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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of Codium fragile

Borden, Carol Ann January 1968 (has links)
Codium fragile (Suringar) Harlot (Chlorophyta, Codiales) is a siphonous marine alga of extensive distribution and varied habitat. Ordinarily It is described as reproducing sexually, by fusion of anisogamous gametes produced on separate individuals. However, there are populations reported which consist exclusively of female plants reproducing by parthenogenetic germination of female gametes. Three aspects of the biology of a population of Codium fragile from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were studied. (1) Zygotes and germlings were obtained in cultures in the laboratory and their growth and early development were observed. No utricles were produced by young germlings, even after three to four months in culture; the existence of a "juvenile filamentous stage" without utricles is suggested. The possibility of parthenogenetic development of female gametes was investigated and it was found that, in the material studied, zygotes and germlings are produced only in the presence of both male and female plants. (2) Apical segments of C. fragile 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 cm in length were treated with 5 mg/l IAA. IAA-treated 4.5 cm segments showed a slight but significant increase in growth over controls. No such increase was found in IAA-treated 2.5 and 3.5 cm segments. (3) The mitotic cycle and the periodicity of mitosis in germlings in culture were investigated. In most respects mitosis in C. fragile resembles "normal" mitosis. However, a persistent nucleolus-like body was observed during all stages of division. Attempts to ascertain the chemical nature of this body were unsuccessful. Experiments on the periodicity of mitosis disclosed a series of peaks of mitotic activity which appear to be unrelated to the time of onset of light or darkness. Mitosis within any one germling is asynchronous. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate
2

Processus adaptatifs des végétaux marins face au changement climatique à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace : dynamique de populations, métabolomique, écophysiologie et potentiels de valorisation / Adaptative process of marine macrophytes in a context of climatic change at several time and spatial scales : phenology, metabolomic, ecophysiology and bioinspired applications

Surget, Gwladys 10 July 2017 (has links)
Trois modèles invasifs à large répartition en Europe, le long d'un gradient latitudinal Norvège-Portugal, ont été choisis : Sargassum muticum, Codium fragile et Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Cette thèse a pour objectif l'étude de la phénologie, de l'écophysiologie et du métabolome de ces macrophytes invasifs face à une variation de facteurs environnementaux 1) à une échelle locale, 2) à l'échelle du gradient latitudinal (en lien avec le changement climatique global) ainsi que l'étude 3) des voies de valorisation possibles des métabolites de stress par bio-inspiration. Le gradient latitudinal, se traduisant par un gradient thermique, permet de mimer le réchauffement climatique car les conséquences de ce changement climatique sur les espèces en milieu naturel ne sont généralement appréciables qu'à l'échelle de dizaines d'années. Les suivis de l'écologie, dumétabolome ainsi que des impacts potentiels de ces espèces à une échelle locale en France, a permis d'étudier le développement et le cycle de vie des espèces. En particulier, G. vermiculophylla se caractérise par une phénologie spécifique (avec la prépondérance de petits fragments végétatifs, <3cm) en Rade de Brest et par une tolérance accrue à l'envasement jusqu'à 12 cm de profondeur en acclimatant son métabolome tout en maintenant une physiologie dormante. Cette espèce ingénieur impacte en profondeur l'écosystème vaseux de la Rade. Le suivi le long du gradient latitudinal a permis d'illustrer la plasticité phénologique des espèces et notamment un potentiel invasif contrasté de C. fragile entre les différentes latitudes. Lors de marée basse de vives eaux, les espèces présentent une acclimatation de leur photo-physiologie en fonction de la latitude avec la mise en évidence d'une photoinhibition du PSll, lié au stress engendré par les conditions environnementales.Enfin, ce travail a illustré les propriétés multifonctionnelles d'extraits enrichis en composés phénoliques, présentant des activités antioxydantes mais également photoprotectrices ou ostéogéniques, soulignant l'émergence de voies de valorisation originales par bio-inspiration pour divers secteurs tels que la cosmétologie et les biomatériaux en santé humaine. / Three model species with a large distribution along European coasts, along a latitudinal gradient from Norway to Portugal was chosen: Sargassum muticum, Codium fragile and Gracilaria vermiculophylla. The aims of this PhD thesis were to study the phenology, ecophysiology and the metabolom of these non-native marine macrophytes and their ability to cope with a variation of environmental factors 1) at a population scale, 2) along the latitudinal gradient (in relation with the global climatic change) and to propose 3) bio-inspired molecules for industrial purposes. The latitudinal gradient corresponding to a thermic gradient, allows to imitate the global warming as climatic change ¡mpacts are most of the time only visible at decennial scale.Monitorings of ecology, metabolome and potential impacts of these macroalgae, at a population scale, allowed to study the development and life cycle of these models. In particular, G. vermiculophylla exhibited a specific phenology (with a majority of small vegetative fragments, <3cm) in the Bay of Brest and a highly tolerance to burial until 12 cm depth in the sediment by acclimatizing its metabolome together with the ability to maintain a dormancy physiology. This engineer species modifies deeply muddy shores of this Bay. Latitunal gradients's monitoring highlighted the phenological plasticity and a contrasted invasive potential of C.fragile between latitudes. During low spring tides, species exhibited an acclimation of their photophysiology between latitudes with photoinhibition process related to induce environmental stress. Furthermore, this work showed the multifunctional properties of polyphenols enriched extracts with antioxidant, photoprotective or osteogenic activities, highlighting the emergence of original bio-inspired pathways for cosmetic or biomaterial applications.

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