Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) is becoming a popular way to increase the optical throughput of fibers for short to medium haul networks at a reduced cost. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has defned the CWDM network to consist of eighteen channels with channel spacings of 20 nm starting at 1270 nm and ending at 1610 nm.Four and eight channel AWGs on InP, suitable for CWDM, were fabricated using a novel and versatile S-shape design. The standard horseshoe layout will not work on semiconductor for AWGs with a free spectral range (FSR) larger than 30 nm. The AWG design provides operation insensitive to thermal and polarization fluctuations, which is key for low cost operation and packaging. It will be shown thatrefractive index changes over the large operating wavelength band produced negligible effects in the transmission spectrum.Standard AWG design assumes refractive index is a constant over the operating wavelength band. As a result, the output waveguide separations are held constant on the second star coupler. As the channel number increases, secondary focal dispersion causedfrom a changing refractive index can have detrimental effects on performance. A new design method will be introduced which includes refractive index dispersion by allowing the output waveguide separations to vary. The new design is consistent with standard design but is applicable in materials with a linear index dispersion over an arbitrarily large wavelength band.Lastly, a method for increasing the transmission using multimode waveguides is discussed. Traditionally, single mode waveguides are required in order to prevent higher order waveguide modes creating ghost images in the output spectrum. Using bend loss and waveguide junction offsets, higher order modes can be filtered from the output,thereby eliminating ghost images and at the same time, increase transmission.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palmerston Donizzeti Taveira.pdf: 3709250 bytes, checksum: f7776004371e059d73f0d20c8d735c07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-02 / The optical amplifier has improved the optical communication systems because they lead to an increase in transmission capacity of medium and long haul optical systems, with technological advantages over electronic regenerators. The optical amplifier are relatively simple to deploy and can be used in optical links without any troubles regarding signal transmission rate improvement and signal modulation changes, as a consequence of these issues they can substitute the electronic regenerator enhancing security with low operation cost. The CWDM systems multiplex optical wavelength with a low cost in metropolitan networks. It was developed to connect backbone networks to metro core and edge networks with cost saving over DWDM systems but lower transmission capacity. We have developed and characterized in our research a discrete Raman amplifier for operation in O band. We connected the amplifier in a point to point CWDM in order to analyze the gain on the system transmission capacity and the impairments that appears in the system. Working with a eight channel CWDM in O band, modulated with 2.5 Gbit/s, we have demonstrated that we can use a discrete Raman amplifier in single configurations, pre amplifier, booster and line amplifier and shared configuration with booster and pre amplifier to increase the transmission capacity that means, increase the length of the optical link. We have increased in 110% the length of the optical link with a shared configuration of two amplifiers with 10 dB gain for each one. / Os amplificadores ópticos revolucionaram a tecnológica das comunicações ópticas, pois possibilitaram o aumento da capacidade de transmissão dos sistemas ópticos de média e longa distância, com vantagens tecnológicas sobre os regeneradores. Estes dispositivos são relativamente simples de serem desenvolvidos, utilizam poucos componentes e podem ser utilizados nas redes ópticas de forma transparente a taxa de transmissão e modulação do sinal. Substituem assim, com vantagens, os regeneradores eletrônicos, agregando segurança e baixo custo à operação das redes ópticas. Os sistemas CWDM realizam a multiplexação óptica de comprimentos de onda a um baixo custo em redes metropolitanas. São utilizados para conectar as redes de transporte de alta capacidade às redes de acesso, trazendo uma larga vantagem em custo sobre os sistemas DWDM, porém com menor capacidade de transmissão. Nosso trabalho de pesquisa consistiu em desenvolver e caracterizar um amplificador Raman discreto na banda O (1260 a 1360 nm), aplicando este amplificador em um sistema CWDM ponto a ponto com taxa de transmissão de 2.5 Gbit/s por canal e analisando o aumento na capacidade de transmissão e os efeitos que degradam o sinal transmitido. Trabalhando com um sistema CWDM com oito canais na banda O, demonstramos que podemos utilizar um amplificador Raman discreto nas configurações isoladas de pré-amplificador, booster e amplificador de linha e na configuração simultânea de booster e pré-amplificador para aumentar a capacidade de transmissão. Aumentamos o comprimento original do enlace em 110%.