The conclusions of this survey should be considered with the fact in mind that it was in the nature of a preliminary or reconnaisance rather than a final survey. While the authors feel that the conclusions drawn are justified by their test results it should be realized that the data is not comprehensive or complete enough to draw any final conclusions regarding the overall sanitary condition of the lake. Considering the test results, the following conclusions and recommendations are presented: 1. There is evidence of pollution throughout the portions of the lake tested, during the extent of the sampling season. 2. The pollution at Sections 1, 2, and 3 showed a tendency of being localized in relatively narrow well defined channels, while that at Section 4 seemed to be dispersed throughout the cross section. 3. The water in the vicinity of the V.P.I. property and the upstream part of the state park property would, in general, meet the various bacteriological requirements of health departments for bathing areas. 4. The water just below the proposed bathing area at the downstream part of the state park showed evidence of pollution in amounts which might make the use of this area questionable unless careful control is maintained by frequent bacteriological tests. 5. There was no evidence of a trend or fluctuation in pollution during the period of study. 6. In general, there was no correlation between the results of the bacteriological tests and the chemical and physical results. / M.S.

My thesis looks to define a harmonious relationship between architecture and nature. The critical intersection of the realm of land and the realm of building is what has most influenced my design process. This place where building meets nature needs to be both meaningful and balanced. The investigation involves how to respect the current condition and compliment it with an architecture serving as connection for the human experience. / Master of Architecture

Analysis of trophic and population ecology of an introduced (1968- 1969) alewife forage base and resident sportfishes (age 0 and older) indicated several negative trophic interactions within the community complex of Claytor Lake, Virginia. Alewife piscivority represents a potentially significant adverse impact on sportfish recruitment. Alewife consumed the young of at least four sport species. Larval alewife did not inhabit shallow coves and consequently were not a prey item of age 0 sportfish resident in that habitat. Dietary overlaps (Levins' equation) between adult alewife and young-of-year sportfishes indicated that competitive interactions may occur on a time/site-specific basis. Alewife were demonstrated to be highly size-selective planktivores, preferring zooplankters >1.0 mm length. Electivity determinations indicated the importance of considering size distribution of prey species in food-habit studies. Electivity values were often positive for zooplankters ≥1.0 mm and negative for those <1.0 mm length. Comparisons of the zooplankton community following an alewife die-off (1978) and after alewife recovery (1979) indicated that changes in abundance of predominate species were size-related with smaller forms dominating after alewife recovery. The sizes of Daphnia at onset of maturity were considerably smaller following alewife population recovery. Alewife-induced shifts in zooplankton composition toward small forms represent a potentially significant adverse impact on young-of-year sportfishes which are often size-dependent as well as size-selective planktivores. Electivity determinations of young-of-year sportfishes (<50 mm TL) indicated that only striped and white bass positively selected a zooplankton species (Leptodora kindtii) that was concurrently preferred by alewife. Partitioning of the food complex among cove-inhabiting young sportfishes was in evidence. Predation upon one another, as well as cannibalism appeared to be a more critical trophic interaction than competition with each other or alewife. Indirect trophic interactions between alewife and planktivorous sportfish stages may have affected first year growth rates of smallmouth bass, spotted bass, and white crappie which declined compared to results of a previous growth study made prior to alewife introduction. Following the alewife die-off, age 1 white bass and walleye growth rates significantly increased, perhaps in response to reduced competition with alewife. Utilization of alewife (age 0 and age 1 only) by pelagic sportfishes (walleye, striped bass, white bass) and predation of other prey by littoral black basses suggested partitioning of the forage base. In the spring following the alewife die-off, pelagic sportfishes switched to alternative prey and competition among limnetic and littoral-inhabiting piscivores presumably increased. Although alewife were shown to possess several negative traits for a forage fish, no forage species has proven ideal for southeastern reservoirs. Alewife introduction should be limited to systems too cold for threadfin shad, and that are managed primarily for pelagic predators with non-pelagic young or those that are maintained on a put-grow-take basis. Results of this study underscore the importance of assessing community impacts of an exotic species before wide-spread introduction. / Ph. D.

The comparative performance of striped bass Morone saxatilis (STB) and hybrid striped bass M. saxatilis x M. chrysops (HSB) was evaluated in Claytor Lake, Virginia. This study assessed: 1) habitat use versus habitat availability for STB and HSB; 2) seasonal movement patterns, movement rates, and emigration rates of STB and HSB; and 3) angler catch rates of STB and HSB in Claytor Lake. In general, STB and HSB used similar habitats throughout this study. However, HSB used warmer (2-3'aC) water than STB during spring of 2001 and 2002. During the summer months, fish selected the coolest water temperature available that contained adequate (> 2.0 mg/L) dissolved oxygen. Striped bass habitat was more degraded than HSB habitat during summer stratification of both years. Both moronids exhibited similar seasonal movement patterns. Upstream spawning migrations took place in March at 9-10'aC. Summer habitat was restricted to the lower 1/3 of Claytor Lake, whereas fish used the entire reservoir during other seasons. Minimum daily movement rates were similar between species and seasons (0.2-0.5 km/h). Hourly movement rates were also similar between species (0.2-0.3 km/h). One tagged fish from the reservoir was recovered below the dam, suggesting low rates of emigration. Poor tag return rates by anglers limited confidence in estimation of exploitation rates. However, based on estimated natural and handling mortality rates and tag-reporting rates, estimated annual fishing mortality was 26% for STB and 14% for HSB, lower than rates found in Virginia′s Lake Gaston and Smith Mountain Lake. / Master of Science

This thesis is the result of an exploration to develop an architectural series of modular units. It is my position that information regarding site and program are unnecessary when beginning an architectural project. This is clearly demonstrated through my process. In the beginning, these units were developed independently of any program or specific site information. After establishing a series of fundamental architectural ideas, they were used to address a specific program. / Master of Architecture

This thesis began with the goal of designing a bold house cantilevered over the edge of a cliff 120 feet above the water, and evolved into the study of how to design when starting with the primary form of a cube. The cube was chosen as representing the crystalline form of the rock upon which the house sits. The outside shell of the house is horizontal, board formed concrete, also in reference to the layered rock of the cliff face. There are two primary forces cutting away the mass of the cube to produce the final form of the house. The first force is of the site, and is generated by two spectacular views. These two views are used to cut through the house, forming an â Xâ shaped atrium eight feet wide and four storeys high, in the center of the house. The second force is generated by the desire to bring daylight into two opposite corners of the house. The southern corner of the house faces the lake. The bottom of that corner is cut out more than the top to admit direct sun in the winter, indirect sun in the summer, and reflected sun off the lake year round. The northern corner of the house faces the woods. The top of that corner is cut out more than the bottom to allow northern light into the top floors and maintain privacy on the lower floor, where the driveway approaches the house. / Master of Architecture