Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azanha_ElizaniaFabiadeSousa_M.pdf: 949384 bytes, checksum: 9430da9bcf7800d49643e2f36633fc0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: As interações sociais têm sido amplamente estudadas por lingüistas, no Brasil e em outros países. Da mesma forma, encontramos diversos trabalhos que exploram a questão da cognição social, procurando entender como se constroem conhecimentos partilhados e como são utilizados. Nosso trabalho fará uma tentativa de utilizar esses dois conceitos para analisar interações entre alunos do Ensino Médio sobre gêneros televisivos, a que assistiram, em situações por nós propiciadas. Gravamos matérias televisivas e selecionamos gêneros com enfoque para a informação: notícia, comentário e entrevista. Todos apresentados em jornais de grande circulação e em horário nobre, em canal aberto. Solicitamos aos alunos, divididos em três grupos, que assistissem a cada uma das matérias e em seguida comentassem o que haviam compreendido. Esse corpus foi analisado observando-se como compreenderam as matérias através das construções conjuntas de sentido que elaboraram e, ainda, quais as estratégias que utilizaram para demonstrar essa compreensão. Observamos que esses alunos, através da interação, demonstraram compreender as matérias assistidas realizando construções conjuntas, a partir de conhecimentos prévios e uso de recursos como repetições e paráfrases. Concluímos que a interação pode favorecer a construção dos sentidos do texto oral, através de negociações que os indivíduos realizaram buscando apresentar sua compreensão das matérias a que assistiram. E, ainda, que as estratégias de repetição e paráfrase podem, muitas vezes, favorecer essa compreensão por permitir aos informantes, através das retomadas enunciativas, reelaborarem os conteúdos a que assistiram com o intuito de construir novos saberes a partir dos já existentes. Não podemos ignorar o caráter avaliativo presente em muitos dos comentários elaborados pelos alunos nas diferentes interações, o que nos conduz à conclusão de que, quando conhecem o assunto a que assistem consideram-se autorizados a apresentar sua opinião a respeito desse tema. Pretendemos, com nossas análises, apresentar uma possibilidade de trabalho com alunos do Ensino Médio, a partir da mídia televisiva, que trata de gêneros televisivos como objeto de estudo e demonstram a co-construção dos sentidos nas interações propiciadas por esse gênero. / Abstract: The social interaction has been hugely studied by linguistics, in Brazil and in other countries. Likewise, we find several studies that explore the question of social cognition, looking for understanding how communal common grounds are constructed and used. Our paper will try to use both of this concepts to analyze interactions among students of high school level about television genres that they have watched in propitiated situations. We recorded some television programs and we selected genres which focus on information: news, comments and interviews. All of them were presented at newscasts of huge circulation, at nightcast, on open channel. We asked for the pupils, distributed in three groups, to watch each feature and to comment it at following, to show what they had understood. This corpus was analyzed with the goal for seeing how they had comprehended the feature through the common constructions of meaning that they elaborated and, then, which strategies they have used to show this comprehension. We noticed that this students, through the interaction, demonstrate comprehension about the features that they watched, they made common constructions, from their communal common grounds and the use of recourses like repetition and paraphrase. We can conclude that interaction can favor the construction of meanings from oral text, through the negotiation that the individuals made to show their comprehension about the features they had watched. And, still, that the strategies of repetition and paraphrases can, many times, favor that comprehension for letting to the informants re-elaborate the contents that they had watched with the deal of construct new knowledges from those that they have already have, using the enunciative resumed. We can't ignore the evaluated character that it is present at many of the comments elaborated by students in the different interactions, what carry us to the conclusion that when they know the subject that they watch they give theirselves the right to present their opinion about that subject. We intent, with our analysis, present a possibility of work with high school students, from television media, which see the television genres like object of study and demonstrate the co-construction of meanings at interactions propitiated by this genre. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

The study aims at the understanding of the meaning-building process during a group work interaction of tertiary-level students. The article highly emphasizes on the fact that meaning evolves through the interaction of the people, whether verbal or non-verbal, and the group work interaction substantiates the meaning-building process quite emphatically as the interaction is quite intensive and peer-centered. In the way to understand the meaning-making, the study has focused its concentration on turn-taking procedures of the participants as well as the materialization of their competence.

In many institutional settings in today’s globalized job market, people have to deal with different role asymmetries in the co-construction of meaning. In this study, institutional, cultural and linguistic asymmetries are focused on in interviews at an employment agency in Sweden. Interviews between a recruiter and fourteen female job candidates with an academic background from other countries were video taped. Three sequences on personality were analysed: What do you consider to be your strengths? What personal characteristics do you want to improve? and What has made an impact on you? The general aim of the study was to gain knowledge of the processes whereby self-presentations are co-constructed and how participants try to reach common understanding when they do not share common linguistic and cultural resources. Theoretically, the study has a dialogical framework. Discourse is seen as the place where society, culture, situation, individual and language meet and where meaning is constructed through social action. Within an interactional sociolinguistics framework, an holistic approach to methods combines ethnography of communication with ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. The results show that the meaning-making project in this institutional situation is institutionally framed, culturally hidden, socially constrained by face-work and interactionally embedded. The recruiter orients to the institutional frame by embedding reformulations of the candidates’ answers in her uptake, often an adjective, which is filled in on a form and later transferred to a data base. The recruiter also takes on the face-work of the communicative dilemmas that the questions exhibit, for example by using explanations when candidates admit to low self-confidence. It is also shown that for some candidates the hidden agenda of the situation is concealed and that their communicative styles clash with the recruiter’s expectations. The asymmetrical situation can for the candidates be seen as both a resource and a constraint. The linguistic asymmetry is not foregrounded. Instead, the negotiation of meaning concerns the institutional and cultural frame rather than linguistic meanings. On the other hand, the recruiter shows a tendency to normalize the candidates according to her own institutional and cultural knowledge. This dynamic interplay between heterogenization and homogenization tendencies is an important feature in the interviews.