Στόχος της μελέτης είναι να αναδειχθούν τα κρίσιμα σημεία για το οικοσύστημα του νομού Ηλείας λόγω της τοπικής βιομηχανίας κεραμοτουβλοποιίας. Η αέρια ρύπανση είναι η τυπική μιας βιομηχανίας, με την ιδιαιτερότητα της χρήσης του πετ-κοκ σε ευρεία κλίμακα. Επιπλέον, τα εδάφη της Ηλείας, λόγω της προέλευσής τους είναι όξινα, περιέχουν δε για τον ίδιο λόγο ασυνήθιστα υψηλές ποσότητες συγκεκριμένων βαρέων μετάλλων. Το κρισιμότερο σημείο της δραστηριότητας είναι η λατόμευση και γενικότερη διαχείριση της πρώτης ύλης της αργίλου. Εκεί αποδεικνύεται ότι, λόγω της εδαφικής οξύτητας, υπάρχει κίνδυνος επανένταξης των ρυπογόνων ουσιών του υπεδάφους στο εδαφικό διάλυμα. Από τη στιγμή που θα συμβεί αυτό, θα εισέλθουν στο έδαφος, τα επιφανειακά και υπόγεια ύδατα του νομού. Ταυτόχρονα, γίνεται προσπάθεια να ποσοτικοποιηθούν όλες οι πιθανές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις Η μελέτη εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια της ανάδειξης οποιουδήποτε περιβαλλοντικού κινδύνου, σε κίνδυνο για το σύνολο της λιθόσφαιρας, υδρόσφαιρας, ατμόσφαιρας και βιόσφαιρας του οικοσυστήματος. / The purpose of the study is to reveal the critical points of Ilia ecosystem, due to the local clay industry. Considering the gas pollution, this is typical of the industry. The special critical point is the use of petroleum coke as the main energy producer. Moreover, clays in Ilia are acidic, because of their origin. Also for that reason, they contain unusually high quantities of specific heavy metal ions. The main critical point of the local clay industry is clay excavation and the general management of these materials. It proves that, the main hazard is the integration of the pollutants, from the underground to the ground solution. In advance, it is aimed to quantify of all possible environmental impacts. The study focuses to show that the total of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere of an ecosystem, is enhanced due to any environmental hazard.

O Pólo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, localizado na região de Rio Claro, no Estado de São Paulo, é o maior do gênero no país, contando com mais de 40 unidades industriais do setor de pisos e revestimentos e responsável por mais da metade da produção nacional. A área de estudos, denominada Região dos Lagos de Santa Gertrudes, situa-se na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Itaqui, sub-afluente do Rio Corumbataí, manancial utilizado para o abastecimento público de aproximadamente 650 mil habitantes. Os lagos não são formações naturais, mas resultantes da inundação de antigas cavas de extração de argila, pelo afloramento do aqüífero da Formação Corumbataí. Nessas cavas, foram depositados resíduos da linha de esmaltação e lançados efluentes líquidos do processo produtivo das cerâmicas, contendo elevadas concentrações de metais, principalmente de boro (B), cádmio (Cd), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn). Este trabalho de pesquisa buscou oferecer uma alternativa de remediação do solo contaminado, por meio do estudo de três processos de lixiviação de metais, produzida pela lavagem com ácido sulfúrico concentrado e por soluções de peróxido de hidrogênio a 30% e de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M. Os resultados obtidos identificaram que a lavagem com ácido sulfúrico concentrado promoveu a redução de 50% dos teores de Zn e a lavagem com a solução de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M reduziu os teores de Pb e Zn em 15% e 10%, respectivamente. O teor remanescente de Zn no solo tratado com ácido sulfúrico concentrado foi de 117 mg/kg e os teores de Pb e Zn remanescentes no solo tratado com a solução de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M foram de 806 mgPb/kg e 213 mgZn/kg, valores estes inferiores aos de intervenção estabelecidos pelo órgão de controle ambiental paulista. / The Ceramic Pole of Santa Gertrudes, located in the region of Rio Claro, in the State of São Paulo, is the largest of the gender in the country, counting with more than 40 industrial units of the section of floors and coverings and responsible for more of the half of the national production. The area of studies, denominated Region of the Lakes of Santa Gertrudes, locates at the Córrego da Fazenda Itaqui river basin, sub-affluent of the River Corumbataí, spring used for the public provisioning of approximately 650 thousand inhabitants. The lakes are not natural formations, but resultants of the flood of old diggings of clay extraction, for the blooming of Formation Corumbatai?s aquifer. In these diggings were deposited solid wastes from the line of enamels and thrown liquid effluents of the productive process of the ceramic, containing high concentrations of metals, mainly of boron (B), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) e zinc (Zn). This research work aimed to offer an alternative of remediation of the polluted soil, through the study of three leaching processes of metals, produced by washing of soil with concentrated sulfuric acid and solutions of hydrogen peroxide 30% and 0,1 M hydrochloric acid. The obtained results identified that the washing with concentrated sulphuric acid caused a 50% reduction of Zn contents and the washing with 0,1M hydrochloric acid solution reduced Pb and Zn contents in 15% and 10%, respectively. The Zn contents remaining in the soil processed with concentrated sulphuric acid were 117 mg/kg and the Pb and Zn contents remaining in the soil processed with 0,1M hydrochloric acid solution were 806 mgPb/kg and 213 mgZn/kg, values which are lower than the intervention values established by São Paulo?s environmental control agency.

O Pólo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, localizado na região de Rio Claro, no Estado de São Paulo, é o maior do gênero no país, contando com mais de 40 unidades industriais do setor de pisos e revestimentos e responsável por mais da metade da produção nacional. A área de estudos, denominada Região dos Lagos de Santa Gertrudes, situa-se na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Itaqui, sub-afluente do Rio Corumbataí, manancial utilizado para o abastecimento público de aproximadamente 650 mil habitantes. Os lagos não são formações naturais, mas resultantes da inundação de antigas cavas de extração de argila, pelo afloramento do aqüífero da Formação Corumbataí. Nessas cavas, foram depositados resíduos da linha de esmaltação e lançados efluentes líquidos do processo produtivo das cerâmicas, contendo elevadas concentrações de metais, principalmente de boro (B), cádmio (Cd), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn). Este trabalho de pesquisa buscou oferecer uma alternativa de remediação do solo contaminado, por meio do estudo de três processos de lixiviação de metais, produzida pela lavagem com ácido sulfúrico concentrado e por soluções de peróxido de hidrogênio a 30% e de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M. Os resultados obtidos identificaram que a lavagem com ácido sulfúrico concentrado promoveu a redução de 50% dos teores de Zn e a lavagem com a solução de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M reduziu os teores de Pb e Zn em 15% e 10%, respectivamente. O teor remanescente de Zn no solo tratado com ácido sulfúrico concentrado foi de 117 mg/kg e os teores de Pb e Zn remanescentes no solo tratado com a solução de ácido clorídrico 0,1 M foram de 806 mgPb/kg e 213 mgZn/kg, valores estes inferiores aos de intervenção estabelecidos pelo órgão de controle ambiental paulista. / The Ceramic Pole of Santa Gertrudes, located in the region of Rio Claro, in the State of São Paulo, is the largest of the gender in the country, counting with more than 40 industrial units of the section of floors and coverings and responsible for more of the half of the national production. The area of studies, denominated Region of the Lakes of Santa Gertrudes, locates at the Córrego da Fazenda Itaqui river basin, sub-affluent of the River Corumbataí, spring used for the public provisioning of approximately 650 thousand inhabitants. The lakes are not natural formations, but resultants of the flood of old diggings of clay extraction, for the blooming of Formation Corumbatai?s aquifer. In these diggings were deposited solid wastes from the line of enamels and thrown liquid effluents of the productive process of the ceramic, containing high concentrations of metals, mainly of boron (B), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) e zinc (Zn). This research work aimed to offer an alternative of remediation of the polluted soil, through the study of three leaching processes of metals, produced by washing of soil with concentrated sulfuric acid and solutions of hydrogen peroxide 30% and 0,1 M hydrochloric acid. The obtained results identified that the washing with concentrated sulphuric acid caused a 50% reduction of Zn contents and the washing with 0,1M hydrochloric acid solution reduced Pb and Zn contents in 15% and 10%, respectively. The Zn contents remaining in the soil processed with concentrated sulphuric acid were 117 mg/kg and the Pb and Zn contents remaining in the soil processed with 0,1M hydrochloric acid solution were 806 mgPb/kg and 213 mgZn/kg, values which are lower than the intervention values established by São Paulo?s environmental control agency.