O presente trabalho é um estudo teórico e principalmente experimental sobre paredes de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos. Inicialmente, estão apresentados alguns fatores que contribuem na resistência à compressão da alvenaria, mecanismos de ruína e prescrições para dimensionamento à compressão segundo algumas normas mais utilizadas. Em seguida, é apresentada uma compilação de vários resultados de ensaios à compressão de paredes de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos realizados em diversos centros de pesquisa no Brasil. Depois, são apresentados procedimentos e resultados de diversos ensaios com unidades, prismas e paredes de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, com e sem graute. Todos esses ensaios foram realizados especialmente durante este trabalho de pesquisa com o intuito de confirmar e ampliar os conhecimentos adquiridos com a compilação de resultados anteriormente mencionada. Por fim, foram modeladas, numericamente, paredes com e sem graute visando, principalmente, obter-se informações sobre as melhores opções para a discretização de estruturas desse tipo. / This work deals with a theoretical and experimental study about clay masonry walls under compression. First, main factors that may cause influence on compressive capacity of walls, failure mechanisms and main codes used in Brazil are presented in order to discuss theoretical aspects of the phenomenon. After that, several experimental results obtained from many different researchers in Brazil, including results obtained for grouted walls by this work, are shown. These results are presented in order to obtain an overview about compressive strength of clay masonry walls with and without grout. So, important relationships among units, prisms and walls are established. Finally, the work presents some numerical models for walls with and without grout.

O presente trabalho é um estudo teórico e principalmente experimental sobre paredes de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos. Inicialmente, estão apresentados alguns fatores que contribuem na resistência à compressão da alvenaria, mecanismos de ruína e prescrições para dimensionamento à compressão segundo algumas normas mais utilizadas. Em seguida, é apresentada uma compilação de vários resultados de ensaios à compressão de paredes de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos realizados em diversos centros de pesquisa no Brasil. Depois, são apresentados procedimentos e resultados de diversos ensaios com unidades, prismas e paredes de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, com e sem graute. Todos esses ensaios foram realizados especialmente durante este trabalho de pesquisa com o intuito de confirmar e ampliar os conhecimentos adquiridos com a compilação de resultados anteriormente mencionada. Por fim, foram modeladas, numericamente, paredes com e sem graute visando, principalmente, obter-se informações sobre as melhores opções para a discretização de estruturas desse tipo. / This work deals with a theoretical and experimental study about clay masonry walls under compression. First, main factors that may cause influence on compressive capacity of walls, failure mechanisms and main codes used in Brazil are presented in order to discuss theoretical aspects of the phenomenon. After that, several experimental results obtained from many different researchers in Brazil, including results obtained for grouted walls by this work, are shown. These results are presented in order to obtain an overview about compressive strength of clay masonry walls with and without grout. So, important relationships among units, prisms and walls are established. Finally, the work presents some numerical models for walls with and without grout.

The use of the structural masonry can help to reduce the habitational deficit in Brazil, for being a constructive economic and rational system. It is formed by the junction of blocks united with an establishment mortar. This work has as purpose to analyze experimentally, through a factorial planning 32, the influence of the compressive strength and of the thickness of the bedding mortar in the mechanical acting of no grouted prisms of structural clay blocks, one of the methods adopted by the Brazilian standard for analysis of the masonry. For this, it was studied blocks of same compressive strength, making prisms of two blocks with variable thickness of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm and equivalent resistances to 50%, 100% and 150% of the strength of the block in the gross area. With the results of the tests, it was gotten to build representative models of the effects individual and united of the variables thickness and compressive strength of the mortar. / Uma das saídas para diminuir o déficit habitacional no Brasil é a utilização de sistemas construtivos econômicos e racionais. A alvenaria estrutural pode ser apontada como uma das soluções. Ela é formada pela junção de blocos unidos com uma argamassa de assentamento. Este trabalho objetivou analisar experimentalmente, através de um planejamento fatorial 32, a influência da resistência à compressão e da espessura da camada de assentamento no desempenho mecânico de prismas de blocos estruturais cerâmicos não grauteados, um dos métodos adotados pela norma brasileira para análise da alvenaria. Para isto, foram estudados blocos de mesma resistência à compressão, confeccionando prismas de dois blocos com espessuras variáveis de 10 mm, 15 mm e 20 mm e resistências equivalentes a 50%, 100% e 150% da resistência do bloco na área bruta. Com os resultados dos ensaios, conseguiu-se constatar a influência destes parâmetros e construir modelos estatísticos representativos dos efeitos individuais e conjunto das variáveis estudadas.

The main goal of these studies were evaluate the mechanical behavior of structural masonry lintels built with hollow clay blocks. The compressive strength and failure mode of lintels under bending were determine using three different types of lintels: grouted and reinforced lintels made with U section blocks, structural blocks with horizontal prefabricated bedding joint reinforcements and horizontal and vertical joint reinforcements with MURFOR® steel reinforcement and stirrups. The test results indicated that the failures occur by shear strength. The use of lintels with grout demonstrated high levels of loading resistance, when compared with the others models. The use of horizontal and vertical reinforcement (MURFOR®), support higher level of loading, when it was compared with only horizontal joint reinforce. / O presente trabalho trata da análise experimental de vergas em paredes de alvenaria estrutural, executadas com blocos cerâmicos vazados, cujo objetivo principal é avaliar o comportamento mecânico e modos de ruptura, após aplicação de forças concentradas no terço médio do elemento. O programa experimental consistiu na confecção de vergas grauteadas e com armadura para flexão, utilizando-se blocos do tipo canaleta em U , e de vergas formadas por blocos estruturais e juntas de argamassa armadas, mediante o uso de treliças planas tipo MURFOR® e de estribos. Os resultados dos ensaios indicaram que as rupturas ocorreram pela ação de força cortante, verificando-se, pelo modo de ruptura, esmagamento localizado na parte superior de alguns blocos. Os modelos grauteados resistiram a níveis de cargas aplicadas maiores, comparados aos demais testados. Os modelos constituídos por blocos e armados nas juntas verticais e horizontais de argamassa, suportaram intensidades maiores de força que os modelos reforçados somente nas juntas horizontais, comprovando o aumento na resistência à força cortante dos elementos testados.

This diploma thesis describes the design of hut with accomodation and restaurant. The hut is situated in Jeseníky mountains. The house is designed as detached house made of clay blocks, with timber roof truss and gable roof. The building has three floors, first one is particulary embedded under the terrain. On the ground floor there is garage, technical and storage rooms. Restaurant with kitchen, toilets,rooms for employees, reception and barrier-free guest room is located on the first floor. On the second floor there are guest and employee rooms.

The Thesis deals with a proposal for a new mixed-used building in the city of Moravske Budejovice in the cadastral area of Moravske Budejovice. The building is a three-floored house without a cellar. The roof of the house is completely flattened. On the first floor, there are commercial rooms, hairdresser´s and a bookshop. Apartments are on the second and third floor. The construction will be built of clay blocks which are 300 mm wide. The insulation of the building is formed by thermal insulation composite system. The ceiling is created by reinforced concrete slabs 250 mm wide. Parts of the documentation are water-supply, electricity, pipeline and waste water pipe. The description of pavement and driveway is included. The Thesis is written as a project to build the construction.

The subject of the diploma thesis is technical part of the project documentation for the new accomodation facility in the city of Znojmo in the cadastral area of Znojmo. The building is a three-storey, partly basement. The roof of the house is build as a flat roof. The building is created of clay blocks and permanent formwork. The ceilings are made by reinforced concrete slabs. The object is situated on a flat terrain. On the first floor, there is a main entrance, a reception, a dining room, a kitchen, atechnical facilities for the stuff, storage areas. On the basement, there is a technical background of the building. Rooms for guests are located on the first and second floor.

The aim of this thesis is the design of an youth apartment building in the range of designing the documentation for building construction. The building is situated on the flat plot no. 873/21 in the cadastral area „Horní Heršpice“ 612065. In the building there is 42 rooms, 2 wheelchair-accessible rooms and 4 student apartments. The capacity of the building is designed to accommodate 86 students under 18 years and 16 students older than 18 years. In the building there is also a dining room, a library, a fitness room and a gym for free time. It is partly a two-storey and partly a four-storey building without a basement, roofed by a flat roof. Masonry is designed from clay blocks and floor slab is designed by a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor structure.

In this thesis are solved the newly built 'hotel in Brno ". The building is freestanding. It has five storeys. The structural system is reinforced concrete skeleton. Columns in combination with masonry infill Porotherm. The building is based on the footings. The building has two height levels. The first is covered with a flat roof vegetation and the second single-roof bitumen sheets. The building is insulated contact system. On the first floor is a reception, restaurant with kitchen, fitness center and facilities for the hotel staff. The second floor of the portion used for guest accommodation. The second part is a cafe with cold kitchen and meeting room attached to the bar. In the third to fifth floors are guest rooms and technical background. On the fifth floor are apartments

The aim of this thesis is design of an apartment building for students. The design is in the range of the documentation for designing building construction based on the decree 499/2006 Sb. as amended by decree 62/2013 Sb. The building is situated on the plots 1220, 1219/1, 1218/11 and 1218/2 in the cadastral area „Letovice“. The new building is designed to accommodate students for year-round occupancy. There is a dining room for staying students and students from nearby schools as well. In the new building are also multimedia classrooms, library, reading rooms, club rooms, gym and lecture hall available for students. In the building are 30 rooms. The capacity of the building is designed to accommodate 81 students. The building has three floors, a loft and no basement. Masonry is designed from clay blocks and floor slab is designed as a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor structure.