My thesis describes a tool which creates speed-lines automatically in 3D computer animations. Speed-lines are usually used in comic books to express fast motions in a still image. They are also used in 2D animations. Although animations don't need speed-lines for motions, they are interesting graphic elements and give more sense of speed to the audience. However, speed-lines are not used in the 3D computer animation, so I have implemented the graphic element into the 3D computer animation. The combination of the 2D-looking speed-lines and the 3D computer animations makes a unique look that some animators might want. In addition, making speed-lines based on motions of moving objects or cameras, this tool can make 3D speed-lines which are very difficult to draw by hand.

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Tese de mestrado. Tecnologia Multimédia. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2007

This thesis presents an improved method to calculate renormalization constants in a regularization invariant momentum scheme using twisted boundary conditions. This enables us to simulate with momenta of arbitrary magnitude and a fixed direction. With this new technique, together with non-exceptional kinematics and volume sources, we are able to take a statistically and theoretically precise continuum limit. Thereafter, all the running of the operators with momentum scale is due to their anomalous dimension. We use this to develop a practical scheme for step scaling with off shell vertex functions. We develop the method on 16³ × 32 lattices to show the practicality of using small volume simulations to step scale to high momenta. We also use larger 24³×64 and 32³×64 lattices to compute renormalization constants very accurately. Combining these with previous analyses we are able to extract a precise value for the light and strange quark masses and the neutral kaon mixing parameter BK. We also analyse eigenvectors of the domain wall Dirac matrix. We develop a practical and cost effective way to compute eigenvectors using the implicitly restarted Lanczos method with Chebyshev acceleration. We show that calculating eigenvectors to accelerate propagator inversions is cost effective when as few as one or two propagators are required. We investigate the technique of low mode averaging (LMA) with eigenvectors of the domain wall matrix for the first time. We find that for low energy correlators, pions for example, LMA is very effective at reducing the statistical noise. We also calculated the η and η′ meson masses, which required evaluating disconnected correlation functions and combining stochastic sources with LMA.

Subject of this thesis is Sheep farming in protected areas. Goal of the work is to evaluate pasture management in Mohelno serpentine steppe National Nature Reserve. In this area we conducted ethological observations of sheep herd during two days at the end of May and during eight days in June. Also, samples of pasture crop were collected before the start of grazing and after its ending. Ethological observations were performed in ten-minute intervals. We observed daily activities of the sheep with focus on grazing (19.01 % to 43.58 %), walking (2.92 % to 10.92 %), standing (2.23 % to 16.87 %) and resting (38.29 % to 64.16 %). Gathered data were organized into ethogram, spreadsheet tables, graphs and maps.

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Protected areas, which now cover 11 % of the earth's surface (Rodrigues et al., 2004), play a vital role in tourism and they are being visited by more and more people (Buckley, 2003). These areas have been declared to protect species and habitats from being disturbed by visitors and from habit degradation (Kelly et al., 2002; Boo, 1990). This thesis deals with the monitoring and evaluation of tourism impact of illegal traffic to the National Nature Reserve Vůznice. In this study I have focused on three main units: firstly the vegetation - we mapped the specially protected plant species and habitats assessed valuables in ArcGIS, secondly the evaluation of the impact on bird and finally the monitoring of tourism. Valuable habitat is mixed and very valuable habitats are mainly located in the valley of NPR Vůznice, including roadsides. In contrast, less valuable habitats are spread irregularly. I found 11 kinds of plants protected by law while monitoring endangered plants in the area. Among specially protected species in the area surrounding roads are spring snowflake Leucojum vernum (Spring Snowflake), Lunaria Rediviva (Perennial Honesty), Lilium martagon (Martagon Lily) and a greater proportion of important species is located off roads on slopes, e.g. Aurinia saxatilis (Basket of Gold), Dictamnus...