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1	Essays on Labor Economics and Entrepreneurship Córdova González, Karina Elizabeth January 2013 (has links) This dissertation is composed of two essays that relate topics in the fields of labor economics, migration, experimental economics and entrepreneurship, taking into account a gender perspective. The first essay examines collective remittances, those sent by migrants' associations to be invested in community projects in their hometowns, matched by governmental funds through the Mexican program 3x1 Para Migrantes. This study evaluates the effect of collective remittances on the probability of wanting to migrate, being employed and in the labor force, and on the amount of hours worked of adult men and women in 2002 and 2005 in Mexico. Collective remittances have a positive, albeit modest, impact on the employment and labor force participation of adults in participant municipalities, but no effect on the preferences to migrate. Important differences are observed by type of project executed and by gender and age cohort, with younger men and women benefiting the most from investments in schools and sports facilities. The second essay conducts a series of laboratory experiments to test the hypothesis that, while stress worsens entrepreneurial choices and outcomes for all, it does so more for women than men. Results show that the effects of stress on choice and performance are more negative for women. Experimentally-induced stress causes more long-lasting productivity losses for women, and additional losses for making choices that do not maximize income given one's productivity. The negative treatment effect on women's productivity, choice quality, and earnings is driven by women who experienced negative life events. The mechanisms that affect choices also differ by gender. Men are more likely to present inconsistencies during a series of entrepreneurial decisions, and women to have inaccurate beliefs about their performance. entrepreneurial choices gender effects laboratory experiments labor markets local development Economics collective remittances
2	Determinants for the effective provision of public goods by honduran hometown associations in the United States: the Garífuna case Zavala, Carlos Gustavo Villela January 2006 (has links) Magister Artium - MA / The study concludes that the existence of HTAs in the USA is explained by the socially enforced institution of the hijos del pueblo (sons of the town) having a duty to help their hometowns, as well as the private benefits of preserving Garífuna traditions and the possibility of helping repatriate dead immigrants. Fulfilling this duty (and the consequent prestige attained) provides the incentives to send CRs home. In the cases studied, CRs were used to partly finance potable water projects, electricity projects, road paving, a community centre and the construction of a Catholic temple. In most of the cases HTAs worked with a local development organisation, known as Patronato, which formed specific committees for executing projects, for example the water and the electricity committees. For the construction of the temple, a religious organisation known as Pastoral was the local partner. The term Collective Remittances (CRs) refers to the money sent by migrant associations, known as Hometown Associations (HTAs), to Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) in their hometowns for financing public works projects. Few cases of CR are known in Honduras. The only ones reported are among the Garífunaethnic group living on the Caribbean Coast, and with a large migrant community in New York City (NYC). This mini-master’s thesis is the first study written on CRs in Honduras. It studies CR experiences in four Garífuna hometowns and their corresponding HTAs in NYC. It answers three questions: How do CRs work in each case? What are the determinants for HTAs to provide CRs to the hometowns? And what are the determinants for local CBOs in the hometowns to use the CRs effectively to provide public goods in the hometowns? CR is conceptualised as a that chooses which local group and project to finance, and the local CBO, which is the agent Migration Honduras United States of America Garífuna Morenales Remittances Collective remittances Hometown associations Community-based development Community-based organisations Patronatos Public goods New institutional economics Institutions Transaction costs Bounded rationality Information asymmetry Contracts Implicit contracts Agency Incentives Principal-agent approach Principal Agent Information economics Search and information costs Monitoring costs Opportunism Adverse selection Moral hazard Hidden action Effectiveness

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Essays on Labor Economics and Entrepreneurship

Determinants for the effective provision of public goods by honduran hometown associations in the United States: the Garífuna case