le droit éprouve des difficultés à appréhender la notion de famille en raison d’une part, de l’absence de définition légale de cette notion et, d’autre part, de la diversité des situations familiales existantes. Cependant, la nécessité de garantir les droits familiaux des personnes impose la recherche de sa compréhension et de sa rationalisation. C’est en appréhendant la notion de famille en tant que notion indéterminée mais conceptuelle que cette thèse vise à identifier son élément irréductible, c'est-à-dire son unité conceptuelle. Pour ce faire, le juge judiciaire a été désigné comme l’observateur efficace de l’unité conceptuelle de la notion de famille et ce, en raison de la structure de l’acte juridictionnel par lequel il accomplit son office. Il sera donc démontré que, lorsque le juge décide de créer un lien familial ou de reconnaître en France un lien familial créé à l’étranger, il identifie l’unité conceptuelle de la notion de famille dans le concept de lien familial et met en évidence les éléments constitutifs de celui-ci, ainsi que la manière dont ils s’articulent. / The law finds it difficult to apprehend the notion of the family because, on the one hand, to the absence of legal definition of this term, and on the other hand, the diversity of existing family situations. However, the necessity of guaranteeing the family rights of the people imposes the research for its understanding and for its rationalization. It is by the apprehension of the notion of the family as an indefinite but abstract notion that this thesis aims to identifying its irreducible element, that is its conceptual unity. In order to do this, the judicial judge has been designated as the effective observer of the family notion's conceptual unity and it is true because of the structure of the jurisdictional act by which he achieves his duty. It will be shown that, when the judge decides to create a family bound or to recognize a family bound created abroad, he identifies the family notion's conceptual unity in the concept of family bound and highlights its constituent elements, as well as the way they are connected.

D’origine essentiellement religieuse, la répudiation est la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du mariage décidée par l’époux. En droit musulman, elle permet au mari de mettre un terme à la relation maritale sans avoir à se justifier. En France, cette institution est critiquée et même rejetée tant elle paraît étrangère à la civilisation européenne. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du couple existe en droit français sous l’appellation de « divorce pour altération définitive du lien conjugal » pour le mariage, mais encore de «rupture unilatérale » s’agissant du pacte civil de solidarité et du concubinage. La différence tient au titulaire de l’exercice de ce droit, alors que la répudiation ne peut être mise en oeuvre que par l’homme, la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du mariage, du PACS et du concubinage peut être décidée par l’homme ou la femme. Toutefois, fondamentalement, les effets sont les mêmes : l’un décide, l’autre subit. Que la rupture soit judiciaire ou non judiciaire, ce mode de dissolution laisse perplexe quant à l’attitude du juge et du législateur français face à la répudiation. Le premier refuse, depuis le 17 février 2004, de reconnaître des effets aux répudiations musulmanes en France sous couvert de la violation du principe d’égalité entre époux. Le second, cautionne la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire au sein du couple / Initially, repudiation is mainly religious. It is the one-sided and discretionary break of marriage bonds, decided by the husband. In muslim law, it allows the husband to put an end to the marital bonds, without justifying himself. In France, this institution is criticized and even rejected for it seems so far from european civilization. However, looking at it closer, theone-sided and discretionary break-up of the couple exists, under the denomination of «divorce for definitive alteration of the marriage». Concerning the Civil Solidarity Pact (PACS) or cohabitation, it is called «unilateral break». The difference lies on the spouse, which is entitled to this right. Whereas repudiation is only the husband right, unilateral and discretionary break of marriage bonds, civil solidarity pact and cohabitation can be decided by both spouses. However, the consequences are the same. One decides, the other puts up with it. This kind of dissolution, either judicial or extrajudicial, make many uestions arise, considering the french judge and lawmaker’s behaviour towards repudiation. The former is unwilling, since the 17th february 2004, to recognize in France any effect to muslim repudiations for it is considered as an attempt to the principle of equality between spouses. The latter guarantees the unilateral and discretionary break within the couple