Thesis (Honors)--Liberty University Honors Program, 2007.

Thesis (Honors)--Liberty University Honors Program, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available through Liberty University's Digital Commons.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on Sept. 22, 2009. "September 2009." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of science in Kinesiology." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Steven C. Davis, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-79).

The nutritional impact of snacking on the diets of female, freshman college students between the ages of 17 and 20 years was assessed. Sixty-five women living in freshman residence halls at Oregon State University recorded their dietary intakes and eating habits for four days. Questionnaires concerning eating and activity patterns were also completed. Dietary intakes were analyzed for energy (kcal), protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. The nutrient contents of snacks, meals, and nutrient supplements consumed by the subjects were calculated. Nutrient densities (nutrient/1000 kcal) of meals and snacks were also calculated for the above nutrients. All subjects received a Dietary Adequacy Score, which was computed from their mean daily intake over the four-day period, by assigning one point for each nutrient consumed at or above two-thirds of the RDA. All but one subject snacked during the four-day recording period. The subjects consumed a mean of 1.54 snacks daily, with means of 0.19 morning, 0.47 afternoon, and 0.88 evening snacks. With the exception of ascorbic acid, the mean nutrient desities of snacks were significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of meals. The mean nutrient densities of snacks were well below the RDA/1000 kcal for all of the calculated nutrients, again, with the exception of ascorbic acid. Snacks contributed about 20 percent of the mean total energy intake; the proportions supplied by snacks to the mean nutrient intakes were considerably lower (8 to 13 percent). Meal frequency was negatively correlated with snack frequency (r= -.24, p<0.05) and snack energy intake (r= -.40, p<0.01). Lunch was the meal most negatively correlated with snacking frequency (r = .33, p<0.01) and snack energy intake ( r= -.37, p<0.01). By examining when snacking and when missed meals occurred, it appears that snacks were often consumed as a result of missed meals rather than the cause of them. Breakfast was missed most often and dinner least often with snacking occurring most often in the evening and afternoon. Snacks consumed at these times would not have interfered with either lunch or breakfast. Despite the relatively poor nutritional value of snack foods eaten by the subjects (as evidenced by the low nutrient densities), snacks actually improved the Dietary Adequacy Scores of 28 subjects. However, 16 subjects exceeded the RDA for energy with the addition of snacks, eight of whom were not included in the above group of 28 with the improved Dietary Adequacy Scores. But in all, 20 subjects (31 percent) had their Dietary Adequacy Scores improved by snacks, without exceeding the 2100 kcal RDA for energy. The foods most commonly eaten as snacks were (in descending order): cookies, cake and pastries; candy; fruit; dairy desserts; popcorn; crackers, chips etc.; soft drinks; and alcoholic beverages. / Graduation date: 1982

Thesis (M.F.C.S.)--Bowling Green State University, 2010. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 52 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study is an attempt to determine the food habits of a group of light housekeeping students enrolled in the North Texas State Teachers College in the spring of 1939, using the inventory method.

The purpose of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge and dietary intake before and after the implementation of a nutrition education program among university female cross country runners. The nutrition education program consisted of three, onehour sessions comprised of the following topics: general diet recommendations including carbohydrate, fat, protein, and the five food groups, iron status, fluids and hydration, amenorrhea, calcium intake and its effect on bone mass, and pathogenic weight control. Female cross country runners from Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, and Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana served as the experimental groups, and Anderson University, Anderson, Indiana served as the control group. Teaching materials including outlines, handouts, and discussion questions were developed, presented, and distributed at each session. Evaluation of nutrition knowledge was completed through a pre-test, and post-test which consisted of 22 multiple choice / true/false questions. The nutrition education program significantly increased the nutrition knowledge for the experimental group (n = 9) from a mean pre-test score of 11.22 +/- 4.74 to a mean post-test score of 15.44 +/- 3.88. The quiz was developed with questions from two other quizzes used in previous research including Worme, et al., (1990) and Barr (1986) as well as a few additional questions developed by the primary investigator. Dietary intake was evaluated using three-day diet records prior to the nutrition education program and immediately following. In addition, three experimental subjects and three control subjects completed follow-up diet records one month following the nutrition education program but was not included in the data analysis. There were no significant changes in any of the 21 nutrients assessed; however, there were a few which approached statistical significance including thiamin (p<0.0528), dietary fiber (p<0.0865) and saturated fat (p<0.0737). Participants in the study seemed very receptive to the chosen topics but was especially interested in the topic of amenorrhea. Although not asked, four subjects did report that amenorrhea had been a problem- in the past including one subject who still had the problem. The primary investigator feels the educational program had a positive affect on the subjects. It is important to educate athletes about nutrition and the effects on health, especially young females involved with sports in which body weight has an influence on performance. This study could be repeated in the future to further study dietary intake and how nutrition education affects eating behaviors over a long period of time in this population. / Department of Home Economics

M.S.

1. A saturation study was conducted on three normal college girls, weighing 50, 43, and 54 kg. Subject I was found to require more than 2.2 mg. per kg. of ascorbic acid or a total of 110 mg. To maintain tissue saturation and subjects II and III were found to require 1.6 mg. per kg. or a total of 67 mg. And 86 mg. respectively. 2. The data for subjects II and III suggest that they may be a relationship between body size and the ascorbic acid requirement, since on the per kg. basis, they both needed the same (1.6 mg. per kg.). However, the fact that subject I required a much greater amount to maintain tissue saturation, more than 2. mg. per kg. Indicates that individual difference may overshadow body size in its effect on requirement of vitamin C. 3. The effect of various factors on the ascorbic acid excretion were observed: a. The correlations between the percentage of ascorbic acid intake excreted and the urinary pH were -.2122, -.315, and -/8588 for subjects I, II, and III respectively, only that of subject III being significant. b. Insignificant correlations of .293, -.2015, and -.0507 were found between the urinary volume and the percentage of ascorbic acid excreted. c. Correlations for subjects I and II between ascorbic acid excretion and cigarettes smoked were .0243 and .3198. Neither was considered significant. d. Insignificant correlations, -.149 and .00286, were found between ascorbic acid excretion and the coffee intake. e. A slightly significant correlation of -.3848 was found between the percentage (Average for the three subjects) of the ascorbic acid intake excreted and the maximum daily temperature. 4. A comparison of the results of this saturation study with two other saturation studies (2, 24) points out that 1.6-1.7 mg. per kg. May be an adequate requirement in most of the cases studied. However, all three studies give data on only thirteen subjects. 5. Suggestions are offered which it is hoped will so simplify the procedure of the saturation test that with efficient planning a much larger number of subjects may be studied: a. Collection and analysis of urine only on test dose days. b. Ad libitum intake of foods containing negligible amounts of vitamin C. c. Determination of the urinary pH at the time of collection. / Master of Science

Appropriate nutrition is linked to the prevention of several major diseases, yet over 50% of Americans do not eat diets sufficient in the necessary proportions of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Increased interest in health prevention has led to the development of a variety of programs designed to change dietary habits. Most have been only marginally successful. One explanation for their failure is the lack of consideration given to the characteristics of the targeted population in the development of the programs. In this study, a five week multicomponent intervention was designed using marketing and psychological principles to increase the selection of dinner entrees low in fat, calories, and sugar and to improve participants‘ knowledge of and attitude toward appropriate nutrition. Subjects were 8600 students who ate in the dining halls of a large southeastern university. The study investigated the additive effectiveness of three intervention components in three dining halls. One dining hall received availability; the second, availability plus point of choice information; the third, availability‘ plus point of choice information plus an incentive program. The results were derived from three separate sources: cafeteria data, survey data, and individual data. Cafeteria results were not significant. Inspection of daily selection data revealed wide fluctuation in selection across entrees, indicating dramatic changes in student preferences. Inspection of weekly selection means revealed that the incentive program combined with increased availability and point of choice information was initially effective in increasing the selection of the Perfect Balance entree. Prompting was the most effective intervention, yielding an average increase of 31.5% in selection of the Perfect Balance entree. Survey data indicated a minor increase in knowledge in. the information condition. Across all conditions there was a decrease in self-efficacy. Forty-four individuals were involved in a tracking project designed to assess whether the aggregate impact of the interventions reflected consistent change within specific individuals or intermittent change across all individuals. Analyses indicated a significant increase in selection behavior across time ( p <.05). The condition by phase interaction approached significance ( p =.07). The greatest change occurred in the incentive condition with a 16% increase, compared to a .3% increase in the information condition, and a 2.5% increase in the availability condition. The social marketing analysis of the study reveals several important barriers to change: resistance from staff and administration, poor quality entrees, student distrust of the dining hall administration, and limited availability of certain entrees. / Ph. D.