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Farm size economies size measure the relationship between the size of operation and the average cost of production. Along with increasing farm size, the average cost of production per unit may decline. One reason farms have been growing in size is that larger sized farms tend to have more recent and advanced machines capable of covering more land with less labor. However, it is still questionable how farm size affects on input costs and field operation costs in Saskatchewan. The major objective of this study was to examine the issues related to size economies in larger crop farms in Saskatchewan. The project has taken a different approach than is traditionally done in economies of size research where various forms of statistical data are analyzed. <p>First, the study analyzed several different operating and investment costs to see whether they are decreasing or staying the same as a result of increasing farm size. Next the study determined the probabilities of available field workdays using conditional probability equations derived from the Markov Chain method. The analysis was carried out for the West central and East central Saskatchewan regions to determine spring and fall field workability. Based on the field workdays estimation, the optimal area of combine for larger farms were analysed using a least-cost machinery size approach. The last part of this study analysed farm operational costs per unit for larger crop farms in order to determine how machinery efficiency and farm size have an effect on the farm production costs. <p>The study found that however there were certain combine costs that increase with farm size in Saskatchewan. In addition, soil types, weather conditions and field efficiency can strongly affect combine cost per acre. <p>The results of this research provide a reference for policy makers in designing policy recommendations. In addition, the results may offer useful information for farmers in designing management plans to control farm operation costs.

Farm size economies size measure the relationship between the size of operation and the average cost of production. Along with increasing farm size, the average cost of production per unit may decline. One reason farms have been growing in size is that larger sized farms tend to have more recent and advanced machines capable of covering more land with less labor. However, it is still questionable how farm size affects on input costs and field operation costs in Saskatchewan. The major objective of this study was to examine the issues related to size economies in larger crop farms in Saskatchewan. The project has taken a different approach than is traditionally done in economies of size research where various forms of statistical data are analyzed. <p>First, the study analyzed several different operating and investment costs to see whether they are decreasing or staying the same as a result of increasing farm size. Next the study determined the probabilities of available field workdays using conditional probability equations derived from the Markov Chain method. The analysis was carried out for the West central and East central Saskatchewan regions to determine spring and fall field workability. Based on the field workdays estimation, the optimal area of combine for larger farms were analysed using a least-cost machinery size approach. The last part of this study analysed farm operational costs per unit for larger crop farms in order to determine how machinery efficiency and farm size have an effect on the farm production costs. <p>The study found that however there were certain combine costs that increase with farm size in Saskatchewan. In addition, soil types, weather conditions and field efficiency can strongly affect combine cost per acre. <p>The results of this research provide a reference for policy makers in designing policy recommendations. In addition, the results may offer useful information for farmers in designing management plans to control farm operation costs.

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Biomass cogeneration systems can generate power and process heat simultaneously from a single energy resource efficiently. In this thesis, three biomass cogeneration systems are examined. Parametric analysis of back pressure steam turbine cogeneration system, condensing steam turbine cogeneration system and double back pressure steam turbine cogeneration system is conducted. Energy and exergy analyses are performed for three biomass based cogeneration configurations. The parametric analysis demonstrates the effects of varying operating conditions (temperature: 340 oCto 520 oCand pressure: 21bar to 81bar). A higher steam inlet temperature and pressure to the turbine yields better energy and exergy efficiencies and performance. Steam inlet conditions to the turbines and process heater requirements influence the power output and cogeneration system efficiencies. Greenhouse gases reduction is achieved by cooperating cogeneration systems with biomass to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming potential in the power industrial sectors. / UOIT

Bluetooth Piconet has become an important area of research and development in the short-range wireless network system. It is well known that bluetooth causes disturbing interference since sharing frequency band is used in communication channels. This thesis proposes a new and efficient method to solve the retransmission problem that occurs in wireless interference. The proposed method is developed based on average transmit times and margin of grouping to find out the grouping rule of the Bluetooth Piconet. A computer simulation shows in this thesis that the performance of the proposed group assignment approach is much bettter than can be obtained by other conventional means. Furthermore, in order to reduce retransmit time and save time-slot, a new packet combine retransmit method is developed based on different reliability of packet's transmit conditions in this thesis. As a consequence, for total duty cycle and time slots, the proposed packet combine retransmit method obtains a better performance than the conventional retransmit method.

Med ett energikombinat vid Lillesjöverket vill Uddevalla Energi energieffektivisera samt sänka temperatur på återkommande fjärrvärmevatten, för att kunna utnyttja rökgaskondensorn effektivare. Uppdraget var att utreda mängden tillgänglig energi under sommarhalvåret och utföra en matematisk kalkyl som ska ligga till grund för val av tork. Valet stod mellan två alternativ av tork där storlek på värmeväxlararea och investeringskostnad skilde dem åt. Sedan följde dimensionering av fjärrvärmeledning samt cirkulationspump från fjärrvärmenätet till tork. Syftet var att ge Uddevalla Energi ett tekniskt beslutsunderlag för val av storlek på tork samt dimensionering av energiöverföring till densamma. Som metod användes flera olika beräkningsmodeller vid kalkylering av resultaten. Vid jämförelse mellan de två torkalternativen visade det sig att med en ökad investeringskostnad med 2,18 %, för en större värmeväxlararea i tork, ökade mängden energi som fanns tillgänglig till tork under sommarhalvåret med 16,7 %. Detta medförde att kostnaderna för tillskjuten energi sänktes med 65,9 % för att Uddevalla Energi skulle nå sitt mål på 60 GWh. För att nå målet krävdes enligt kalkyl en installation av torkalternativ 2 samt en sänkning av antalet dagar då verket står still på grund av underhåll. / With an energy combine at Lillesjöverket, Uddevalla Energi wants to improve energy efficiency and lower the temperature of the returning district heating water in order to utilize the flue gas condenser more effectively. The assignment was to investigate the availability of power during the summer months and perform a mathematical calculation that will form the basis for the selection of dryer. The selection stood between two options of dryer where the size of the heat exchanger area and investment costs separated them. Also performed were sizing of the district heating water pipeline and the circulation pump from the district heating water network to the dryer. The purpose was to present Uddevalla Energi with a technical basis for selection of the size of the dryer and sizing of energy transfer to the dryer. As method several different calculations were used when calculating the results. When comparing the two options, it turned out that with an increased investment cost of 2.18%, for a larger heat exchange area in the dryer, the amount of energy available to the dryer during the summer months increased by 16.7%. This meant that the cost for energy contributed, for Uddevalla Energi to achieve their goal of 60 GWh, is reduced by 65.9%. To achieve their goal it was required by calculations to install dryer option number two and a reduction in the number of days in which the work is at a standstill due to maintenance.

The thesis is focused on the combine harvester in terms of noise and dust in the cabin, but also outside. The literature search is the basic data and concepts from areas combine harvesters, noise and dust. The actual measurements were carried out on the land at the four farmers. Measured the machines were different dates of manufacture. These are machines Fortschritt E 512 (1983), Fortschritt E 514 (1989), IH 2188 (1998) and Claas Avero 240 (2011). The results of measurement were graphically displayed and compared each other. The measured values were compared with the current legislation. These measurements showed that the noise does not just limit oldest machine. Dustiness been in this job for guidance only. Thanks dust measurements but we get a more complete view of the work environment in which the operator is exposed.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of CLAAS TUCANO 440 and CLAAS TUCANO 450 combine harvesters for the harvest of cereals and winter rape. It evaluates problems in terms of losses, depending on grain humidity, quality of crushing and spreading plant residues. The thesis sets basic performance and is supplemented by a simple analysis of investment and operating costs. The methodology of the solution was based on own measurements, information obtained from the owner, literature and agricultural standards.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Allen M. Featherstone / In the United States, accurately predicting the agricultural industry’s future demand for new farm machinery is a complicated, challenging and ever-changing issue. To compound the matter; as the size of large farm machinery continues to increase, the annualized sales volume is decreasing over time. This thesis also finds that recent mandates applicable to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) diesel engine emission compliance and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Section 179 tax code may help with forecasting the demand for farm machinery on an annual basis. This thesis evaluates factors that affect the annual unit demand of combines in the United States. Due to the lack of published literature on this specific topic, a survey of John Deere dealership sales professionals who have had recent experience selling new combines to farmers was used. This perspective brings to light factors that impact industry demand for new combines. This study results in an empirical regression model with independent variables based on the survey results. A thorough understanding of the independent variables can aid in predicting the future demand for combines. This work indicates that forty years of historical data proves to provide enough variability such that statistically significant variables are identified to accurately predict future sales. Statistically significant factors that affect the annual unit sales volume of combines in the United States include: Interest Rate, Net Cash Income, IRS Section 179 Tax Code, Planted Acres and Combine Capacity. Future industry demand is predicted by applying forecasted estimates to the model’s applicable independent variables.