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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Funkce inferencí při porozumění textu / Inferences in text understanding

Honková, Tereza January 2011 (has links)
The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.
2

Koheze a koherence ve francouzských a českých textech / Cohesion and Coherence in French and Czech Texts

Rusá, Ludmila January 2011 (has links)
in English This thesis deals with the means that French and Czech use to express the text coherence and cohesion. It pays special attention to functional sentence perspective which is expressed in different ways in these two languages. It focuses on the category of French determinants and its important role in the expression of functional sentence perspective. The empirical part of the thesis explores the possibilities the translator has to express lexically the presence of various determinants that appear in original texts, and it tries to prove the theory that a higher occurrence of determinants in French affects Czech translations. This hypothesis will be proven by comparing the frequency of prounous that occur in Czech translations and Czech original texts.
3

Koheze a koherence textu komiksových příběhů (Astérix a Obélix). / Cohesion and coherence of the comic books´ text (Astérix and Obélix).

MUŽÍČKOVÁ, Nikola January 2015 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the comic book´s texts. The objective of this thesis is the analysis of relationships in this kind of texts, with a special focus on its illustrational constituent part and on the description of several types of anaphora. As a model to the elaboration of this thesis were a few of comic books Astérix, published in French language. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an analytical part. The theoretical part contains three different chapters. First of them deals with the description of comic books as an individual art, the second one describe the comic books Astérix and the third one is dedicated to the linguistic terms, which are closely connected to this subject. All referential relationships between the referential parts of some of comic books Astérix are demonstrated in the analytical part.
4

As redações do SARESP: o texto argumentativo e a análise das três pontas

Sazdjian, Anaid Bertezlian 09 October 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANAID BERTEZLIAN SAZDJIAN.pdf: 3541457 bytes, checksum: b7e127e11d0f01b59c650cdb28241f37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-09 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The current research aimed to examine argumentative texts from SARESP 2005 (School Evaluation and Efficiency System of the State of São Paulo), written by 3rd grade students of high school in a public state school, night shift, east area, and to check to what extent the non-observation of Hoey´s proposal (1994), based on Jordan´s integrated three-pronged analysis (1992), could damage their production. In the current study, I base on Hoey to examine (a) the structure Problem-Solution, since his more detailed proposal completes Jordan´s and being so, I consider it to be more adequate to my analytical purposes. As for items (b) and (c), which are closer related to cohesion and coherence, I make use of the studies of Halliday & Hassan (1989), focusing on Reference Chain (Martin, 1992), which examines lexical repetition and of Eggins (1994), which complements those studies. The methodology of this research was based on qualitative research, as it deals with a study of argumentative texts written by students and basically relied on Hoey´s 1994 Problem-Solution Structure proposal, backed up by Functional Systemic Linguistic. The corpus of this research is composed by 20 essays, evaluated as fair (grade 2), according to SARESP´s evaluating criteria. Out of these essays, five were selected by me to be analyzed in the proposal of this research. The results of this study show that the use of the Three-pronged analysis were not properly used is the essays analyzed. We could show with our research that this proposal helps in the global coherence and cohesion of a text, as well as in students communicative improvement through their written texts / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo examinar textos argumentativos do SARESP 2005 (Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo), produzidos por alunos de 3ª. Série do Ensino Médio da Rede Pública Estadual, período noturno, zona Leste e verificar em que medida a não observação da proposta de Hoey (1994), baseada na análise integrada de Três Pontas (An integrated three-pronged analysis), de Jordan (1992), pôde prejudicar a sua produção. No presente estudo, apóio-me em Hoey para o exame de (a) a estrutura Problema-Solução, já que sua proposta, mais detalhada, completa a de Jordan, e assim julgo-a mais adequada aos meus propósitos analíticos. Já para os itens (b) e (c), que dizem respeito, mais de perto, à coesão e coerência, recorro aos estudos de Halliday & Hasan (1989), com enfoque na Cadeia de Referência (Martin, 1992), que examina a repetição lexical, e de Eggins (1994), que complementa aqueles estudos. Esta pesquisa teve sua metodologia pautada na pesquisa qualitativa, por se tratar de um estudo de textos argumentativos produzidos por alunos e fundamentou-se basicamente na proposta da Estrutura Problema-Solução, de Hoey (1994), com apoio na Lingüística Sistêmico- Funcional. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto de 20 redações, avaliadas com o conceito considerado 2 razoável, pelos critérios de avaliação do SARESP. Destas redações, cinco foram selecionadas por mim para serem analisadas dentro da proposta desta pesquisa. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o uso da proposta das Três Pontas não foram utilizados nas redações adequadamente. Mostramos com nossa pesquisa que esta proposta auxilia na coerência e coesão global do texto, bem como para a eficácia comunicativa dos alunos por meio de seus textos escritos
5

Língua e gênero em redações dissertativo-argumentativas: um enfoque sistêmico funcional / Language and genre in argumentative-dissertational essays: a systemic functional approach

Gonçalves, Fernanda de Castro 26 May 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda de Castro Goncalves.pdf: 454064 bytes, checksum: 32a6dae975f10cad8e5b1fee4c330c63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research came into light due to the need to help my students produce written texts. The dissertational text is, in fact, an argumentative-dissertational text, for, according to Koch (1987), social interaction through language occurs mainly by argumentation. The difficulty in students´ communication, mainly the writing of the argumentative text, has always been present in teachers and researchers´discourses in the education field. Porta (2002), as a philosophy researcher is concerned with the relationship: Situation description- Problem- Thesis- Argumentation. Thus, a dissertational-argumentative text begins with a Description of a problem, proposes a Solution (actually, solution hypothesis) in favor of which the argumentation is presented. In case there are several hypotheses, he adds, it is the arguments that will select the best of them. As long as Description is concerned, he goes on saying that descriptions can play a leading role in many ways; what can´t be done is eliminating the problem as such, reducing the philosophical thesis to a mere description. Considering such questions, what I have observed in my student´s essays (I previously discuss the matter with them) is a tendency to describing the Situation (e.g. violence in São Paulo city), in that little attention is given to pointing out the Problem and because of that, there is no room for a Solution to the problem and being so, less attention is given to the Argumentation. Being a a systemicist, Eggins (1994) claims that the coherence of a text is based on two factors: (a) appropriateness to the genre, which involves a schematic structure (or genre structure) in its stages and finalities and (b) appropriateness to the linguistic register, which must comply with the variables of Field (subject matter), Tenor (the roles of the participants in an interaction) and Mode (how language organizes such elements). The objective of this research is to examine cohesion and coherence in dissertational- argumentative texts written by 2nd year high school students examining their linguistic structure and genre in order to check how they occur in their dissertational-argumentative texts to spot possible problems in these fields. My analysis is based upon Systemic Functional Linguistics ( developed by Halliday 1985; 1994 and his co-authors), which attempts to develop a theory about language as a social process and a methodological process that leads to a detailed and systemic description of the linguistic standards taking into account genre.Therefore, this research must answer the following research questions: (a) how is the genre structure configured in the examined essays? (b) How is the language in these essays presented? / dissertativoargumentativo, pois, como diz Koch (1987), a interação social por intermédio da língua caracteriza-se, fundamentalmente, pela argumentatividade. A dificuldade de comunicação escrita do aluno, em especial, nesse sentido, da redação do texto argumentativo, esteve sempre presente no discurso de professores e pesquisadores da área da educação. Porta (2002), de sua posição de estudioso da Filosofia, trata da relação: Descrição da Situação - Problema Tese Argumentação. Assim, um texto dissertativo-argumentativo, inicia-se com uma Descrição de um Problema, propõe-se uma Solução (na verdade, hipótese de Solução), em favor da qual apresenta-se a Argumentação. No caso de haver várias hipóteses, diz ele, são os argumentos que vão selecionar a melhor delas. A respeito da Descrição, diz ele que a descrição pode desempenhar um papel preponderante em vários sentidos; o que não pode é eliminar o problema enquanto tal, reduzindo, assim, uma tese filosófica a uma mera descrição. Com referências a essas questões, o que tenho verificado nas redações dos meus alunos (com quem sempre discuto previamente o assunto) é uma tendência à descrição da Situação (e.g. violência na cidade de São Paulo), em que pouca atenção de dá ao delineamento do Problema, e que, por isso, não dá lugar à apresentação de uma proposta (hipótese) de Solução, e, assim sendo, menos ainda para os Argumentos em defesa dessa proposta. Eggins (1994), de sua posição de sistemicista, afirma que a coerência de um texto repousa em dois fatores: (a) a adequação ao gênero, que envolve a estrutura esquemática (ou de gênero) com seus estágios e finalidades e (b) a adequação ao registro linguístico, que deve respeitar as variáveis de campo (assunto), relações (os interlocutores envolvidos) e modo (como a língua organiza esses elementos). O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar a coerência e a coesão de textos dissertativo-argumentativos, escritos por alunos de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, examinando sua estrutura linguística e sua estrutura de gênero, a fim de verificar como elas se realizam em seus textos dissertativoargumentativos para detectar possíveis problemas nessas áreas. Assim, a pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: (a) Como se configura a estrutura de gênero nas redações examinadas? (b) Como se apresenta a linguagem dessas redações? Em minha análise, recorro à Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, desenvolvida por Halliday (1985; 1994) e seus colaboradores, a qual procura desenvolver uma teoria sobre a língua como um processo social e uma metodologia que permita uma descrição detalhada e sistemática dos padrões linguísticos, tendo em vista o gênero

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