published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

Tang, Mun Yu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 473-493). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendices in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures and Tables --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review on Adolescent Development with Particular Reference to Poor Adolescents --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theories of adolescent development --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Micro theories --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Macro theories --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Ecological model --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Application to understand the development of adolescents experiencing adversity ´ؤ Resilience Model --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1 --- Definitions of resilience with specific to children and adolescents --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.2 --- Models of resilience --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Summary --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Existing findings on the development of adolescents growing up in poor families --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Poor adolescents perceive poverty --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Conceptualization of beliefs about causes of poverty --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Review of previous studies --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Limitations --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Development of adolescents experiencing poverty --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Development of poor adolescents in their present lives --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1 --- Psychological well-being and magnitude of having behavioral problems --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2 --- Educational outcomes --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3 --- Limitations --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Perceptions of future lives --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1 --- Review of previous studies --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.2 --- Limitations --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3 --- Directions for future research --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Research Questions and Research Design --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research questions --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2 --- Proposal for a qualitative research approach --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research design --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sample --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Data collection --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Reliability of the findings --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Validity of the findings --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Findings --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1 --- Perceived economic disadvantage experienced by their families --- p.107 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Beliefs about the causes of their families in need for financial support from the Government --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Individualistic causes --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.1 --- Causes in relation to parents --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.2 --- Causes in relation to mother --- p.109 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.3 --- Causes in relation to father --- p.110 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.4 --- Causes in relation to children --- p.111 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Societal causes --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- Fatalistic causes --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1.1.4 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Perceptions of being a CSSA recipient --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Personal views --- p.120 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Perception shaped by mother --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Perceptions related to peers --- p.126 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.1 --- Perceptions related to peers' financial circumstances --- p.126 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.2 --- Perceptions related to peers' reactions towards their financial backgrounds --- p.127 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.3 --- Perceptions related to the level of closeness with peers --- p.129 / Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Perceptions related to the views of general public --- p.129 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.1 --- Views of general public influenced by the Government --- p.130 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.2 --- Views of general public influenced by the media --- p.130 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.3 --- Views of general public influenced by with or without personal experiences of receiving CSSA or personal contacts with CSSA recipients --- p.133 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.4 --- Views of general public influenced by the dominant societal ideologies --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.2.5 --- Perceptions related to CSSA claim procedures --- p.138 / Chapter 4.1.2.6 --- Perceptions related to special policy for CSSA recipients --- p.139 / Chapter 4.1.2.7 --- Perceptions related to attitudes of staff in CSSA unit --- p.140 / Chapter 4.1.2.8 --- Summary --- p.141 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA and the related factors --- p.142 / Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA --- p.143 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.1 --- Primary school --- p.143 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.2 --- Secondary school --- p.145 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.3 --- University --- p.146 / Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to mothers' financial management --- p.150 / Chapter 4.1.3.2.1 --- Ways of monitoring family finance --- p.150 / Chapter 4.1.3.2.2 --- Ways of fulfilling unmet needs --- p.151 / Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to self financial management --- p.153 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.1 --- Being self-disciplined of spending money --- p.153 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.2 --- Saving money --- p.155 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.3 --- Doing part-time jobs and summer jobs --- p.157 / Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to other sources of financial support --- p.161 / Chapter 4.1.3.4.1 --- Financial support from relatives --- p.161 / Chapter 4.1.3.4.2 --- Financial support from non-relatives --- p.163 / Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- Summary --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Comments on the staff in the CSSA unit --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4.1 --- Positive comments --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4.1.1 --- Attitudes --- p.167 / Chapter 4.1.4.1.2 --- Performance --- p.167 / Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- Negative comments --- p.169 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.1 --- Attitudes (from personal experiences) --- p.169 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.2 --- Attitudes (from mothers' experiences) --- p.171 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.3 --- Performance --- p.172 / Chapter 4.1.4.3 --- Summary --- p.176 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Comments on the CSSA scheme --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1 --- Positive comments --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1.1 --- Nature of the CSSA scheme --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1.2 --- Strict policy for preventing abuse of the scheme --- p.179 / Chapter 4.1.5.2 --- Negative comments --- p.180 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.1 --- Amount of support in the CSSA scheme --- p.180 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.2 --- Policy on the CSSA scheme --- p.183 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.3 --- Claim procedures in the CSSA scheme --- p.187 / Chapter 4.1.5.3 --- Summary --- p.191 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Circumstances of women in economic disadvantaged and female-headed families --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.6.1 --- Struggles on financial adversity --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.6.2 --- Consequences of receiving financial support from the Government --- p.194 / Chapter 4.1.6.2.1 --- Influences on self-image --- p.194 / Chapter 4.1.6.2.2 --- Influences on psychological state --- p.195 / Chapter 4.1.6.3 --- Pressure of taking up the parental roles --- p.197 / Chapter 4.1.6.4 --- Summary --- p.199 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- Recommendations for improvement in the CSSA service --- p.200 / Chapter 4.1.7.1 --- Staff training --- p.200 / Chapter 4.1.7.2 --- Quality of the service --- p.201 / Chapter 4.1.7.3 --- Other recommendations --- p.204 / Chapter 4.1.7.4 --- Summary --- p.195 / Chapter 4.1.8 --- Recommendations for improvement the policy in the CSSA scheme --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1 --- Subvention policy --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.1 --- Subvention for students --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.2 --- Subvention for households --- p.209 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.3 --- "Subvention for children, elderly, disabled and chronic illness patients" --- p.211 / Chapter 4.1.8.2 --- Claim procedures --- p.214 / Chapter 4.1.8.3 --- Employment-related policy --- p.216 / Chapter 4.1.8.3.1 --- Employment-related policy for single parents --- p.216 / Chapter 4.1.8.3.2 --- Employment-related policy for general able-bodied CSSA recipients --- p.219 / Chapter 4.1.8.4 --- Other recommendations --- p.222 / Chapter 4.1.8.5 --- Summary --- p.224 / Chapter 4.1.9 --- Service gaps for economic disadvantaged and single-parent families --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1 --- Services for CSSA families --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1.1 --- Emotional support services --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1.2 --- Household support services --- p.227 / Chapter 4.1.9.2 --- Services for women in economic disadvantage and marital disruption --- p.229 / Chapter 4.1.9.2.1 --- Employment-related support services --- p.229 / Chapter 4.1.9.2.2 --- Counseling services --- p.230 / Chapter 4.1.9.3 --- Services for the single-parent families --- p.232 / Chapter 4.1.9.3.1 --- Emotional support services --- p.232 / Chapter 4.1.9.3.2 --- Public education --- p.233 / Chapter 4.1.9.4 --- Summary --- p.234 / Chapter 4.1.10 --- Overall summary of Section 4.1 --- p.235 / Chapter 4.2 --- Perceived past lives --- p.237 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Area 1: Perceived quality of life before receiving the CSSA --- p.237 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Area 2: Reactions towards economic disadvantage --- p.241 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Feelings about living under the CSSA --- p.241 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Perceived influences of economic disadvantage in their past lives --- p.246 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.1 --- Experienced different from those of their peers --- p.246 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.2 --- Influenced on their study plans --- p.248 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Summary --- p.253 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Area 3: Views on mother's employment status --- p.253 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Area 4: Perceptions of one's roles in the family --- p.257 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Area 5: Perceived source of influences on one's development --- p.265 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Aspect 1: Family backgrounds --- p.266 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.1 --- Experiences of economic disadvantage --- p.266 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.2 --- Single-parent family Other people --- p.278 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.3 --- Summary --- p.289 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Aspect 2: Significant others --- p.290 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.1 --- Mother --- p.290 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.2 --- Other people --- p.298 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.3 --- Summary --- p.304 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Aspect 3: Beliefs --- p.304 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- Summary --- p.306 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Overall summary of Section 4.2 --- p.307 / Chapter 4.3 --- Perceived experiences of their present lives --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Area 1: Meanings of becoming a university student --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Familial meanings --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Personal meanings --- p.313 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Summary --- p.326 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Area 2: Perceived differences with the peers in university --- p.326 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Area 3: Economic circumstances --- p.333 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Personal financial circumstances --- p.334 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Perceived meanings of with or without financial support from the Government to their families --- p.347 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Summary --- p.350 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Area 4: Perceptions of one's roles in the family --- p.351 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Overall summary of Section 4.3 --- p.357 / Chapter 4.4 --- Perceived future lives --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Expected lives after graduation and the related contributory factors --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Area 1: Work --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Area 2: Life style --- p.369 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Area 3: Economic circumstances --- p.372 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Area 4: Marriage --- p.380 / Chapter 4.4.1.5 --- Area 5: Spouse --- p.383 / Chapter 4.4.1.6 --- Area 6: Quality of relationship in future family --- p.389 / Chapter 4.4.1.6.1 --- Marital relationship --- p.389 / Chapter 4.4.1.6.2 --- Parent-child relationship --- p.392 / Chapter 4.4.1.7 --- Summary --- p.396 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Feelings about their future lives --- p.397 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Overall summary of Section 4.4 --- p.403 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary of the findings and findings deserving special attention --- p.404 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and Recommendation --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1 --- Discussion of nine aspects of findings --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Aspect 1 -- Role of education in life --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Aspect 2 -- Absence of father as the main cause of economic hardship --- p.425 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- "Aspect 3 -- Being a ""good child""" --- p.427 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Aspect 4 -- Difficult growth trajectory --- p.430 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Aspect 5 -- Poverty: Blessing in disguise --- p.434 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Aspect 6 -- Family of origin's influence on expectations of future life --- p.437 / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Aspect 7 -- Five protective factors in development --- p.440 / Chapter 5.1.8 --- Aspect 8 -- Mothers experiencing economic disadvantage: Long-suffering women guarding their children --- p.443 / Chapter 5.1.9 --- Aspect 9 -- Balanced view of the CSSA scheme --- p.446 / Chapter 5.1.10 --- Summary --- p.452 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical contributions and implications of the present findings --- p.455 / Chapter 5.3 --- Practical implications and recommendations of the present findings --- p.459 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations of this study --- p.461 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.463 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.463 / Chapter 6.2 --- Evaluation of the quality of this qualitative study --- p.468 / Chapter 6.3 --- Directions for further study --- p.470 / Bibliography --- p.473 / Appendix I: Written Consent Form --- p.494 / Appendix II: Interview Guide --- p.495

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

First, from the distributive justice perspective, strong perceptions of distributive injustice are found among undergraduates from national minority and lower-middle and lower classes. The perceptions of distributive injustice can further be differentiated into injustice in educational accesses, educational processes, educational outputs and educational outcomes. Both undergraduates from national minority and from lower-middle and lower classes have registered strong sense of "accumulative distributive injustice" in their educational-advancement experiences. Attributions of educational distributive injustice to disparities of educational resources among regions have also been revealed in this study. However, educational injustice attributed to gender differences seems to be insignificant among perceptions of the subjects under study. / Second, from the relational justice perspective, the perceptions of educational injustice among undergraduates are investigated and categorized in accordance with Young's framework of relational injustice, namely exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism and violence. It is common among undergraduates from national minority and lower-middle and lower classes to have relatively strong sense of relational injustice relating to cultural imperialism and violence. However, the experiences of violence revealed are mostly in the form of symbolic rather than physical violence. They also have substantive sense of relational injustice pertaining to marginalization and powerlessness. Experiences on exploitation are rarely reported among subjects from national minority and lower-middle and lower classes. This study finds that perceptions on relational injustice attributed to gender differences are insignificant among female subjects. / Social justice has risen to be one of the major social issues in Chinese mainland. As attainment of higher education has become one of primary determinants of attainments in social status among future generations, justice in higher education has therefore constituted as one of the areas of concerns among scholars in the field of Chinese education. / Third, differences in ethnicity and class have been revealed as the primary contributing factors to the perceptions of educational injustice among the subjects under study. Perceptions of educational injustice reported by undergraduates from national minority are mainly concentrated on subjects who are Islamite and Tibetan Buddhist from Xinjiang and Tibet. Among subjects of lower-middle and lower classes, subjects from rural areas have relatively stronger sense of injustice than those of comparable class backgrounds from urban areas. Therefore, it seems that disparities in class position and regional differences seem to have crystallized and asserted reinforcing effects on students' perceptions of educational injustice. / This study focuses on a group of the undergraduates from disadvantaged social backgrounds. It investigates their perceptions on educational injustice that they have experienced during their studies. The perceptions of injustice will be studied from the perspectives in both the distributive and relational justice. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of justice among students of higher education in Chinese mainland. Twenty-two undergraduates from disadvantaged social backgrounds have been selected to be subjects of the study from four universities in Nanjing city of Jiangsu province. From the data collected, the following major findings are revealed. / This study has contributed to the scholarly discourses on distributive and relational justice by injecting first-hand qualitative data generated from the context of higher education in Chinese mainland. Furthermore, this study has provided some deep descriptions of the perceptions and experiences of educational injustice in a group disadvantaged background undergraduates in Chinese mainland. It is hoped that these data may help policy makers in formulating educational policy in the future. These data may also sensitizing teachers and other persons working in higher education sectors to address the perceptions and experiences of injustice among undergraduates from disadvantaged social backgrounds. Lastly, it is hoped that the study may be viewed as one of the tiny efforts that have been accumulated over the years by educators all over the world to constitute a relatively more equal and just educational system in human societies. / 钟景迅. / Adviser: Wing-kwong Tsang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-307). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhong Jingxun.

Wong, Chiu Wing. / Thesis (Ed.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-358). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

by Josephine Shui-fun Law. / Includes questionaire in Chinese. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-62). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER I -- --- Introduction --- p.2 / Sociological Factors Socioeconomic Status --- p.5 / Psychological Factors Achievement Motivation --- p.6 / Self-Esteem --- p.7 / Sex Role Orientation --- p.8 / Gender differences on Aspirations Educational Aspiration --- p.11 / Career Aspiration --- p.12 / Purpose of the Study --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER II -- --- Method Subjects and Data Collections --- p.15 / Instruments --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER III -- --- Results --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER IV -- --- Discussion --- p.34 / REFERENCES --- p.46