The quantity and quality of wildlife habitat continues to decline within the agricultural regions of Canada and the United States. In response to this trend, a variety of public and private agencies have administered programs for the protection and the development of farmland habitat areas. This report is a description and analysis of these private lands wildlife habitat programs. The fundamental objective is to make available to wildlife managers in Manitoba the experience gained elsewhere. A telephone survey was used to collect information from federal, state, provincial, and private conservation agencies. Recommendations were based on this survey, supplemented by a review of the relevant literature. There is an inadequate awareness of the true costs of wildlife production on the part of resource users. Communication of these costs is a necessary first step towards the generation of funds for habitat programs. No one policy instrument represents the solution to habitat preservation on private lands. Particular programs are adapted to particular habitats and for use by particular agencies. Increased input into existing educational and extension services, the use of federal funds to purchase wetland easements, and development of a provincial leased hunting system should be among the primary objectives of wildlife agencies.

Orientador: Woodruff Whitman Benson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T10:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_FredericoSantos_M.pdf: 8531158 bytes, checksum: 50ea9d85fd565aaf44d2807a626c429c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984 / Resumo: No presente estudo, realizado no Horto da Ferrovia Paulista S.A, em Sumaré, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de maio de 1979 a abril de 1980, foram obtidos dados sobre áreas de vida de Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidóptera ¿ Nymphalidae), informações sobre a distribuição dos indivíduos na área, distribuição de contatos da borboleta com plantas hospedeiras e com flores utilizadas para a alimentação do adulto e informações sobre a ocupação de dormitórios comunais. Estes dados, com exceção das informações sobre dormitórios comunais, foram obtidos através da amostragem de borboletas marcadas ao longo de um sistema de trilhas paralelas. As observações de contato de fêmeas com Passiflora spp. indicaram que P. misera é a planta hospedeira promária e que P. suberosa é usada como recurso alternativo para oviposição. As observações de contatos com flores mostraram que Lantana camara e L. lilacina são as principais fontes de pólen e néctar para a borboleta. As áreas onde foram registrados os maiores números de observações da borboleta e de contatos de fêmeas com P. misera e com flores foram os limites da Mata Úmida e Fechada de Eucalyptus com a Capoeira e com a Mata de Eucalyptus e Gochnatia e a patê sul do limite entre a Mata Mista de Eucalyptus e Gochnatia e o Campo Sujo ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Data were obtaineid about home range, diespersion of individuals, dispersion of contacts with host plants and flowers, and use of communal roosts in a populations of Heliconius erato phyllis (L.) in the Horto da Ferrovia Paulista S/A. at Sumaré, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from June, 1979, to April, 1980. These data, with the exception fo thouse about communal roosts, were obtained through observation of marked butterflies along a system of parallel trails. The number of female contacts with Passiflora spp indicates that P misera is the primary host plant that P. suberosa is an alternative resource for oviposition. The number of butterfly visits to flower indicates that Lantana camara and L. lilacina are the major source of pollen and nectar. Most of the butterfly observations and of the female contacts with P. misera and flowers were recorded at the boundaries of the Mata Umida e Fechada de Eucalyptus with the Capoeira and with the Mata Mista de Eucalyptus e Gochnatia as well as the south part of the boundary of the Mata Mista de Eucalyptus e Gochnatia with the Campo Sujo. Female contacts with P. suberosa were more frequent in the Mata Umida e Fechada de Eucalyptus. Male contacts with L. camara and L. lilacina were more frequent in three areas different from those where most of butterfly observations and female contacts with P. misera and flowers occurred ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ciências Biológicas

No description available.

Konstanz, Univ., Diplomarb., 1998.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais. Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Marise Leite (marise_mg@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-30T14:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÂO_ComposiçãoDistribuiçãoEspacial.pdf: 2389076 bytes, checksum: 0f248ccc0003ddbf361e719b0537fa1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2016-04-13T12:26:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÂO_ComposiçãoDistribuiçãoEspacial.pdf: 2389076 bytes, checksum: 0f248ccc0003ddbf361e719b0537fa1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T14:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÂO_ComposiçãoDistribuiçãoEspacial.pdf: 2389076 bytes, checksum: 0f248ccc0003ddbf361e719b0537fa1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Anfíbios anuros geralmente vivem associados a ambientes úmidos, sendo muito comum o encontro destes em lagoas ao longo da estação chuvosa e quente. Contudo, existem também espécies que ocupam córregos, ou riachos de corredeira em regiões montanhosas e preferem a estação mais fria e seca do ano como período de maior atividade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar comparativamente o que define a ocupação de anfíbios anuros em lagoas e córregos. Para tanto, foi avaliado como a composição de espécies, riqueza e abundância são influenciadas pela temperatura, umidade, pluviosidade ao longo de um ano; como estes animais se distribuem espacial e temporalmente; e se ocorrem deslocamentos de indivíduos. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, no município de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil, de outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2014. Foram amostrados um trecho do córrego Tripuí e a Lagoa dos Fortes através da busca ativa. Armadilhas de funil foram instaladas nestes locais e também em uma área no interior de mata, em região de ligação entre estes ambientes. Todos os animais capturados foram marcados com elastômero. Foram encontradas 23 espécies de anuros pertencentes a oito famílias: Brachycephalidae (2), Bufonidae (2), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (1), Hylidae (13), Leptodactylidae (2), Microhylidae (1) e Odontophrynidae (1). O esforço amostral foi suficiente para registrar a maior parte das espécies. O fator abiótico determinante para a atividade dos anuros foi a temperatura, sendo que as maiores abundâncias ocorreram durante os meses mais quentes na lagoa e nos meses mais frios no córrego. A sazonalidade na ocupação do córrego foi bem marcada, sendo observada uma composição de espécies distinta entre as estações seca e chuvosa. Por outro lado, na lagoa ocorrem espécies que se reproduzem o ano todo. A análise de interações entre espécies e microambientes ocupados resultou em quatro módulos especializados: (1) espécies que ocupam os ambientes mais baixos da lagoa; (2) espécies que utilizam os microambientes mais altos da lagoa; (3) espécies que utilizam todos os microambientes do córrego e (4) exclusivamente a espécie Proceratophrys boiei, ocupando a serrapilheira da lagoa. A fauna de lagoa e a fauna de córrego foram agrupadas em módulos distintos, bem como, os diferentes estratos da lagoa, refletindo as adaptações das espécies para a ocupação desses ambientes. Essa segregação também refletiu a proximidade filogenética entre as espécies e, em menor intensidade, os seus modos reprodutivos. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: Anuran amphibians usually live in humid environments and are very commonly found in ponds during the hot/rainy season. However, there are also species that occupy streams in montane regions and seem to prefer the cold/dry season as the period of higher activity. The aim of this study was to compare what determines the distribution of anuran amphibians in ponds and streams. Thus, the following were evaluated: how the species’ composition, richness and abundance are influenced by temperature, humidity and rainfall over one year; how these animals are distributed in space and time; and if individuals moved between ponds and streams. The study was performed at the Estação Ecológica do Tripuí in Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, from October 2013 to September 2014. We sampled one stretch of the Tripuí stream and the dos Fortes pond through active searching. Funnel traps were installed in these locations and also in an area inside the forest, in a region that connects these environments. All captured animals were marked with elastomer. We found 23 anuran species belonging to eight families: Brachycephalidae (2) Bufonidae (2), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (1), Hylidae (13), Leptodactylidae (2), Microhylidae (1) and Odontophrynidae (1). The sampling effort was enough to record most of the species. Temperature was the crucial abiotic factor for frogs’ activity, and the greatest abundances occurred during the warmer months at the pond and the colder months at the stream. Seasonality was well defined in the stream occupancy, and we observed a different composition of species between the dry and rainy seasons. On the other hand, there are species that breed in the pond during the entire year. The interaction network analysis between the species and occupied microhabitats resulted in four specialized modules: (1) species occupying the lower pond microhabitats; (2) species using the highest microhabitats of the pond; (3) species that use all stream microhabitats and (4) exclusively Proceratophrys boiei, occupying the leaf litter of the pond. The pond and the stream fauna were grouped into distinct modules, as well as the different pond strata, reflecting the species adaptations in occupying these environments. This segregation also reflected the phylogenetic closeness between species and, to a lesser degree, their reproductive modes.

Orientador: Jorge Jim / Banca: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres / Banca: Elieth Floret Spirandelli-Cruz / Resumo: O Estado de São Paulo possui seus dois biomas, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, ameaçados no mais alto grau em consequência da devastação que ocorreu em seu território nas últimas décadas. Mesmo com a maior parte da vegetação nativa toda fragmentada e perturbada, ainda possui uma rica biodiversidade com altos índices de endemismo. A anurofauna paulista é uma das mais ricas e bem estudadas do país, porém ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento em algumas regiões do Estado, principalmente no interior. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma área de Cerrado e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no município de Lençóis Paulista, região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, com os objetivos de caracterizar a fauna de anfíbios anuros do local, verificar o uso do habitat pelas espécies, analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal das espécies e determinar a diversidade da comunidade de anuros presente na área. As visitas foram realizadas mensalmente entre novembro de 2007 e dezembro de 2009 com amostragens em 24 pontos de coleta de dados. Os métodos utilizados para o registro das espécies foram levantamento por encontro visual, procura auditiva e armadilhas de interceptação e queda. Foram registradas 40 espécies de anuros de sete famílias: Bufonidae (2 spp.), Cycloramphidae (2 spp.), Centrolenidae (uma espécie), Hylidae (21 spp.), Leiuperidae (4 spp.), Leptodactylidae (8 spp.) e Microhylidae (2 spp.). A atividade dos anuros esteve associada ao período quente e chuvoso (setembro a março), sendo a chuva o principal componente na variação sazonal dos anuros. Os ambientes de área aberta foram utilizados por 29 espécies e apenas quatro tiveram a mata como ambiente. A borda de área aberta foi utilizada por 14 espécies e oito foram registradas em borda de mata. A diversidade da comunidade foi de 1,76 (H') e a equitabilidade de 0,69 (J). A anurofauna se mostrou diferente em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The São Paulo state of has its two biomes, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, both highly threatened as a consequence of the devastation that occurred in recent decades. Even with most of the native vegetation fragmented and disturbed, this region still has a rich biodiversity with high levels of endemism. The anuran fauna of the São Paulo state is one of the richest and most studied of Brazil, but there are still important knowledge gaps in some regions, especially in the interior. This study was conducted in an area of Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in the municipality of Lençóis Paulista, Center-West of the São Paulo state. The objectives were to characterize the anuran fauna of the site, investigate the habitat use of these species, analyze their spatial and temporal distribution and determine the diversity of the anuran community in the area. Field visits were carried out monthly from November 2007 to December 2009, sampling 24 points of data collection. Visual encounter surveys, audio strip transects and pitfall traps were used to record the species. We recorded 40 species of anurans from seven families: Bufonidae (2 spp.), Cycloramphidae (2 spp.), Centrolenidae (one species), Hylidae (21 spp.), Leiuperidae (4 spp.), Leptodactylidae (8 spp.) and Microhylidae (2 spp.). Anurans were associated with the warm and rainy season (September to March), and rain was the main component underlying the seasonal variation in anurans. Open area environments were used by 29 species, whilst only four species used the forest. The edges of open areas were used by 14 species, and eight species were recorded in forest edges. The diversity of the community was 1.76 (H') and equitability was 0.69 (J). The anuran fauna had a different composition in areas under the influence of the vegetal formation, both in Cerrado and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Some important records were: Vitreorana ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The role of density of eelgrass shoots in regulating distribution and abundance of gammarid amphipods was investigated. Monthly collections of amphipods were made over a one-year period in a series of treatment plots on Roberts Bank, in southwestern B.C., in which eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) shoots had been thinned to different relative densities. This experiment was originally designed to test the hypothesis that the abundance and diversity of amphipods would be positively related to the density of eelgrass shoots. Due to the rapid recovery of original shoot densities within the plots, however, this hypothesis could not be tested. Consequently, the emphasis of the study was restricted to a consideration of the effect of the disturbance created during removal of shoots on the distribution of amphipods. Collections of amphipods were also made in three areas of different natural densities of Zostera shoots during a three-month period in summer 1984, to assess further the effect of shoot density on the distribution and abundance of amphipods. The role of additional components of habitat heterogeneity, including drift algae and a second species of seagrass, Zostera japonica, in modifying the community dynamics of the amphipods was also studied. No relationship between the density of Zostera shoots and the abundance and diversity of amphipods was found. The amphipod community was dominated by Corophium acherusicum and the distribution of this species, as well as that of the other most frequently collected species, appeared to be regulated by the seasonality of macrophyte biomass. Peak abundances of amphipods occurred in the late summer and autumn when large amounts of drift algae and eelgrass detritus were present at the sediment surface. This decaying plant material is an important source of food for detritivores such as gammarids and its seasonal abundance was reflected in the rapid growth of populations of amphipods. The floating mats of drift algae, such as Ulva sp., also contributed significantly to the carrying capacity of the eelgrass meadow by providing spatial refuges to amphipods which are targets of fish and bird predation. The role of habitat heteogeneity in determining the distribution of the dominant species of amphipods, with reference to competition and predation, was discussed. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Thèses (M.Env.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2000. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 juillet 2006). Publié aussi en version papier.

In spatially structured populations, distributional dynamics are driven by the quantity, connectivity and quality of habitat. Because these drivers are rarely measured directly and simultaneously at relevant scales, information on their relative importance remains unclear. I assessed the influence of both direct and indirect measures of local habitat quality, and of landscape habitat amount and connectivity on long-term territory occupancy dynamics of non-migratory pygmy owls. Direct measures of local habitat quality based on territory-specific reproductive output had greater effects on distribution than landscape factors, but only when spatio-temporal fluxes in performance linked to environmental stochasticity and intraspecific competition were considered. When habitat quality was measured indirectly based on habitat structure, however, landscape factors had greater effects. Although all landscape factors were important, measures of landscape connectivity that were uncorrelated with habitat amount and based on attributes of matrix structure and habitat configuration that influence dispersal movements had greater effects than habitat effective area (amount weighted by quality). Moreover, the influence of connectivity (but not habitat effective area) depended on local habitat quality. Such results suggest the relative importance of local habitat quality in driving distribution has been underestimated and that conservation strategies should vary spatially depending on both local and landscape contexts.

No description available.