Gelatina Hidrolisada (GH), Glúten de Trigo (GT) e Isolado Protéico de Soja (IPS) foram misturados em diferentes proporções com o objetivo de substituir proteínas lácteas em uma formulação alimentícia utilizada em programas institucionais de alimentação escolar, buscando-se uma redução de custos sem alterações significativas das propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais do produto final. A qualidade nutricional das misturas foi avaliada de acordo com os métodos \"Escore Químico corrigido pela Digestibilidade PDCAAS\" e \"Razão de Eficiência Protéica - NPR\". As misturas, aplicadas àformulação de uma bebida láctea, foram avaliadas sensorialmente através do método de \"Diferença Escalar do Controle\". Os resultados obtidos experimentalmente pelo delineamento simplex-centróide foram utilizados para modelar equações canônicas de Scheffé que pudessem descrever o efeito da proporção de cada componente na qualidade final. Todos os resultados foram correlacionados através de análise multivariada e representados na forma de Análise de Componente Principal (ACP). Uma \"solução de compromisso\" contendo 25% de GH, 15% GT e 60% de IPS foi selecionada na otimização conjunta das respostas nutricional, sensorial e econômica, resultando na redução média de 6% do custo do produto final sem alteração significativa de qualidade (p < 0,01). Estes resultados revelaram a eficiência da utilização de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas na otimização simultânea e na visualização das interações que ocorrem em processos complexos como sistemas biológicos. / Hidrolizated Gelatin (HG), Wheat Gluten (WG) and Soybean Protein Isolate (SPI) were mixed at different proportions in order to partially replace milk proteins in food formulation utilized in Food Programs to reduce its cost without significant decrease in its nutritional and sensorial properties. The nutritional quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Protein DigestibilityCorrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)\" and \"Net Protein Ratio (NPR)\"methods. The sensorial quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Scale Difference of Control\". The results obtained experimentally by simplex design were used to elaborate Scheffé\'s canonical equations that would describe the effect of the proportion of each component on the final nutritional quality of the product. Ali the results were correlationed by Multivariate Analysis and represented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A \"compromise solution\" containing 25% HG, 15% WG and 60% SPI was selected as multiresponse optimization. This mixture was applicated in food formulation and submitted to the evaluations of nutrition and sensorial quality. The final product showed about 6% of cost reduction without any significant change in its quality (p< 0,01). These results demonstrated the statistics multivariate methods efficiency in simultaneous optimization and visualization of interactions which are present in complex process like biological systems.

Gelatina Hidrolisada (GH), Glúten de Trigo (GT) e Isolado Protéico de Soja (IPS) foram misturados em diferentes proporções com o objetivo de substituir proteínas lácteas em uma formulação alimentícia utilizada em programas institucionais de alimentação escolar, buscando-se uma redução de custos sem alterações significativas das propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais do produto final. A qualidade nutricional das misturas foi avaliada de acordo com os métodos \"Escore Químico corrigido pela Digestibilidade PDCAAS\" e \"Razão de Eficiência Protéica - NPR\". As misturas, aplicadas àformulação de uma bebida láctea, foram avaliadas sensorialmente através do método de \"Diferença Escalar do Controle\". Os resultados obtidos experimentalmente pelo delineamento simplex-centróide foram utilizados para modelar equações canônicas de Scheffé que pudessem descrever o efeito da proporção de cada componente na qualidade final. Todos os resultados foram correlacionados através de análise multivariada e representados na forma de Análise de Componente Principal (ACP). Uma \"solução de compromisso\" contendo 25% de GH, 15% GT e 60% de IPS foi selecionada na otimização conjunta das respostas nutricional, sensorial e econômica, resultando na redução média de 6% do custo do produto final sem alteração significativa de qualidade (p < 0,01). Estes resultados revelaram a eficiência da utilização de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas na otimização simultânea e na visualização das interações que ocorrem em processos complexos como sistemas biológicos. / Hidrolizated Gelatin (HG), Wheat Gluten (WG) and Soybean Protein Isolate (SPI) were mixed at different proportions in order to partially replace milk proteins in food formulation utilized in Food Programs to reduce its cost without significant decrease in its nutritional and sensorial properties. The nutritional quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Protein DigestibilityCorrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)\" and \"Net Protein Ratio (NPR)\"methods. The sensorial quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Scale Difference of Control\". The results obtained experimentally by simplex design were used to elaborate Scheffé\'s canonical equations that would describe the effect of the proportion of each component on the final nutritional quality of the product. Ali the results were correlationed by Multivariate Analysis and represented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A \"compromise solution\" containing 25% HG, 15% WG and 60% SPI was selected as multiresponse optimization. This mixture was applicated in food formulation and submitted to the evaluations of nutrition and sensorial quality. The final product showed about 6% of cost reduction without any significant change in its quality (p< 0,01). These results demonstrated the statistics multivariate methods efficiency in simultaneous optimization and visualization of interactions which are present in complex process like biological systems.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis presents a way of automatically generating a landscape painting in the artistic style of Bob Ross. First, a relatively simple, yet effective and versatile, painting model is presented. The brushes of the painting model can be used on their own for creative applications or as a lower layer to the software components responsible for automation. Next, the brush strokes and parameters used to automatically paint eight different landscape features, each with its own adjustable attributes and randomized forms, are described. Finally, the placement of all of the automated landscape features required to achieve the layout of one of Bob Ross's landscape paintings is shown.

This thesis presents a way of automatically generating a landscape painting in the artistic style of Bob Ross. First, a relatively simple, yet effective and versatile, painting model is presented. The brushes of the painting model can be used on their own for creative applications or as a lower layer to the software components responsible for automation. Next, the brush strokes and parameters used to automatically paint eight different landscape features, each with its own adjustable attributes and randomized forms, are described. Finally, the placement of all of the automated landscape features required to achieve the layout of one of Bob Ross's landscape paintings is shown.

NPR(Non-photorealistic Rendering)主要目的是透過不同的演算法，由電腦自動產生各種不同繪畫風格的影像，目前的NPR系統礙於演算法的計算速度，多數都僅針對靜止的單一圖片進行處理，故本研究試圖對二維空間中已發展的NPR演算法做延伸，在空間領域以及MPEG壓縮領域上分別提出不同的加速效能方式。在空間方面針對不同的範圍套用NPR演算法，如臉部、膚色區塊等有意義的部份；而在MPEG壓縮格式上，透過MPEG中的I,P,B-frame不同的特性，視影像中的差異度做不同的套用方式，以求改進NPR演算法效能，達到即時產生NPR特效的影片或動畫，進一步應用於多媒體娛樂以及人機互動機制。 / Recently, various non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) techniques have been developed for computers to generate images of different artistic styles automatically. Due to the complexity of the algorithms, however, most NPR methods are limited to the processing of static images. It is the objective of this thesis to extend and improve existing NPR techniques to enable near real-time processing of video. The enhancement can be achieved in both spatial and compressed domains. In the spatial domain, computational complexity is reduced by applying NPR only to selective regions in the images, e.g., face or skin area. In the MPEG compressed domain, by exploiting the relationship among I, P, and B frames, different strategies can be developed to increase the efficiency of the NPR algorithm. Experimental results have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed methods and validated the near real-time creation of NPR video effects.

En Computación Gráfica uno de los conceptos más importantes es el \emph{Rendering}, definido como el proceso que a partir de los datos de una escena tridimensional genera una imagen en una ventana de visualización en 2 dimensiones. El rendering siempre se ha enfocado en generar imágenes fotorrealistas, aunque para diversas aplicaciones y escenarios se desea una imagen abstracta y/o estilizada. El proceso que puede generar ese tipo de imágenes es llamado Rendering No Fotorrealista, o NPR por sus siglas en inglés (Non Photorealistic Rendering). El NPR integra conceptos de Computación Gráfica y de Geometría Diferencial, y puede aplicarse en visualización científica e ilustración técnica, con el fin de destacar áreas o contornos de los objetos que son de interés para el observador; en la producción de imágenes que imiten medios tradicionales como la pintura o la acuarela; y en la generación de imágenes que imiten dibujos animados, entre otras áreas. En esta memoria se diseña e implementa un marco de trabajo (framework en inglés) para Computación Gráfica que permite desarrollar técnicas NPR y de rendering tradicional. El diseño del marco de trabajo contempla el estudio de los puntos comunes de diferentes técnicas de NPR y de las áreas asociadas, y, siguiendo el paradigma de la Orientación a Objetos, define distintas componentes internas que pueden ser extendidas para implementar técnicas de NPR y de rendering tradicional. La implementación se realiza en el lenguaje de programación C++ utilizando bibliotecas de código abierto o compatibles con código abierto: se utilizan la biblioteca gráfica OpenGL y el lenguaje Cg para comunicarse con los procesadores de la tarjeta de vídeo (GPU). El marco de trabajo incluye técnicas ya implementadas: para el rendering tradicional se implementaron graficadores de Gouraud y de Phong, mientras que para las técnicas NPR se implementaron graficadores de dibujado animado (Cel-Shading) y de modelos de tonos (Gooch Shading). Se implementaron extractores de líneas de interés (Siluetas y Contornos Sugestivos), así como una clase abstracta que permite definir nuevos tipos de líneas a extraer. La demostración de estas implementaciones se realiza mediante una aplicación de prueba que permite cargar modelos tridimensionales estáticos y animados; los resultados obtenidos se muestran mediante imágenes de los modelos tridimensionales cargados en la aplicación de prueba. Finalmente se realiza una discusión sobre el trabajo futuro, sobre las posibles líneas de investigación a seguir en estudios de post-grado y sobre el uso del marco de trabajo para implementar técnicas de rendering no NPR. Se concluye que el marco de trabajo se puede utilizar para el desarrollo de técnicas NPR y de rendering tradicional, que su desempeño es adecuado para el rendering en tiempo real para escenas tridimensionales de tamaño medio y que puede ser utilizado en aplicaciones reales.

Forest territory of third vegetation forest zone of NNR Vývěry Punkvy got hit in 2010 by windstorm Antonín. This windstorm created clear-felled area of approximately 2.68 hectares on which was established permanent research area of 0.2 hectares in 2012 in order to study secondary succession. In 2013-2015 there was regular monitoring of trees on research(mapped out) area and also there were done analyzes on influences of parental stand, stand structure of whole clear-felled area, age and spatial distribution of natural regeneration. Performed analyzes found raid on clear-felled area was present even before the wind disturbancy. Nevertheless there was an increase of seedlings after the windstorm too. The oldest trees on the area are 8 years old and youngest are 2 years old. Rather target trees are regenerated than pioneer ones. Mainly it is ash (Fraxinus excelsior) than it is hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) and 14 other tree species. Ash exceeds significantly other tree species in quantity. Though natural regeneration of fir and oak is missing. Tree species are successfully gaining height eventhough it gets damaged by wildlife. Structure of regeneration on the area is diverse and spotty-depending on site conditions.

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