Thesis (M.DEV.) --University of Limpopo, 2012. / This research presents a study to investigate impact of support services rendered to land restitution claim settlement, with a focus on Masakona community in Makhado municipality in Limpopo Province There is encouraging evidence from a number of studies, however that the period after land settlement or restitution is the most critical because the success of land reform is not only measured by the number of hectors restitution, but by the support services rendered to those restituted projects. However, in this study, indicators were developed with overall purpose of determining or assessing whether specific improvement is been realized after implementation of agricultural support services. The indicators include improved access to financial,( implements , mechanization and job creation), access to extension support (improved crop production owing to provided advisory services); access to market information; and capacity building (change in farmer’s skills and knowledge). The study includes a review of international and local literature on land reform (especially land restitution). It is based on repeated field visits to Masakona land restitution projects, interview with employed beneficiaries of Masakona restituted project, CPA management committee members and extension officers from Limpopo Department of Agriculture who are servicing the restituted projects. The findings of this study point to the need for the state to rethink its strategy on post- settlement support and the involvement of a range of institutions, especially local government, for the sustainability and productivity of these projects.

In March of 2017, New Zealand passed the Te Awa Tupua Act, a law that established the river Whanganui as a legal entity, with the same rights and obligations as a person. This commitment from the New Zealand government gave rise to the possibilities of protecting the ecosystem surrounding the river, but also strengthen the rights of the indigenous people, the Māori's, which consider Whanganui a part of their ancestry and heritage. The aim of this research is to study the ethical argumentation that motivates the recognition of the Whanganui River as a legal entity and connect that with the theoretical approach presented by Mikael Stenmark in Miljöetik och Miljövård: Miljöfrågornas Värderingsmässiga Dimension. The study will also seek to observe how the argumentation is influenced by a minority perspective, more specifically the Māori, and the oppression of their people since the colonization of New Zealand. The theoretical foundations for this study is the environmental ethics framework presented by Stenmark, which can be summed up in three main approaches: anthropocentrism, ecocentrism and biocentrism. A content-oriented ideational analysis lays the groundwork for mapping what moral positions and perceptions that motivates the recognition of the Whanganui River as a legal entity. In addititon, the study has transcribed videos with indigenous people which has been categorized and structured according to the theoretical framework. The analysis concludes that the colonial intergenerational oppression on the Māori's and the observed negative impact on the river corresponds with the well-being of the Māori people. This observed correlation, combined with a modified holistic ecocentrism, is the foundation to which a selected group of Māori's justify and motivate the Te Awa Tupua Act. This essay also problematize that environmental ethics is characterized by a context that need to be supplemented with an updated and multifaceted view of our nature and indigenous people, which draws attention to more positions that in history have not been given enough space in academic context.

Sveriges regering har antagit en handlingsplan för omställningen till cirkulär ekonomi (CE). För utvecklingen mot CE spelar näringslivet en central roll. Olika branscher har olika förutsättningar och behöver därför hantera omställningen på olika sätt. Sakförsäkringen ligger inom tjänstesektorn men hanterar produkter och kan därför vara med och bidra till omställningen. För sakförsäkringen saknas det däremot gemensamma riktlinjer för vad CE innebär. Folksam arbetar idag med cirkulär skadereglering som grundar sig i CE. Det innebär att skadeanmälningar hanteras för att skapa cirkulära flöden. Studiens bakgrund är att Folksam lyft att det finns ett behov av kunskapsbyggande om CE i sakförsäkringen. Studiens övergripande syfte är att synliggöra hur cirkulär skadereglering bidrar till Folksams hållbarhetsarbete. För att synliggöra hur cirkulär skadereglering bidrar till hållbarhetsarbetet ämnar studien kartlägga vilka hållbarhetsindikatorer som är användbara för att utvärdera betydelsen cirkulär skadereglering. Vidare ämnar studien undersöka hur de som arbetar med cirkulär skadereglering ser på att använda hållbarhetsindikatorerna i kommunikationen och synen på cirkulär skadereglering som en del av hållbarhetsarbetet. I rapporten utvärderas skadeområdena IT, motor och bygg till följd av att Folksam beslutat att arbeta med cirkulär skadereglering inom dessa. Studien är avgränsad till att kartlägga sociala och ekologiska hållbarhetsindikatorer, vilket innebär att ekonomiska aspekter av hållbarhet inte inkluderas. Studiens övergripande metod innebär kartläggning av hållbarhetsindikatorerna och intervjuer med de som arbetar med cirkulär skadereglering. I resultatet presenteras 14 hållbarhetsindikatorer som är användbara för att utvärdera betydelsen av cirkulär skadereglering för Folksams hållbarhetsarbete och resultatet av intervjuerna. Studiens slutsats är att cirkulär skadereglering utgör en viktig del av hållbarhetsarbetet eftersom det innebär att Folksam både kan vara med och bidra i omställningen till CE och i arbetet med Agenda 2030. / The government of Sweden has adopted an action plan for the transition to circular economy (CE). In the transition towards CE, Swedish businesses plays´ a key role. Different industries have different pre-conditions for CE and therefore need to handle the transition in various ways. Companies that offer property insurance belong to the service sector but handle products, which means they are able to contribute to the transition to CE. Today there are no general guidelines for CE in property insurance. Folksam work with circular claim settlement that are based in CE, meaning claims are handled to create circular flows. This thesis is written on behalf of Folksam who have expressed the need for further education regarding CE in the property insurance. The general purpose of this study is to highlight the significance of circular claim settlement for Folksam’s sustainability work. The study aims to identify which sustainability indicators are useful to evaluate the significance of circular claim settlement for Folksam’s sustainability work. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the view of those who work with circular claim settlement on using sustainability indicators to communicate circular claim settlement and their perspective on circular claim settlement as a part of the sustainability work. This thesis evaluates circular claim settlement in IT, vehicle and construction claims. The study is delimited to evaluate social and ecological perspectives on sustainability. The general method was mapping sustainability indicators and interviews. In the results the identified sustainability indicators and the interviews are presented. It’s established that circular claim settlement is a valuable part of the sustainability work and enables Folksam to contribute to Agenda 2030 and the transition to CE.