Microbubble ultrasound (US) contrast agents have been used to monitor the progression of anti-angiogenic chemotherapies. However, US backscatter measurements used in contrast imaging are inherently variable, given the presence of many microbubbles of random position and size. A model was developed to investigate the influence of US scanner and microbubble characteristics on these variable measurements. The Coefficient of Variation was used to measure variability. It was found that an optimum excitation frequency exists that minimizes this variability. In the case of DefinityTM, a 2.25 MHz centre-frequency pulse yielded a less variable measurement than at 5 MHz. Conversely, decreasing microbubbble concentration was found to significantly increase variability. Evidence suggests that microbubbles are no longer Rayleigh scatterers at sufficient low concentrations. Post-processing was found to aid in reducing measurement variability by averaging samples where microbubble positions are uncorrelated. As well, reduction can be achieved by averaging about a region-of-interest of uniform perfusion.

As information technologies advanced greatly in recent years, the security problem of information networks becomes all the more important. As a result, biometric identification techniques have been given considerable attention. Fingerprint-related techniques, due to these desirable properties, i.e., universality, perpetuity, collectability and particularity, are most widely applied and documented. However, in practice, collected fingerprint images are not always of good quality. They often are noisy or are even partial images. Therefore, in this research, we propose a new minutiae matching method, while using a coefficient of variation of orientation difference, a coefficient of frequency correlation, along with other image features to obtain a match based on only partial fingerprints. By the proposed method, when a score is arrived at and the test image and the database image have five minutia points matched, we have both FRR and FAR values close to 29%, and the correctness of matching reaches 70.56%.

Microbubble ultrasound (US) contrast agents have been used to monitor the progression of anti-angiogenic chemotherapies. However, US backscatter measurements used in contrast imaging are inherently variable, given the presence of many microbubbles of random position and size. A model was developed to investigate the influence of US scanner and microbubble characteristics on these variable measurements. The Coefficient of Variation was used to measure variability. It was found that an optimum excitation frequency exists that minimizes this variability. In the case of DefinityTM, a 2.25 MHz centre-frequency pulse yielded a less variable measurement than at 5 MHz. Conversely, decreasing microbubbble concentration was found to significantly increase variability. Evidence suggests that microbubbles are no longer Rayleigh scatterers at sufficient low concentrations. Post-processing was found to aid in reducing measurement variability by averaging samples where microbubble positions are uncorrelated. As well, reduction can be achieved by averaging about a region-of-interest of uniform perfusion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-01-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_la_me_botfca.pdf: 1207218 bytes, checksum: c40efa691ed75ddb73200db6e9eaa325 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A irrigação por gotejamento no Brasil ganhou novo impulso a partir dos anos 90, quando diversas empresas internacionais especializadas neste mercado aportaram por aqui. Alguns destes produtos que estão no mercado, quando apresentam informações técnicas, normalmente não estão em Português. A existência de normas de avaliação que sejam aceitas pela comunidade tem grande valia para os que escolhem, projetam, compram, instalam, operam e avaliam equipamentos de irrigação. Uma norma estabelecida representa o estado da arte em sua área de atuação. A ISO 9261:2004 é uma norma internacional que orienta como avaliar e especificar gotejadores (emissores com vazão menor ou igual a 24 L.h-1) e entre outras informações, defini o que é uma mangueira gotejadora colapsável, ou fita do Inglês tape. O ensaio de resistência à tensão conforme a ISO 9261:2004 é uma ferramenta útil para classificar um modelo de mangueira gotejadora em reutilizável e não reutilizável. A mangueira reutilizável pode ser removida do campo e ser reinstalada de uma época de cultivo para outra. A mangueira gotejadora não reutilizável não é adequada para ser removida do campo para outra reinstalação. O objetivo deste estudo foi a de aplicar a ISO 9261:2004 na avaliação de mangueiras gotejadoras colapsáveis, daqui em diante citada como mangueira (s) gotejadora (s). No Laboratório de Irrigação da Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, ensaiou-se duas mangueiras gotejadoras de acordo com a norma ISO 9261:2004. Uma marca é o Golden Drip fabricado na Coréia do Sul pela empresa Seo Won Inc, e a outra é um protótipo em fase de testes, codificado como P2015, da empresa Petroisa Brasil. Os dois produtos avaliados não foram especificados e/ou fabricados de acordo com a norma ISO 9261. As duas mangueiras gotejadoras são similares visualmente... / Drip irrigation systems in Brazilian Market have had an increase after 90`s, when several expertise international corporations in that business came here. Some drip tapes that farmers can find in Brazilian Market, donþt have technical information in Portuguese language. Standards in their respective areas can be important tools for people who select, design, purchase, install, operate and evaluate irrigation equipment. 5 The ISO 9261:2004 gives mechanical and functional requirements for agricultural irrigation emitters and emitting pipes, and, provides methods for testing conformity with such requirements. It also specifies the data to be supplied by the manufacturer to permit correct information, installation and operation in the field. It is applicable to emitters, emitting and dripping (trickling) pipes, hoses, including collapsible hoses (tapes) and tubing of which the emitting units form an integral part, to emitters and emitting units with or without pressure regulation and with flow rates not exceeding 24 L.h-1 per outlet. It is not applicable to porous pipe, nor does it cover the performance of pipes as regards clogging. The carry out the resistence to tension for emitting pipe is a good tool to classify in non-reusable and reusable emitting pipes. Non-reusable emitting pipe is not intended for removal from the field and reinstallation. Reusable emitting pipe is designed for removal from the field and reinstallation with proper handling from one season to another or under other circumstances. This work was developed at the Irrigation Laboratory - UNESP to evaluate two drip collapsible hose (P2015 and Golden Drip) according to ISO 9261:2004. The Golden Drip is a commercial product from South Korea and P2015 is an industrial prototype from Petroisa Brasil. Both drip tape are similar. The raw material is basic polyethylene resin added with UV protection...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hachuy_l_me_botfca.pdf: 561032 bytes, checksum: e2112f64e18c75e1470be1df52d15a35 (MD5) / Dentre as operações preliminares para a boa condução de uma cultura instalada a campo está a calagem, que visa corrigir as propriedades químicas do solo e também a adubação a lanço com nitrogênio, tradicionalmente utilizada em cobertura, e hoje numa nova tendência, em pré-plantio. Não se tem domínio ou informações confiáveis sobre a maioria das máquinas disponíveis no mercado brasileiro referentes à qualidade da aplicação realizada por esses equipamentos, bem como a sua largura efetiva de trabalho. Essa largura é determinada como função de uma regularidade mínima na dosagem, obtida a partir da sobreposição com passadas adjacentes. A determinação da largura de trabalho ou largura efetiva é definida a partir de ensaios padronizados. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, no ano de 2008, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – Unesp- Campus de Botucatu SP, em solo classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o desempenho de um distribuidor a lanço na aplicação de calcário e uréia com 4 diferentes posições de aletas nos discos em uma mesma velocidade de deslocamento do trator. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1- calcário – largura de distribuição média e direcionamento do produto intermediário; T2- calcário – largura de distribuição menor e direcionamento do produto mais para o centro; T3- calcário – largura de distribuição maior e direcionamento do produto mais para as extremidades; T4- calcário – ajuste de somente duas aletas em ângulos diferentes das demais; T5- uréia – ajuste de somente duas aletas em ângulos diferentes das demais; T6- uréia – largura de distribuição média e direcionamento do produto intermediário; T7- uréia – largura de distribuição menor e direcionamento do produto mais para o centro;... / Among the preliminary to the smooth conduct of a culture installed the field is set, seeking to correct the chemical properties of soil and and also the fertilizing to throw, traditionally used in covering, and today in a new tendency, in daily pre-planting. There is no field or reliable information on the majority of machines available in the Brazilian market concerning the quality of the application made by such equipment as well as its effective width of work. This width is determined as a function of the regular minimum strength, obtained from the overlap with adjacent past. The determination of the width of work or effective width is defined from standardized tests. Liming, in most cases is done with machines called specialized applications of fertilizers and corrective. The machines are divided as the mechanism doser in centrifugal and continuous thread. Quantities ideals are obtained through specific formulas. The experiment was carried out in 2008, on the the Experimental Farm Lageado of São Paulo State University in Botucatu, on soil classified as Dystroferric Red Nitosol.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of primary distributor with a haul in the application of lime and urea with 4 different positions of fins on the disks in the same speed of displacement of the tractor. The treatments were: T1-lime - average width of distribution and product direction of the intermediary, T2-lime - width of distribution and lower direction of the product more to the center; T3-lime - width and direction of greater distribution of the product more to the extremities; T4-lime - adjustment of only two fins at different angles of the other; T5-urea - adjustment of only two fins at different angles of the other; T6-urea - average width of distribution and product direction of the intermediary; T7 -urea - width of distribution and lower direction of the product more to the center;... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Ramiundo Leite Cruz / Banca: Tarlei Arriel Botrel / Resumo: A irrigação por gotejamento no Brasil ganhou novo impulso a partir dos anos 90, quando diversas empresas internacionais especializadas neste mercado aportaram por aqui. Alguns destes produtos que estão no mercado, quando apresentam informações técnicas, normalmente não estão em Português. A existência de normas de avaliação que sejam aceitas pela comunidade tem grande valia para os que escolhem, projetam, compram, instalam, operam e avaliam equipamentos de irrigação. Uma norma estabelecida representa o estado da arte em sua área de atuação. A ISO 9261:2004 é uma norma internacional que orienta como avaliar e especificar gotejadores (emissores com vazão menor ou igual a 24 L.h-1) e entre outras informações, defini o que é uma mangueira gotejadora colapsável, ou fita do Inglês "tape". O ensaio de resistência à tensão conforme a ISO 9261:2004 é uma ferramenta útil para classificar um modelo de mangueira gotejadora em reutilizável e não reutilizável. A mangueira reutilizável pode ser removida do campo e ser reinstalada de uma época de cultivo para outra. A mangueira gotejadora não reutilizável não é adequada para ser removida do campo para outra reinstalação. O objetivo deste estudo foi a de aplicar a ISO 9261:2004 na avaliação de mangueiras gotejadoras colapsáveis, daqui em diante citada como mangueira (s) gotejadora (s). No Laboratório de Irrigação da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, ensaiou-se duas mangueiras gotejadoras de acordo com a norma ISO 9261:2004. Uma marca é o Golden Drip fabricado na Coréia do Sul pela empresa Seo Won Inc, e a outra é um protótipo em fase de testes, codificado como P2015, da empresa Petroisa Brasil. Os dois produtos avaliados não foram especificados e/ou fabricados de acordo com a norma ISO 9261. As duas mangueiras gotejadoras são similares visualmente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Drip irrigation systems in Brazilian Market have had an increase after 90's, when several expertise international corporations in that business came here. Some drip tapes that farmers can find in Brazilian Market, donþt have technical information in Portuguese language. Standards in their respective areas can be important tools for people who select, design, purchase, install, operate and evaluate irrigation equipment. 5 The ISO 9261:2004 gives mechanical and functional requirements for agricultural irrigation emitters and emitting pipes, and, provides methods for testing conformity with such requirements. It also specifies the data to be supplied by the manufacturer to permit correct information, installation and operation in the field. It is applicable to emitters, emitting and dripping (trickling) pipes, hoses, including collapsible hoses ("tapes") and tubing of which the emitting units form an integral part, to emitters and emitting units with or without pressure regulation and with flow rates not exceeding 24 L.h-1 per outlet. It is not applicable to porous pipe, nor does it cover the performance of pipes as regards clogging. The carry out the resistence to tension for emitting pipe is a good tool to classify in non-reusable and reusable emitting pipes. Non-reusable emitting pipe is not intended for removal from the field and reinstallation. Reusable emitting pipe is designed for removal from the field and reinstallation with proper handling from one season to another or under other circumstances. This work was developed at the Irrigation Laboratory - UNESP to evaluate two drip collapsible hose (P2015 and Golden Drip) according to ISO 9261:2004. The Golden Drip is a commercial product from South Korea and P2015 is an industrial prototype from Petroisa Brasil. Both drip tape are similar. The raw material is basic polyethylene resin added with UV protection...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Dentre as operações preliminares para a boa condução de uma cultura instalada a campo está a calagem, que visa corrigir as propriedades químicas do solo e também a adubação a lanço com nitrogênio, tradicionalmente utilizada em cobertura, e hoje numa nova tendência, em pré-plantio. Não se tem domínio ou informações confiáveis sobre a maioria das máquinas disponíveis no mercado brasileiro referentes à qualidade da aplicação realizada por esses equipamentos, bem como a sua largura efetiva de trabalho. Essa largura é determinada como função de uma regularidade mínima na dosagem, obtida a partir da sobreposição com passadas adjacentes. A determinação da largura de trabalho ou largura efetiva é definida a partir de ensaios padronizados. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, no ano de 2008, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Unesp- Campus de Botucatu SP, em solo classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o desempenho de um distribuidor a lanço na aplicação de calcário e uréia com 4 diferentes posições de aletas nos discos em uma mesma velocidade de deslocamento do trator. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1- calcário - largura de distribuição média e direcionamento do produto intermediário; T2- calcário - largura de distribuição menor e direcionamento do produto mais para o centro; T3- calcário - largura de distribuição maior e direcionamento do produto mais para as extremidades; T4- calcário - ajuste de somente duas aletas em ângulos diferentes das demais; T5- uréia - ajuste de somente duas aletas em ângulos diferentes das demais; T6- uréia - largura de distribuição média e direcionamento do produto intermediário; T7- uréia - largura de distribuição menor e direcionamento do produto mais para o centro;... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Among the preliminary to the smooth conduct of a culture installed the field is set, seeking to correct the chemical properties of soil and and also the fertilizing to throw, traditionally used in covering, and today in a new tendency, in daily pre-planting. There is no field or reliable information on the majority of machines available in the Brazilian market concerning the quality of the application made by such equipment as well as its effective width of work. This width is determined as a function of the regular minimum strength, obtained from the overlap with adjacent past. The determination of the width of work or effective width is defined from standardized tests. Liming, in most cases is done with machines called specialized applications of fertilizers and corrective. The machines are divided as the mechanism doser in centrifugal and continuous thread. Quantities ideals are obtained through specific formulas. The experiment was carried out in 2008, on the the Experimental Farm Lageado of São Paulo State University in Botucatu, on soil classified as Dystroferric Red Nitosol.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of primary distributor with a haul in the application of lime and urea with 4 different positions of fins on the disks in the same speed of displacement of the tractor. The treatments were: T1-lime - average width of distribution and product direction of the intermediary, T2-lime - width of distribution and lower direction of the product more to the center; T3-lime - width and direction of greater distribution of the product more to the extremities; T4-lime - adjustment of only two fins at different angles of the other; T5-urea - adjustment of only two fins at different angles of the other; T6-urea - average width of distribution and product direction of the intermediary; T7 -urea - width of distribution and lower direction of the product more to the center;... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Sérgio Hugo Benez / Coorientador: Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva / Banca: Silvio José Bicudo / Banca: Elcio Hiroyoshi Yano / Mestre

A study has been conducted into the causes of cycle by cycle variations in combustion within a spark ignition engine, the best measured engine parameter to use for its characterization, and the effects that: ignition timing, equivalence ratio, fuel type, throttle position and knock, have upon it. A Ricardo E6 single cylinder variable compression ratio research engine was instrumented to allow measurement of: cylinder pressure, temperatures, speed, load, fuel flow and air flow. The engine was also fitted with an optical slice that allowed optical access to the combustion chamber and enabled measurement of the early flame speed (up to 10 mm from spark plug gap) using a laser schileren system. Cylinder pressure data were collected on a dedicated HP1000 computer for every degree of crank angle rotation for up to 300 successive cycles. A phenomenological model was developed for turbulent combustion that split the combustion process into three phases: early laminar burn, turbulent combustion, and final burn. The model allowed the study of the physical phenomena occurring within the combustion chamber and enabled insights to be gained into their effects on combustion and cyclic variations. The study showed: The variation in mixture strength has a far greater effect on the average and Coefficient of Variation (COV) values of all the combustion performance parameters, than does changing the fuel type. Cycle by cycle variations in combustion are best characterized by COV of imep. The onset of knock has no discernible effect on the COVs of the measured parameters. The part throttle results show higher COVs than at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) due to slower burn, supporting the theory that faster initial flame speeds reduce cyclic variations. The combustion model was used to support the hypothesis that cycle by cycle variations are caused by movement of the flame kernel by turbulence within the combustion chamber.

Examples from four disciplines were used to introduce the coefficient of variation which was considered to have considerable usage and application in solving Quality Control and Reliability problems. The statistical properties were found in the statistical literature and are presented, namely, the mean and the variance of the coefficient of variation. The cumulative probability function was determined by two approximate methods and by using the noncentral t distribution. A graphical method to determine approximate confidence intervals and a method to determine if the coefficients of variation from two samples were significantly different from each other are also provided (with examples). Applications of the coefficient of variation to solving some of the main problems encountered in industry that are included in this report are: (a) using the coefficient of variation to measure relative efficiency, (b) acceptance sampling, (c) stress versus strength reliability problem, and (d) estimating the shape parameter of the two parameter Weibull. (84 pages)

In order to quantify the uncertainty in the grade estimate for the Sadiola Deep Sulphide Prefeasibility Project a conditional simulation model was generated using Direct Block Simulation methodology. Compared to conventional Sequential Gaussian Simulation, the Direct Block Simulation algorithm produced a reliable model in significantly less time, lending its application to a production environment. Through application of a mining transfer function, risk pits were generated for comparison with the Deep Sulphide Prefeasibility pit. The results of this study revealed that the prefeasibility pit is optimal at the applied gold price and cost parameters, and that the risk of not achieving the project grade profile is low. Should the gold price increase, or the operating costs of the project decrease significantly, the Deep Sulphide reserve tonnage would realise significant upside potential. The potential for using the simulation model coefficient of variation to improve the classification of the resource has been highlighted. This exercise could allow significant saving of feasibility drilling capital.