by Thomas Wong Siu-Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iii / DECLARATION --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.viii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Setting the Stage / Literature Review / Dominant Attitude and Belief Research / Paradigm on Sexual Harassment / Evaluation of the Dominant Paradigm / Sexual Harassment as Political Marginality / Research Significance / Restructuring the Centre/Margins Divide / Discursive Approach: A Micro-Macro Link / Organization of the Thesis / Chapter II. --- "POLITICS, DISCOURSE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT" --- p.19 / An alternative Conception of Politics / The Politics of Discourse / """Politicizing"" Sexual Harassment" / Chapter III. --- Q METHODOLOGY AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS --- p.32 / Method arid Politics / Combining Q Methodology and Discourse Analysis / Research Design / Chapter IV. --- "SEXUAL HARASSMENT DISCOURSES AS “THE SPHERE OF THE UNSETTLED""" --- p.44 / Q Factor Interpretation / Discourse A / Discourse B / Discourse C / Discourse -D / Discourse -E / Difference and Commonality / Chapter V. --- AGENCY DISTRIBUTION IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT DISCOURSES --- p.67 / Identifying the Entities / Agency Distribution / Discourse A / Discourse B / Discourse C / Discourse -D / Discourse -E / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.90 / Summary of the Findings / Implications of the Discourse Patterns / APPENDIX --- p.102 / Chapter 1. --- Factor Loadings and Demographic Variables of Research Subjects / Chapter 2. --- Factor Q Sort Values for Each Statement / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.107

Cheung Yin Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-125). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (English version) --- p.i / ABSTRACT (Chinese version) --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Present Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Research --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Changing Ideas on the Interpretation of Native and Non-native Speakers of English --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Native Speaker Construct --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Non-native English Speaker Construct --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Researcher's Present Position --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Standard English and Varieties --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Current Issues on Native and Non-native Speakersin English Language Teaching --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- ESL Students' Reaction to Accent Differences --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Who are More Successful? The Native Teachers or The Non-native Teachers? --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.22 / Chapter 3 --- DESIGN OF THE STUDY --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Survey Research --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Value of Survey Research --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Gathering --- p.26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Rationale for the Instruments Used in This Research --- p.27 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Questionnaire --- p.27 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Interview --- p.27 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Classroom Observation --- p.28 / Chapter 3.6 --- Pilot Study --- p.29 / Chapter 3.7 --- Instruments --- p.29 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- The Questionnaire --- p.29 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- The Interview --- p.31 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Classroom Observation and Post-classroom-Observation Interview --- p.33 / Chapter 3.8 --- Subjects --- p.35 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- The Institutions Chosen for the Study --- p.35 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- The Sampling of Subjects --- p.36 / Chapter 3.9 --- Chapter Summary --- p.38 / Chapter 4 --- FINDINGS --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- Student Perspective --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Interviews --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3 --- Teacher Perspective --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Interviews --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4 --- Classroom Observations --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Observations of Lectures --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Post-classroom-Observation Interviews with Students --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.77 / Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2 --- Students' Perceptions of the NESTS and the Non-NESTs in terms of Pedagogy and Knowledge of Applied Linguistics --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3 --- Strengths and Weaknesses of the NESTS and the Non-NESTs --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4 --- Motivational Strategies in the Teaching of English --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discrimination against the Non-NESTs in Hong Kong and Suggestions to Reduce Such Discrimination --- p.100 / Chapter 5.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.106 / Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.107 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2 --- "Summary of the Research Questions, Methodology, and Findings" --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Research Design --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Sample --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Generalizability of Findings --- p.111 / Chapter 6.4 --- Pedagogical Implications --- p.112 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Students Should be Made Aware of Hong Kong Accented English --- p.112 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- The Importance of Intelligibility of English --- p.113 / Chapter 6.5 --- Suggestions for Future Research --- p.114 / Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.114 / Chapter 7 --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.115 / Appendices / Chapter Appendix A. --- Sample of Student's Questionnaire --- p.126 / Chapter Appendix B. --- Sample of Teacher's Questionnaire --- p.130 / Chapter Appendix C. --- Student Questionnaire Data --- p.132 / Chapter Appendix D. --- Teacher Questionnaire Data --- p.145 / Chapter Appendix E. --- Consent Letter --- p.150 / Chapter Appendix F. --- Questions for Student's Interview --- p.151 / Chapter Appendix G. --- Questions for Teacher's Interview --- p.152 / Chapter Appendix H. --- Full Transcripts (Student's Interview) --- p.153 / Chapter Appendix I. --- Full Transcripts (Teacher's Interview) --- p.190 / Chapter Appendix J. --- Categorization of Data (Student's Interview) --- p.228 / Chapter Appendix K. --- Categorization of Data (Teacher's Interview) --- p.248 / Chapter Appendix L. --- Classroom Observation Form --- p.294 / Chapter Appendix M. --- Questions for Post-classroom-Observation Interview --- p.296 / Chapter Appendix N. --- Summary of Data Gathered from Post-classroom-observation Interview --- p.297 / Chapter Appendix O. --- ELT 1106 Lecture Notes (Week 1 - Week 5) --- p.303

Chan Hing Yee Letty. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-134). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / TABLE OF CONTENTS / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER 1 - --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Rational of the Study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Gap --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 - --- REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE / Chapter 2.1 --- Review of Motivation Theories and Research --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Factors that Affect Writing Motivation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Personal Factors --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Environmental Factors --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Writing Development --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- The Nature of Writing --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Theories in Writing Processes --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Composing Processes/Planning Process --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Motivation in Language Learning: Context in Hong Kong --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Education Background in Hong Kong --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Writing Instructions --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Learning Motivation --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 - --- METHOD / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Question --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3. --- The Use of Methodology in the Current Study --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Studying Motivation --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Studying Writing Processes --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- Participants --- p.34 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Collection Procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Semi-structured Interviews --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- The Composing Processes --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Writing Journals --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- Instruments --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Background Information Questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Motivation and Effort Questionnaire --- p.42 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Scale of Writing Apprehension --- p.42 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Writing Self-Efficacy Questionnaire --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7 --- Data Analysis Procedures / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Responses to the Background Information Questionnaire --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Responses to the Motivation and Effort Questionnaire --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Responses to the Scale of Writing Apprehension --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7.4 --- Responses to the Writing self-Effcacy Questionnaire --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7.5 --- The Semi-structured Interview --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7.6 --- Methods to Analyze the Data Collected in the Composing Session --- p.45 / Micro-motivation --- p.45 / Analysis of Pauses --- p.45 / Analysis of Writing Journals --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 - --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Writing Motivation and Affect --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Results of Motivation and Effort Questionnaire --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Results of Scale of Writing Apprehension --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Results of Writing Self-Efficacy Questionnaire --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background of the Participants --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Daniel --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cintia --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Melina --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Charlene --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Second Language Writing Motivation Outside the Classroom --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Personal Level --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Environmental Level --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4 --- Second Language Writing Motivation Inside the Classroom --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5 --- Confidence about Writing --- p.78 / Chapter 4.6 --- Micro-motivation in the Writing Task --- p.82 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Factors Affecting Writing Motivation --- p.83 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Factors Affecting Confidence --- p.86 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Factors Affecting the Level of Comfort --- p.89 / Chapter 4.7 --- Writing Strategies --- p.91 / Chapter 4.8 --- Theoretical Discussions --- p.96 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Writing Motivation: Its Relation to the Current Motivational Theories --- p.96 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- An Important Need for L2 Student Writers --- p.102 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Theories in Writing Processes --- p.103 / Chapter 4.8.4 --- The Advantage of Personal Writing to L2 Students --- p.105 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 - --- CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION / Chapter 5.1 --- Recapitulations --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results and conclusion --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Implications --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Methodological Implications --- p.115 / Strengths and Weaknesses --- p.115 / Further Research --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Pedagogical Implications --- p.117 / Creating the Basic Motivational Conditions --- p.120 / Generating Writing Motivation --- p.122 / Maintaining Writing Motivation --- p.124 / Encouraging Positive Retrospective Self-evaluation --- p.126 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.127 / REFERENCE --- p.128 / APPENDIXES / APPENDIX A Background Information Questionnaire --- p.135 / APPENDIX B Consent Form of Participants --- p.137 / APPENDIX C Motivation and Effort Questionnaire --- p.138 / APPENDIX D Scale of Writing Apprehension --- p.140 / APPENDIX E Writing Self-Efficacy Questionnaire --- p.142 / APPENDIX F Instructions for Participants in the Writing Task --- p.144 / APPENDIX G Participants' Writing Sample in the Writing Task --- p.146 / APPENDIX H Instructions for Keeping a Writing Journal --- p.157 / APPENDIX I Participants' Reflective Writing Journals --- p.158 / Daniel's Journals --- p.158 / Cintia's Journals --- p.161 / Melina's Journals --- p.186 / Charlene's Journals --- p.194

陸根書. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (p. 194-205) / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Lu Genshu. / Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (p. 194-205) / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

Wong Ka Yee, Janice. / Thesis submitted in: December 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction and Analytical Framework --- p.1 / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Background: Online Newspapers in Hong Kong --- p.3 / Chapter III. --- urpose of the Study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter I. --- Media Characteristics --- p.8 / Chapter II. --- Different Viewpoints on the relationship betweenrint and online newspaper --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- Online newspaper usage from a communicationerspective: Theoretical approach --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Research Framework --- p.32 / Chapter I. --- Research Questions --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.38 / Chapter I. --- Sample --- p.38 / Chapter II. --- Samplingrocedure --- p.39 / Chapter III. --- Data Collection --- p.40 / Chapter IV. --- Questionnaire --- p.40 / Chapter V. --- Measurements --- p.41 / Chapter VI. --- Analyticalrocedure --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Statistical Findings --- p.46 / Chapter I. --- articipants'rofile --- p.46 / Chapter II. --- Media Usageatterns --- p.46 / Chapter III. --- Hypothesis Testing --- p.46 / Chapter IV. --- Gratification Seeking --- p.47 / Chapter V. --- rofiles --- p.57 / Chapter VI. --- Impact of Online Newspaper on Traditional Media --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.68 / Chapter I. --- Discussions --- p.68 / Chapter II. --- Limitations --- p.74 / Chapter III. --- Suggestions for Future Research --- p.75 / Appendix I --- p.77 / Appendix II --- p.85 / Bibliography --- p.92

Li, Ka Yi. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-42). / Abstracts also in Chinese; some appendixes includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 25, October, 2016).

Wong, Kin Hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-198). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i. / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Background to this Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of this Study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of this Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Orientation towards Language --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Orientation towards Identity --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Language and Identity --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Code Switching --- p.14 / Chapter 2.5 --- "Language, Identity and Culture" --- p.15 / Chapter 2.6 --- "Attitude, Motivation and Willingness to Communicate (WTC)" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Attitude --- p.17 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Motivation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Social Psychological Perspective --- p.19 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Sociocultural Perspective --- p.20 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Willingness to Communicate (WTC) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7 --- Language Use and Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Political and Sociolinguistic Background of Hong Kong --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Surveys of Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Empirical Studies on Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes in Hong Kong --- p.30 / Chapter 2.7.3.1 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of English --- p.30 / Chapter 2.7.3.2 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of Cantonese --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7.3.3 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of Cantonese-English Code mixing --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7.3.4 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of Putonghua --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.3.5 --- Specific Studies with English Majors in Hong Kong --- p.36 / Chapter 2.8 --- Summary --- p.37 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Participants --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Selection Criteria for the Focused Cases --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Demographic and Language Background --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- Instrumentation --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Semi-structured Interview --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Autobiographical Account --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Triangulation --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Collection and Processing --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Semi-structured Interview --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Autobiographical Account --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 3.7 --- Validity and Reliability --- p.52 / Chapter 3.8 --- Ethics --- p.53 / Chapter 3.9 --- Limitation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.10 --- Summary --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- BENNY'S STORY / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- Benny's Story --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Language and Cultural Socialization --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Influence of Family --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Influence of Formal Education --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- Influence of Local Community --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Influence of Travel --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Language Learning and Use --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Language Proficiency --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Language Attitudes --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.1 --- Towards Cantonese --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.2 --- Towards English --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.3 --- Towards Hong Kong Accented English --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.4 --- Towards Putonghua --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.5 --- Towards Code-Mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.6 --- Towards Other Language Varieties --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Motivation and Investment in Language Learning --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.3.1 --- English --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.3.2 --- Putonghua --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.2.3.3 --- Other Languages --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Language Use in Different Contexts --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.1 --- Speaking to a Native Speaker of English --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.2 --- Speaking to a Cantonese Speaker --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.3 --- Speaking to a Chinese who could not Speak Cantonese --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.4 --- Speaking to Mainland Chinese Exchange Students in Hong Kong --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.5 --- Speaking to Chinese in Mainland China.… --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2.4.6 --- Speaking to East Asians in Travel --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Identity --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Self-Construal --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3.1.1 --- Chinese and English Names --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Identity Triggers --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.3.2.1 --- Handover of Hong Kong --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.3.2.2 --- Chinese People and Chinese News --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Perceptions of Cultural Identity in Different Contexts --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3.3.1 --- In China --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3.3.2 --- In Other Places --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.3.4 --- Identity and Language Use --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.3.5 --- Summary --- p.79 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DORIS' STORY / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2 --- Doris' Story --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Language and Cultural Socialization --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Influence of Family --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Influence of Formal Education --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Influence of Local Community --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- Influence of Travel --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Language Learning and Use --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Language Proficiency --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Language Attitudes --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2.2.1 --- Towards Cantonese --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2.2.2 --- Towards English --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2.2.3 --- Towards Hong Kong Accented English --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.2.2.4 --- Towards Putonghua --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.2.2.5 --- Towards Code-Mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Motivation and Investment in Language Learning --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.2.3.1 --- English --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.2.3.2 --- Putonghua --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.2.4 --- Language Use in Different Contexts --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.1 --- Speaking to a native speaker of English --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.2 --- Speaking to a Cantonese speaker --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.3 --- Speaking to a Chinese who could not speak Cantonese --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.4 --- Speaking to Mainland Chinese exchange students in Hong Kong --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.5 --- Speaking to Chinese in Mainland China --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.4.6 --- Speaking to East Asians in Travel --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Identity --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- Self-Construal --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.3.1.1 --- Chinese and English Names --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- Identity Triggers --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.3.2.1 --- Travel Experience --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.3.2.2 --- Chinese People and Chinese News --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2.3.3 --- Perceptions of Cultural Identity in Different Contexts --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.3.3.1 --- In China --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.3.3.2 --- In Other Places --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.3.4 --- Identity and Language Use --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2.3.5 --- Summary --- p.99 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- MAGGIE'S STORY / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2 --- Maggie's Story --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Language and Cultural Socialization --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1.1 --- Influence of Family --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1.2 --- Influence of Formal Education --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.1.3 --- Influence of Local Community --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2.1.4 --- Influence of Travel --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Language Learning and Use --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- Language Proficiency --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Language Attitudes --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2.2.2.1 --- Towards Cantonese --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2.2.2.2 --- Towards English --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2.2.2.3 --- Towards Hong Kong Accented English --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2.2.2.4 --- Towards Putonghua --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2.2.2.5 --- Towards Code-Mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2.2.3 --- Motivation and Investment in Language Learning --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2.2.3.1 --- English --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2.2.3.2 --- Putonghua --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2.4 --- Language Use in Different Contexts --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.1 --- Speaking to a native speaker of English… --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.2 --- Speaking to a Cantonese speaker --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.3 --- Speaking to a Chinese who could not speak Cantonese --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.4 --- Speaking to Mainland Chinese exchange students in Hong Kong --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.5 --- Speaking to Chinese in Mainland China --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.2.4.6 --- Speaking to East Asians in Travel --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Identity --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.3.1 --- Self-Construal --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.3.1.1 --- Chinese and English Names --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.3.2 --- Identity Triggers --- p.112 / Chapter 6.2.3.2.1 --- Travel Experiences --- p.112 / Chapter 6.2.3.2.2 --- Handover of Hong Kong --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2.3.2.4 --- Chinese People and Chinese News --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2.3.3 --- Perceptions of Cultural Identity in Different Contexts --- p.115 / Chapter 6.2.3.3.1 --- In China --- p.115 / Chapter 6.2.3.3.2 --- In Other Places --- p.115 / Chapter 6.2.3.4 --- Identity and Language Use --- p.116 / Chapter 6.2.3.5 --- Summary --- p.117 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- VICKY'S STORY / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.119 / Chapter 7.2 --- Vicky's Story --- p.119 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Language and Cultural Socialization --- p.119 / Chapter 7.2.1.1 --- Influence of Family --- p.119 / Chapter 7.2.1.2 --- Influence of Formal Education --- p.120 / Chapter 7.2.1.3 --- Influence of Local Community --- p.123 / Chapter 7.2.1.4 --- Influence of Travel --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Language Learning and Use --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.2.1 --- Language Proficiency --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.2.2 --- Language Attitudes --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.1 --- Towards Cantonese --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.2 --- Towards English --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.3 --- Towards Hong Kong Accented English --- p.127 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.4 --- Towards Putonghua --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.5 --- Towards Code-Mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.2.2.6 --- Towards Other Language Varieties --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.2.3 --- Motivation and Investment in Language Learning --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.2.3.1 --- English --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.2.3.2 --- Putonghua --- p.130 / Chapter 7.2.2.3.3 --- Other Languages --- p.131 / Chapter 7.2.2.4 --- Language Use in Different Contexts --- p.131 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.1 --- Speaking to a native speaker of English… --- p.131 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.2 --- Speaking to a Cantonese speaker --- p.132 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.3 --- Speaking to a Chinese who could not speak Cantonese --- p.132 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.4 --- Speaking to Mainland Chinese exchange students in Hong Kong --- p.132 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.5 --- Speaking to Chinese in Mainland China --- p.132 / Chapter 7.2.2.4.6 --- Speaking to East Asians in Travel --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Identity --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2.3.1 --- Self-Construal --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2.3.1.1 --- Chinese and English Names --- p.134 / Chapter 7.2.3.2 --- Identity Triggers --- p.135 / Chapter 7.2.3.2.1 --- Travel Experience --- p.135 / Chapter 7.2.3.2.2 --- Overseas Residential Experience --- p.136 / Chapter 7.2.3.2.3 --- Handover of Hong Kong --- p.137 / Chapter 7.2.3.2.4 --- Chinese People and Chinese News --- p.137 / Chapter 7.2.3.3 --- Perceptions of Cultural Identity in Different Context --- p.138 / Chapter 7.2.3.3.1 --- In China --- p.138 / Chapter 7.2.3.3.2 --- In Other Places --- p.138 / Chapter 7.2.3.4 --- Identity and Language Use --- p.139 / Chapter 7.2.3.5 --- Summary --- p.141 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- WENDY'S STORY / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.142 / Chapter 8.2 --- Wendy's Story --- p.142 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Language and Cultural Socialization --- p.142 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- Influence of Family --- p.142 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Influence of Formal Education --- p.143 / Chapter 8.2.1.3 --- Influence of Local Community --- p.144 / Chapter 8.2.1.4 --- Influence of Travel --- p.145 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Language Learning and Use --- p.146 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Language Proficiency --- p.146 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Language Attitudes --- p.146 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.1 --- Towards Cantonese --- p.146 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.2 --- Towards English --- p.147 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.3 --- Towards Hong Kong Accented English --- p.148 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.4 --- Towards Putonghua --- p.148 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.5 --- Towards Code-Mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.149 / Chapter 8.2.2.2.6 --- Towards Other Language Varieties --- p.149 / Chapter 8.2.2.3 --- Motivation and Investment in Language Learning --- p.150 / Chapter 8.2.2.3.1 --- English --- p.150 / Chapter 8.2.2.3.2 --- Putonghua --- p.150 / Chapter 8.2.2.3.3 --- Other Languages --- p.150 / Chapter 8.2.2.4 --- Language Use in Different Context --- p.151 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.1 --- Speaking to a native speaker of English --- p.151 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.2 --- Speaking to a Cantonese speaker --- p.151 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.3 --- Speaking to a Chinese who could not speak Cantonese --- p.151 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.4 --- Speaking to Mainland Chinese exchange students in Hong Kong --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.5 --- Speaking to Chinese in Mainland China --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2.2.4.6 --- Speaking to East Asians in Travel --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Identity --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2.3.1 --- Self-Construal --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2.3.1.1 --- Chinese and English Names --- p.153 / Chapter 8.2.3.2 --- Identity Triggers --- p.154 / Chapter 8.2.3.2.1 --- Travel Experience --- p.154 / Chapter 8.2.3.2.2 --- Overseas Residential Experience --- p.155 / Chapter 8.2.3.2.3 --- Chinese People and Chinese News --- p.155 / Chapter 8.2.3.3 --- Perceptions of Cultural Identity in Different Contexts --- p.155 / Chapter 8.2.3.3.1 --- In China --- p.155 / Chapter 8.2.3.3.2 --- In Other Places --- p.156 / Chapter 8.2.3.4 --- Identity and Language Use --- p.156 / Chapter 8.2.3.5 --- Summary --- p.157 / Chapter CHAPTER 9 --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS / Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.158 / Chapter 9.2 --- Guiding Question One --- p.158 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Attitudes towards Cantonese --- p.158 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Attitudes towards English --- p.160 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Attitudes towards Putonghua --- p.164 / Chapter 9.2.4 --- Attitudes towards Code-mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.166 / Chapter 9.3 --- Guiding Question Two --- p.168 / Chapter 9.3. --- Motivation towards Cantonese --- p.168 / Chapter 9.3.2 --- Motivation towards English --- p.169 / Chapter 9.3.3 --- Motivation towards Putonghua --- p.171 / Chapter 9.3.4 --- Motivation towards Code-mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.173 / Chapter 9.4 --- Guiding Question Three --- p.174 / Chapter 9.4.1 --- Use of English --- p.174 / Chapter 9.4.2 --- Use of Putonghua --- p.177 / Chapter 9.4.3 --- Use of Code-mixing of Cantonese and English --- p.179 / Chapter 9.5 --- Guiding Question Four --- p.180 / Chapter 9.5.1 --- Cultural Identity --- p.180 / Chapter 9.5.2 --- Self-construal --- p.182 / Chapter 9.6 --- Summary of Findings --- p.183 / Chapter 9.7 --- Implications --- p.186 / Chapter 9.7.1 --- For EFL Learners --- p.186 / Chapter 9.7.2 --- For English Teachers --- p.187 / Chapter 9.8 --- Limitations of the Present Study --- p.188 / Chapter 9.9 --- Suggestions for Further Study --- p.189 / REFERENCES --- p.190 / APPENDIX A Questionnaire 1 (Personal Information and Language Attitudes) --- p.199 / APPENDIX B Questionnaire 2 (Strength of Cultural Identity) --- p.202 / APPENDIX C Interview Protocols (Interview 1: Language Choice) --- p.203 / APPENDIX D Interview Protocols (Interview 2: Cultural Identity) --- p.205 / APPENDIX E Interview Protocols (Interview 3: Language Background and Cultural Identity) --- p.206 / APPENDIX F Guiding Question for Autobiographical Account of Second Language Learning --- p.207 / APPENDIX G Consent Form --- p.208

While a growing body of literature exists examining how intersecting social identities and structural organizations shape the on-campus hookup script, research examining the impact of technology on the hookup culture has been virtually nonexistent. Addressing this gap, this study adds to a current body of literature on the hookup culture and online dating by exploring how a diverse sample of young women and non-binary, femme individuals understand and negotiate interpersonal sexual scripts through the mobile dating app Tinder. Ultimately, findings from 25 in-depth interviews reveal how Tinder has shaped the sexual scripts of young adult dating into a "hybrid hookup script." Unlike the traditional college hookup culture, which centers the hookup script on fraternity parties, sexual dancing, and drinking, the hybrid hookup script reintroduces traditional dating practices, such as formal dates, into the modern sexual scripts of young adults. Specifically, the hybrid hookup script maintains the traditional gendered expectation that men initiate conversations and dates, while incorporating the patterns of drinking and the expectation of non-relational sex central to the on-campus hookup culture. Nearly all participants engaged in the hybrid hookup script to some extent; yet, women of color were overrepresented among those who eventually opted out of Tinder altogether. In particular, experiences of sexual and racial harassment created an environment in which women of color felt racially objectified and fetishized. As a result, the majority of women of color indicated that they deleted the app and did not intend to go back. Overall, results underscore how the Tinder app may be operating to rearticulate existing hierarchies of gender and race.

Schwartz and Bilsky (1987, 1990) constructed a universal psychological structure for cross-cultural studies of motivational dynamics. To test this structure, Simmons (1991) adapted data from a twenty year broad-based value survey of student cohorts at an American university. The availability of reliable, long-term data on American students permitted a comparison with responses of contemporary Chinese college students to a standardized personal value questionnaire. Ratings and priorities assigned by the Chinese and American students differed significantly. Chinese students emphasized Achievement, Maturity, and Prosocial motivational domains. American students emphasized Self-Direction, Security, and Enjoyment. Tradition, Power, and Stimulation were listed as least important for both groups. The effects of traditional Chinese religious and philosophical teachings on the stability of community norms were noted, as was some evidence of priority shifts in the values for Chinese youth, suggesting changes in response to altered political and economic expectations in China. / Graduation date: 1992

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