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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Potentiel d'émission et de transfert de colloïdes et nanoparticules manufacturées issus de lixiviats de déchets solides et nanomatériaux / Emission potential and transfer of colloids and engineered nanoparticles from solid waste leachates, liquid wastes and nanomaterials

Anderson, Amandine 16 December 2016 (has links)
Une grande variabilité de déchets contenants des nanomatériaux sont largement produits partout dans le monde. En fin de vie, la lixiviation de ces déchets entreposés en décharge, conduit à l’émission de contaminants (organiques et métalliques) dont les modes de transport diffèrent largement selon leurs interactions avec les ligands du milieu traversé. L’union européenne souhaite promouvoir à long terme la réduction progressive des rejets de contaminants dans l'environnement et le Ministère de l’Ecologie projette de mettre en place des normes spécifiques limitant les émissions de nanoparticules. Or, à ce jour, peu de données sont disponibles sur les quantités de contaminants potentiellement émis par les déchets et sur leur capacité de transport. En particulier, les contaminants présents sous forme nanoparticulaires, facilement bioassimilables, ont un comportement dynamique mal identifié et donc peu prévisible.La complexité et la variabilité dans la composition des déchets et des nanomatériaux impliquent l'étude d'un large panel d'entre eux ; ainsi, notre travail a porté sur la quantification de l'émission des nanoparticules au cours de leur vieillissement à partir de différents déchets (résidus de boues rouges, boues de station d’épuration, sédiments marins et Mâchefers d'Incinérations d’Ordures Ménagères MIOMs) ainsi que leur transport à travers un milieu poreux.Nous avons identifié les éléments métalliques fortement présents sous forme colloïdale et leur devenir après 1 an et demi de vieillissement. Les tests de transport des nanoparticules, menés par des expériences de percolation en colonne, ont montré que le transport de nanoparticules métalliques a été facilité dans certains cas, dans d’autres, plus classiquement ralenti. Par microscopie Electronique à Balayage, nous avons montré que de nombreux métaux étaient couplés avec des oxydes d'aluminium et de fer ainsi que des substances organiques naturelles de type humiques. / Great variability of nanomaterials wastes are widely produced throughout the world. At the end of their life, the leaching of the wastes stored in landfills, leads to the emission of contaminants (organic and metallic) which modes of transport differ widely according to the interactions they have with ligands present in the medium. The European Union wants to promote long-term gradual reduction of contaminant releases to the environment and the Ministry of Ecology plans to establish specific standards limiting emissions of nanoparticles. But to date, limited data are available on the quantities of contaminants potentially emitted by wastes and their transport capacity. In particular, the contaminants present in nanoparticulate form, easily bioavailable, have a dynamic behavior misidentified and therefore unpredictable.The complexity and variability in the composition of waste and nanomaterials involve the study of a wide range of them; so, our work has focused on quantifying the emission of nanoparticles during their aging from various wastes (red mud residues, sewage sludge, marine sediments and domestic wastes incineration bottom ash MIOMs) and their transport through a porous medium.We identified metallic elements largely present in colloidal form and their fate after 1½ years of aging. Transport tests of nanoparticles led by column percolation experiments have shown that the transport of the metal nanoparticles is facilitated in some cases, in others, more typically slowed down. Scanning Electron Microscopy have shown that many metals were associated with aluminum and iron oxides and natural organic humic-like substances.
2

Avaliação do comportamento de uma mistura compactada de solos lateríticos frente a soluções de Cu++, K+ e Cl- em colunas de percolação / not available

Boff, Fernando Eduardo 20 July 1999 (has links)
Mistura compactada de materiais inconsolidados das formações Serra Geral e Botucatu foram percoladas por soluções com diversas concentrações de K+, Cl- e Cu++, em testes de coluna, para a avaliar a potencialidade da sua utilização como liner. Na modelagem dos resultados adotaram-se resoluções analíticas e semi-analíticas (programa POLLUTE v6). Estudo complementar sobre o comportamento eletroquímico destes solos foi realizado pelos ensaios de titulação potenciométrica, capacidade de tamponamento, pH em água e KCI, CTC e análise mineralógica por difração de Raios-X e térmica diferencial. Os resultados mostraram uma forte influência das características da carga elétrica superficial do solo no comportamento competitivo dos íons. / A compacted mixture of soils from Serra Geral and Botucatu formations were percolated by chemical solutions with several concentrations of K+, Cu++ e Cl-, in column tests, in order to assess the potential of this mixture as a liner-building material. In the modeling procedures for the results, analytical and semi-analytical solutions (POLLUTE v.6 software) were used. Additional studies about the electrochemical behavior of these soils were performed, using potenciometric titration, soil buffer capacity, pH in water and KCI and mineralogical assessment by X-Ray Diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The results showed a very strong influence of the soil superficial charge in the competitive ion behavior.
3

Transporte de \'CU POT.2+\' em liners compostos de solo argiloso compactado (CCL) e geocomposto bentonítico (GCL) / \'CU POT.2+\' transport in composite liners made with compacted clay soil (CCL) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)

Arab, Paola Bruno 06 September 2011 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho de liners compostos frente a soluções de \'CU\'\'CL IND.2\'.2\'H IND.2\'\'O\'. Foram utilizados um solo argiloso compactado (CCL) da Formação Corumbataí (interior do estado de São Paulo) e um geocomposto bentonítico (GCL) de fabricação nacional. Quatro corpos de prova foram preparados para a realização do ensaio de percolação em coluna, sendo dois montados com CCL sobre GCL e outros dois com GCL sobre CCL. Os corpos de prova com configurações distintas foram submetidos à percolação de duas soluções de \'CU POT.2+\': uma com concentração de 0,024M e outra com 0,012M. Após o início da percolação da solução contaminante houve aumento da condutividade hidráulica, porém os valores mantiveram-se na ordem de \'10 POT.-11\' m/s, compatíveis com as exigências requeridas em diversas legislações ambientais. O liner composto mostrou-se mais eficiente como barreira de controle de fluxo comparado com Musso (2008), que estudou ambos materiais separadamente. A configuração dos liners não influenciou os valores de Rd obtidos, ao contrário da concentração das soluções. Observou-se que os resultados de Rd são inversamente proporcionais às concentrações utilizadas. Neste trabalho, os valores de Rd obtidos foram maiores que em Musso (2008), evidenciando a vantagem de se combinar diferentes materiais para a contenção de íons. / This research evaluated composite liners performance when permeated by \'CU\'\'CL IND.2\'.2\'H IND.2\'\'O\' solution. It were used a compacted clayey soil (CCL) samples from Formação Corumbataí (state of São Paulo) and a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) manufactured in Brazil. Four specimens were prepared to column percolation tests. A pair of them was made with CCL on top of GCL and the other two with GCL on top of CCL. Specimens with different configurations were subjected to two \'CU POT.2+\' solutions: one with a concentration of 0,024M and other with 0,012M. Just after solution percolation began, there was an increase of hydraulic conductivity, but remaining around \'10 POT.-11\' m/s, in accordance with environmental laws. The composite liners demonstrated to be more efficient as barrier when compared to Musso (2008), which has analyzed both materials separately. The configuration of the liners did not influenced Rd values, unlike solutions concentration. It was observed that Rd results are inversely proportional to used concentrations. Rd values were larger than those obtained in Musso (2008), showing the advantage of matching different materials aiming ions retention.
4

Transporte de \'CU POT.2+\' em liners compostos de solo argiloso compactado (CCL) e geocomposto bentonítico (GCL) / \'CU POT.2+\' transport in composite liners made with compacted clay soil (CCL) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)

Paola Bruno Arab 06 September 2011 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho de liners compostos frente a soluções de \'CU\'\'CL IND.2\'.2\'H IND.2\'\'O\'. Foram utilizados um solo argiloso compactado (CCL) da Formação Corumbataí (interior do estado de São Paulo) e um geocomposto bentonítico (GCL) de fabricação nacional. Quatro corpos de prova foram preparados para a realização do ensaio de percolação em coluna, sendo dois montados com CCL sobre GCL e outros dois com GCL sobre CCL. Os corpos de prova com configurações distintas foram submetidos à percolação de duas soluções de \'CU POT.2+\': uma com concentração de 0,024M e outra com 0,012M. Após o início da percolação da solução contaminante houve aumento da condutividade hidráulica, porém os valores mantiveram-se na ordem de \'10 POT.-11\' m/s, compatíveis com as exigências requeridas em diversas legislações ambientais. O liner composto mostrou-se mais eficiente como barreira de controle de fluxo comparado com Musso (2008), que estudou ambos materiais separadamente. A configuração dos liners não influenciou os valores de Rd obtidos, ao contrário da concentração das soluções. Observou-se que os resultados de Rd são inversamente proporcionais às concentrações utilizadas. Neste trabalho, os valores de Rd obtidos foram maiores que em Musso (2008), evidenciando a vantagem de se combinar diferentes materiais para a contenção de íons. / This research evaluated composite liners performance when permeated by \'CU\'\'CL IND.2\'.2\'H IND.2\'\'O\' solution. It were used a compacted clayey soil (CCL) samples from Formação Corumbataí (state of São Paulo) and a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) manufactured in Brazil. Four specimens were prepared to column percolation tests. A pair of them was made with CCL on top of GCL and the other two with GCL on top of CCL. Specimens with different configurations were subjected to two \'CU POT.2+\' solutions: one with a concentration of 0,024M and other with 0,012M. Just after solution percolation began, there was an increase of hydraulic conductivity, but remaining around \'10 POT.-11\' m/s, in accordance with environmental laws. The composite liners demonstrated to be more efficient as barrier when compared to Musso (2008), which has analyzed both materials separately. The configuration of the liners did not influenced Rd values, unlike solutions concentration. It was observed that Rd results are inversely proportional to used concentrations. Rd values were larger than those obtained in Musso (2008), showing the advantage of matching different materials aiming ions retention.
5

Avaliação do comportamento de uma mistura compactada de solos lateríticos frente a soluções de Cu++, K+ e Cl- em colunas de percolação / not available

Fernando Eduardo Boff 20 July 1999 (has links)
Mistura compactada de materiais inconsolidados das formações Serra Geral e Botucatu foram percoladas por soluções com diversas concentrações de K+, Cl- e Cu++, em testes de coluna, para a avaliar a potencialidade da sua utilização como liner. Na modelagem dos resultados adotaram-se resoluções analíticas e semi-analíticas (programa POLLUTE v6). Estudo complementar sobre o comportamento eletroquímico destes solos foi realizado pelos ensaios de titulação potenciométrica, capacidade de tamponamento, pH em água e KCI, CTC e análise mineralógica por difração de Raios-X e térmica diferencial. Os resultados mostraram uma forte influência das características da carga elétrica superficial do solo no comportamento competitivo dos íons. / A compacted mixture of soils from Serra Geral and Botucatu formations were percolated by chemical solutions with several concentrations of K+, Cu++ e Cl-, in column tests, in order to assess the potential of this mixture as a liner-building material. In the modeling procedures for the results, analytical and semi-analytical solutions (POLLUTE v.6 software) were used. Additional studies about the electrochemical behavior of these soils were performed, using potenciometric titration, soil buffer capacity, pH in water and KCI and mineralogical assessment by X-Ray Diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The results showed a very strong influence of the soil superficial charge in the competitive ion behavior.

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