<p>In the fourth century B. C. the depiction of the grypomachy, a battle between griffins and a group of Eastern barbaroi identified as the Arimasps, became popular in Attic vase-painting. The presence of a non-Greek scene upon Greek ceramics at this time indicates a continued interest in the representation of Orientalia and implies a desire to design wares that would appeal to foreign markets. The Introduction considers Greek and Near Eastern representations of the griffin and its role in vase-painting prior to the fourth century. Chapter 1 examines the ancient sources that deal with the griffins and Arimasps singly or in relation to each other. In Chapter 2, the grypomachy scenes found on Attic pottery are discussed, with emphasis on the representation of the griffin and the Arimasp, in an effort to ascertain the degree to which the visual representation correspond to those found in the literature of Chapter 1. Catalogue A lists, with illustrations, the vases decorated with grypomachy scenes. Chapter 3 discusses a scene related to that of the grypomachy: Arimasps and griffins working in cooperation with each other. This type of scene parallels others found on fourth-century pottery, those of gods riding griffins, and suggests iconographic contamination. The scenes examined in Chapter 3 are described and illustrated in Catalogue B. Chapter 4 examines the art of ancient Iran and Scythia, the lands most closely associated with the Arimaps in ancient sources, in an attempt to discover the source of the grypomachy scene. In chapter 5, the possible sources of the fourth-century grypomachy are discussed, along with the influence which affected the representation of its participants and the marker for which the scene may have been developed.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>From the first to the fifth centuries A.D., the inhabitants of many Roman North African towns went to a <em>macellum</em> to buy food for their dinner banquets. The typical <em>macellum</em> plan consists of an enclosed structure with a peristyle court lined with shops. The archaeological evidence suggests that the Roman North African <em>macella</em> were often bold and innovative variations from the Italian <em>macella</em>.</p> <p>Since many of the Roman North African <em>macella</em> were excavated in the early 1900s, there have been relatively few recent publications and excavations undertaken on these significant buildings. One exception is C. De Ruyt's book, Macellum. Marché alimentaire des Romains (1983). De Ruyt, catalogued the remains of eighty-three <em>macella</em> found in Sicily, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, England, Spain and North Africa. Additionally, De Ruyt's book includes a detailed study of the origins of the <em>macellum</em> type, information about the market's urban and historical context, and evidence for the varieties of foods sold.</p> <p>This thesis, using De Ruyt's book as the starting point for research on the <em>macellum</em>, focuses specifically on the Roman North African <em>macella</em>, since there are still problems to be resolved concerning these buildings. For example, was there a <em>macellum</em> which was essentially Roman North African in design? Did the market-type in North Africa simply imitate the plans of earlier Italian <em>macella</em>? What does the placement of the <em>macellum</em> within an urban setting tell us about its importance and function? What was the role of patrons in the construction and restoration of these markets?</p> <p>The thesis on Roman North African <em>macella</em> is divided into four chapters: Chronology, Typology, Urban placement and Patronage (euergetism). Archaeological and epigraphical evidence is included for Roman North African <em>macella</em> not listed in De Ruyt's catalogue.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

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