This thesis tells a story of a single year in the life of a primary care teaching practice from the multiple perspectives of clinical learners and those supporting learning. This story involves many people from junior medical students to nurses and doctors with twenty years of experience. It explores how they learn as clinicians. The research takes the form of a single descriptive case study based within a purposefully chosen GP teaching practice in West Yorkshire, England. The case study comprises interview, observational and documentary data collected over a single academic year in 2008/9. Interview data from 33 subjects were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis within a modified grounded theory approach. The evidence from interview data was strengthened through direct and indirect observation and from documents relating to learning and teaching. I present a theory of how clinical learning occurs within the chosen practice, and on the nature of being a teaching practice. The findings are presented in the context of the existing literature of learning in this setting and within a theoretical framework of literature on social learning and communities of practice. Clinical learning appears to occur through engagement and opportunity. Engagement in learning is made up of four elements; recognition, respect, relevance and emotion. The elements are remarkably consistent across learner groups. Opportunity includes the availability, authenticity and immediacy of patient encounters; and the opportunity to learn with and from peers and professional colleagues. The research findings are consistent with existing work on social learning from other settings, but add to the literature. Engagement appears possible through recognition, relevance and respect and in the absence of meaningful participation, belonging or a clear trajectory of learning. Meaningful opportunities for clinical learning include those where patient encounters are made powerful through the authenticity that arises from the social and personal context of illness, and from the immediacy of hearing patient narratives de novo. The teaching practice studied in the case study is not dissimilar to others described in the literature of primary care learning, but this case study offers a far more detailed exploration of the elements which contribute to learning in the practice. These elements include strong whole practice support for learning, a skilled and committed clinical and educational workforce and a more indefinable additional element which is best summarised as a passion for education.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1994. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-04, Section: B, page: 1921. Chair: Bruce Bongar.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1999. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-07, Section: B, page: 3562. Adviser: Julia Shiang.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 2004. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-06, Section: B, page: 2948. Adviser: Donald J. Woods.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Counseling and Educational Psychology, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 9, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: A, page: 1667. Adviser: Jonathan A. Plucker.

Thesis (Psy.D.)--Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2001. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-01, Section: B, page: 0532. Chairperson: Linda Reddy. Available also in print.

Interprofessional practice and teamwork are becoming more essential in health care. Increased collaboration gives the opportunity to enable patient centred health care with high quality of outcomes. If health professional students learn together they will be better prepared for interprofessional collaboration and teamwork, such initiative can be interprofessional education (IPE) at a clinical education ward (CEW). The aim of the study is to explore how students from medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy programs, perceive their own and each others` profession prior to a clinical placement at a CEW. This was a qualitative study using focus groups. 18 students participate in the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and a thematic network was developed. A plethora of professional perceptions emerged as the highest order category. This was derived from four organizing themes; professional expectations, relationship to the patient, leadership and relationship across professions and from the respective basic themes: different areas of professional doing and explanation of professional images, being close, being distanced, being a coordinator and being a leader, collaboration and unclear boundaries. This perceptions are needed to discuss and reflect during the CEW and allowing the student, together rather than silos, to develop professional identities as well as the knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Purpose To understand the factors that influence nursing students’ use of evidence-based pain management guidelines in their clinical placements. Methods/Design Guided by educational and knowledge translation theory, multiple approaches were used: 1. A scoping review of the literature to identify and describe educational strategies to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) by nursing students in the clinical setting, along with associated barriers and facilitators from the literature. 2. A process to develop indicators of the use of pain guidelines in clinical practice. 3. A descriptive case study to determine the gap between evidence-based guideline recommendations and actual practice and to understand the clinical and educational contextual factors that influence nursing students’ use of pain management practice guidelines. Findings The scoping review identified 37 papers in total, 14 descriptive and 23 evaluation studies. Commonly identified barriers were lack of EBP knowledge and skills and lack of support in the clinical setting. EBP projects were the most frequently evaluated educational interventions, alone, or in combination with workshops or journal clubs. During the indicator development process, eleven guidelines were reviewed for quality, resulting in three quality guidelines. From these three guidelines, 12 recommendations were extracted. Quality indicators were then identified by a consensus process, resulting in 24 discrete indicators for the chart audit. For the descriptive case study, fifty-four charts were audited, and interviews were conducted with nine students, seven nurses, one professor, and one clinical instructor. Multiple documents were reviewed, and a site visit was conducted. There are gaps between pain guideline recommendations and practice in the clinical setting. Examples of barriers include the perception that guidelines are not applicable for the clinical setting, lack of knowledge regarding guidelines and an emphasis on task completion in the clinical setting. Facilitators included access to resources, curriculum changes, and the integration of guidelines in policies and procedures. These findings can inform the development, implementation and evaluation of evidence based educational strategies that take into account the multiple actors that impact nursing students’ experience, namely, in-class professors, clinical instructors, and staff nurses. Future education and research approaches should be rooted in knowledge translation and education theory.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The traditional approach to physiotherapy education is that of an applied science, in which scientific theory and therapeutic skills are taught in a classroom, and then implemented in a clinical setting. Many difficulties were demonstrated by students during the clinical practice component of the undergraduate course at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). This raised the question of whether current strategies of clinical education were effective in facilitating the development of the clinical skills deemed necessary for professional practice. Furthermore, it appeared to me that the teaching strategies which I employed did little to integrate classroom teaching with clinical practice. During 1993 and 1994 I initiated two cycles of workshops as an action research project, in collaboration with students and colleagues at UWC. The purpose of the workshops was for me to investigate my practice as a clinical educator, whereby I hoped to understand more fully, and therefore enhance, my teaching practice. The study revealed that clinical education is a complex and dynamic process strongly influenced by many factors. Personal perceptions of the educator's role in clinical teaching and learning, as well as the interaction with, and expections of those participating in clinical education, shape teaching practice. The concept of a positive learning environment was explored, and it was found that collaboration_with students and classroom democracy has a significant impact on student motivation. The effect of a variety of reading and writing tasks, co-operative learning and structured group discussion are some of the teaching strategies that were implemented, and positively evaluated by students and colleagues. Ethical considerations relating to the role of the patient during clinical practice and clinical education developed as an important aspect of the workshops. The conflict which can arise between the related roles of clinical educator and clinician, evolved as a professional dilemma. It is suggested that the process of clinical education requires further investigation. Educational change and innovation proved to be a difficult personal, and co-operative, process. Unique responses by different groups of individuals to similar situations or strategies make this issue more complex. In order to practice more competently, it would be appropriate that the clinical education process be thoroughly investigated in order to be more fully understood by physiotherapy educators, rather than be taken for granted. Action research proved to be an effective and flexible vehicle for investigating, and responding to, the dynamic teaching process. The action research study documented in this thesis, being similar in effect to the therapeutic process, would serve the physiotherapy clinician as effectively as it would the physiotherapy lecturer.

The core values, need, and benefits of clinical education/supervision will be presented, along with recommendations of the 2016 ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training. Information on ASHA resources and training opportunities within clinical education/supervision will be shared with regard to the Run-Grow-Transform model of the ASHA Strategic Pathway.