A utilização do sistema LiDAR na obtenção de dados da superfície da Terra vem se disseminando cada vez mais pelo alto desempenho na aquisição da informação e pela efetiva utilização dos produtos e subprodutos. Diversos segmentos passaram a adotar os produtos LiDAR como insumo básico e fundamental em suas rotinas de trabalho e estudos. O sucesso em um projeto que envolve aquisição e utilização desse tipo de dado está atrelado diretamente à definição e seu planejamento. O usuário deve ser capaz de definir o escopo básico e as diretrizes técnicas fundamentais que irão garantir que a demanda final seja alcançada. Diante disto se faz necessário elaborar um planejamento estabelecendo a melhor configuração para a aquisição dos dados e também os tipos de informações que serão extraídas destes produtos. Referente ao primeiro aspecto pode-se dizer que este é a base para a todo o projeto. Por meio dele é garantido a obtenção de produtos conforme a necessidade do usuário (resoluções espaciais dos produtos, o nível de detalhamento dos objetos, representação da topografia e outros). Muitos dos usuários que contratam serviços de perfilamento LiDAR não possuem embasamento técnico suficiente para definir a melhor especificação a ser adotada. Isto faz com que a maioria deles opte por adquirir uma alta densidade de pontos que, muitas vezes é desnecessária e ainda que atendam à demanda final tornam o projeto financeiramente oneroso. Esta pesquisa mostra que para um ambiente urbano regular, nuvens de pontos com baixas densidades (4 pts/m² e 8 pts/m²) apresentam uma equivalência na qualidade geométrica para produtos e subprodutos obtidos que serão utilizados para determinadas aplicações, não havendo a necessidade de utilizar nuvens com uma alta densidade (16 pts/m²) em projetos que utilizam estes dados em estudos altimétricos: geração do Modelo Digital de Terreno, curvas de nível, pontos cotados e também planimétricos: Modelo Digital de Elevação (Superfície e Normalizada) e seus derivados (altura e contorno de objetos, imagem de intensidade, cobertura vegetal e outros). / The use of the LiDAR system in obtaining data from the Earth\'s surface has been increasingly disseminated by the high performance in the acquisition of information and the effective use of products and by-products. Several segments started to adopt LiDAR products as basic and fundamental input in their works and studies. Success in a project that involves the acquisition and use of this type of data is directly linked to the definition and its planning. The user must be able to define the basic scope and the fundamental technical guidelines that will guarantee that the final demand is reached . In view of this, it is necessary to prepare a planning establishing the best configuration for the data acquisition and also the types of information that will be extracted from these products. Regarding the first aspect can be said that this is the basis for the whole project. Through it is guaranteed to obtain products according to the user is needs (spatial resolutions of the products, the level of detail of the objects, representation of the topography and others). Many of the users who hire LiDAR profiling services do not have sufficient technical background to define the best specification to adopt. This makes the majority of them choose to acquire a high density of points that is often unnecessary and even if they meet the final demand make the project financially costly. This research shows that for a regular urban environment, low point density clouds (4 pts/m² and 8 pts/m²) present an equivalence in the geometric quality for products and by-products obtained that will be used for certain applications. The need to use clouds with a high density (16 pts/m²) in projects that use this data in altimetric studies: generation of Digital Terrain Model, contourlines, quoted points and also planimetric: Digital Elevation Model (Surface and Normalized) and its derivatives (height and contour of objects, intensity image, vegetation cover and others).

A utilização do sistema LiDAR na obtenção de dados da superfície da Terra vem se disseminando cada vez mais pelo alto desempenho na aquisição da informação e pela efetiva utilização dos produtos e subprodutos. Diversos segmentos passaram a adotar os produtos LiDAR como insumo básico e fundamental em suas rotinas de trabalho e estudos. O sucesso em um projeto que envolve aquisição e utilização desse tipo de dado está atrelado diretamente à definição e seu planejamento. O usuário deve ser capaz de definir o escopo básico e as diretrizes técnicas fundamentais que irão garantir que a demanda final seja alcançada. Diante disto se faz necessário elaborar um planejamento estabelecendo a melhor configuração para a aquisição dos dados e também os tipos de informações que serão extraídas destes produtos. Referente ao primeiro aspecto pode-se dizer que este é a base para a todo o projeto. Por meio dele é garantido a obtenção de produtos conforme a necessidade do usuário (resoluções espaciais dos produtos, o nível de detalhamento dos objetos, representação da topografia e outros). Muitos dos usuários que contratam serviços de perfilamento LiDAR não possuem embasamento técnico suficiente para definir a melhor especificação a ser adotada. Isto faz com que a maioria deles opte por adquirir uma alta densidade de pontos que, muitas vezes é desnecessária e ainda que atendam à demanda final tornam o projeto financeiramente oneroso. Esta pesquisa mostra que para um ambiente urbano regular, nuvens de pontos com baixas densidades (4 pts/m² e 8 pts/m²) apresentam uma equivalência na qualidade geométrica para produtos e subprodutos obtidos que serão utilizados para determinadas aplicações, não havendo a necessidade de utilizar nuvens com uma alta densidade (16 pts/m²) em projetos que utilizam estes dados em estudos altimétricos: geração do Modelo Digital de Terreno, curvas de nível, pontos cotados e também planimétricos: Modelo Digital de Elevação (Superfície e Normalizada) e seus derivados (altura e contorno de objetos, imagem de intensidade, cobertura vegetal e outros). / The use of the LiDAR system in obtaining data from the Earth\'s surface has been increasingly disseminated by the high performance in the acquisition of information and the effective use of products and by-products. Several segments started to adopt LiDAR products as basic and fundamental input in their works and studies. Success in a project that involves the acquisition and use of this type of data is directly linked to the definition and its planning. The user must be able to define the basic scope and the fundamental technical guidelines that will guarantee that the final demand is reached . In view of this, it is necessary to prepare a planning establishing the best configuration for the data acquisition and also the types of information that will be extracted from these products. Regarding the first aspect can be said that this is the basis for the whole project. Through it is guaranteed to obtain products according to the user is needs (spatial resolutions of the products, the level of detail of the objects, representation of the topography and others). Many of the users who hire LiDAR profiling services do not have sufficient technical background to define the best specification to adopt. This makes the majority of them choose to acquire a high density of points that is often unnecessary and even if they meet the final demand make the project financially costly. This research shows that for a regular urban environment, low point density clouds (4 pts/m² and 8 pts/m²) present an equivalence in the geometric quality for products and by-products obtained that will be used for certain applications. The need to use clouds with a high density (16 pts/m²) in projects that use this data in altimetric studies: generation of Digital Terrain Model, contourlines, quoted points and also planimetric: Digital Elevation Model (Surface and Normalized) and its derivatives (height and contour of objects, intensity image, vegetation cover and others).

在裝飾紋路當中，雲紋裝飾圖樣扮演著一個十分重要的角色，它是十分常見的一種設計元素，而東方人對於雲紋裝飾圖樣的表現手法有別於西方，以簡單的曲線抽象地呈現雲朵的姿態。非相片寫實電腦繪圖技術(Non-photorealistic Rendering)不同於傳統上的電腦圖學技術，NPR著重於產生各式各樣非傳統光學物理的繪圖效果，最重要的是如何分析各種藝術的結構和技巧，進而加以統整之後，建立系統性的演算法，將其重現於數位空間。本論文便是針對自古所流傳下來的東方雲紋圖樣的設計去做分析，進而發展出一套系統，讓使用者輸入一些簡易的筆畫線條，以此資訊作為雲紋圖樣生成的初始設定，然後自動地產生出具有東方風格雲紋圖樣特徵的結果。 / Cloud patterns are very common design elements used in the oriental decoration, and can well harmonize with other ornament patterns. The expression of oriental cloud patterns uses simple curves to abstract the natural phenomenon. Non-photorealistic computer graphics (NPR) technology focuses on analyzing and integrating the principle of the various arts and skills to establish a systematic method to reproduce the stylization. This thesis tries to analyze the structure of the traditional cloud patterns, and building a system to generate the similar style cloud patterns. The system allows users to sketch some simple strokes lines as an initial setting, and then automatically generate various results with the stylization of the oriental cloud pattern.

本篇論文對於傳統的東方風格雲紋進行分析，歸納其中的生成規則與排列特性，並將雲紋圖樣作簡單的分類，發現雲紋圖樣具有自我相似與遞迴組成的特性，此點特性非常符合原本用於模擬植物生長的L-system，所以我們就針對所蒐集的眾多雲紋圖樣參考資料所分析出的資訊定義了一個適用於立體東方風格雲紋的生成生長規則，以L-system之技術為基礎進行撰寫規則語法，利用所定義結構化之規則循序地在三維空間中動態模擬雲紋的生長與變化。更進一步地，加入具時間序列的參數調整，可以使得雲紋隨著時間軸的變化產生東方風格立體動態雲紋。 / Cloud Pattern is an important and common element in oriental decoration art, it is a challenge to extend the 2D abstract line into 3D objects. In this thesis, we try to induce the pattern generation rule and the feature of oriental cloud by analyzing the ancient oriental cloud pattern. We make classification from the oriental 2D cloud pattern, and discover the pattern is combined with symmetric, self-similar and repetitive features. These characteristic are the core of L-System, which is a suitable framework for plant growth and simulation, so we generate a new rule with specific parameter from the feature of 2D cloud pattern to generate oriental cloud pattern in 3-dimention space, simulating the growth of cloud and variety in structure. Further, we add the time temporal parameter to control the 3D oriental cloud pattern generation process dynamically.

In recent years, software tools used for Global Software Development (GSD) processes (e.g., continuous integration, version control and bug tracking) are increasingly being deployed in the cloud to serve multiple users. Multitenancy is an important architectural property in cloud computing in which a single instance of an application is used to serve multiple users. There are two key challenges of implementing multitenancy: (i) ensuring isolation either between multiple tenants accessing the service or components designed (or integrated) with the service; and (ii) resolving trade-offs between varying degrees of isolation between tenants or components. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to architect the deployment of cloud-hosted service while guaranteeing the required degree of multitenancy isolation. Existing approaches for architecting the deployment of cloud-hosted services to serve multiple users have paid little attention to evaluating the effect of the varying degrees of multitenancy isolation on the required performance, resource consumption and access privilege of tenants (or components). Approaches for isolating tenants (or components) are usually implemented at lower layers of the cloud stack and often apply to the entire system and not to individual tenants (or components). This thesis adopts a multimethod research strategy to providing a set of novel approaches for addressing these problems. Firstly, a taxonomy of deployment patterns and a general process, CLIP (CLoud-based Identification process for deployment Patterns) was developed for guiding architects in selecting applicable cloud deployment patterns (together with the supporting technologies) using the taxonomy for deploying services to the cloud. Secondly, an approach named COMITRE (COmponent-based approach to Multitenancy Isolation Through request RE-routing) was developed together with supporting algorithms and then applied to three case studies to empirically evaluate the varying degrees of isolation between tenants enabled by multitenancy patterns for three different cloud-hosted GSD processes, namely-continuous integration, version control, and bug tracking. After that, a synthesis of findings from the three case studies was carried out to provide an explanatory framework and new insights about varying degrees of multitenancy isolation. Thirdly, a model-based decision support system together with four variants of a metaheuristic solution was developed for solving the model to provide an optimal solution for deploying components of a cloud-hosted application with guarantees for multitenancy isolation. By creating and applying the taxonomy, it was learnt that most deployment patterns are related and can be implemented by combining with others, for example, in hybrid deployment scenarios to integrate data residing in multiple clouds. It has been argued that the shared component is better for reducing resource consumption while the dedicated component is better in avoiding performance interference. However, as the experimental results show, there are certain GSD processes where that might not necessarily be so, for example, in version control, where additional copies of the files are created in the repository, thus consuming more disk space. Over time, performance begins to degrade as more time is spent searching across many files on the disk. Extensive performance evaluation of the model-based decision support system showed that the optimal solutions obtained had low variability and percent deviation, and were produced with low computational effort when compared to a given target solution.