Les super-statoréacteurs sont des systèmes de propulsion aérobie à grande vitesse qui ne nécessitent pas d’éléments rotatifs pour comprimer l’écoulement d’air. Celui-ci est comprimé dynamiquement par un système d’admission intégré dans le véhicule, atteignant la pression et la température requises pour que la combustion puisse s’opérer dans la chambre de combustion. La chambre de combustion est traversée par un écoulement supersonique dans ce type de moteur, ce qui limite considérablement le temps disponible pour injecter le carburant, le mélanger avec un oxydant, enflammer le mélange obtenu et parvenir à une combustion complète. Les cavités peuvent être utilisées pour augmenter le temps de séjour sans perte excessive de pression totale et sont donc utilisées comme éléments de stabilisation dans les chambres de combustion supersonique. Cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude du mécanisme de stabilisation et des interactions chimie-turbulence dans le cas d’une injection pariétale de combustible dans un écoulement supersonique d’air vicié en amont d’une cavité carrée. Les conditions d’écoulement réactif à grande vitesse correspondantes sont examinées sur la base de simulations numériques d’un modèle de scramjet représentatif d’expériences effectuées précédemment à l’Université du Michigan. Les calculs sont effectués avec le solveur CREAMS, développé pour effectuer la simulation numérique d’écoulements multi-espèces réactifs compressibles sur des architectures massivement parallèles. Le solveur utilise des schémas numériques d’ordre élevé appliqués sur des maillages structurées et la géométrie de la chambre de combustion est modélisée à l’aide d’une méthode de frontières immergées (IBM). Les simulations LES font usage du modèle wall-adapting local eddy (WALE). Deux températures distinctes sont considérées dans l’écoulement entrant d’air vicié pour étudier la stabilisation de la combustion.Une attention particulière est accordée à l’analyse de la topologie et de la structure des écoulements réactifs, les régimes de combustion sont analysés sur la base de diagrammes standards de combustion turbulente. / Scramjet engines are high-speed air breathing propulsion systems that do not require rotating elements to compress the air inlet stream. The flow is compressed dynamically through a supersonic intake system integrated in the aircraft’s forebody, reaching the required pressure and temperature for combustion to proceed within the combustor in this kind of engine. The combustion chamber is crossed by a supersonic flow, which limits severely the time available to inject fuel, mix it with oxidizer, ignite the resulting mixture and reach complete combustion. Cavities can be used to increase the residence time without excessive total pressure loss and are therefore used as flame holders in supersonic combustors.This thesis focuses in studying the flame stabilization mechanism and turbulence-chemistry interactions for a jet in a supersonic crossflow (JISCF) of vitiated air with hydrogen injection upstream of a wall-mounted squared cavity. The corresponding reactive high-speed flow conditions are scrutinized on the basis of numerical simulations of a scramjet model representative of experiments previously conducted at the University of Michigan. The computations are performed with the high-performance computational solver CREAMS, developed to perform the numerical simulation of compressible reactive multi-component flows on massively-parallel architectures. The solver makes use of high-order precision numerical schemes applied on structured meshes and the combustion chamber geometry is modeled by using the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) algorithm. The present set of computations is conducted within the LES framework and the subgrid viscosity is treated with the wall-adapting local eddy (WALE)model. Two distinct temperatures are considered in the inlet vitiated airstream to study combustion stabilization. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the reactive flow topology and structure,and the combustion regimes are analyzed on the basis of standard turbulent combustion diagrams.

Graduation date: 1995

Wave engines are a class of unsteady, air-breathing propulsion devices that use an intermittent combustion process to generate thrust. The inherently simple mechanical design of the wave engine allows for a relatively low cost per unit propulsion system, yet unsatisfactory overall performance has severely limited the development of commercially successful wave engines. The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a more detailed physical understanding of the influence of gas dynamic nonlinearities, unsteady combustion processes, and engine shape on overall wave engine performance. Within this study, several numerical models were developed and applied to wave engines and related applications. The first portion of this investigation examined the influence of duct shape on driven oscillations in acoustic compression devices, which represent a simplified physical system closely related in several ways to the wave engine. A numerical model based on an application of the Galerkin method was developed to simulate large amplitude, one-dimensional acoustic waves driven in closed ducts. Results from this portion of the investigation showed that gas-dynamic nonlinearities significantly influence the properties of driven oscillations by transferring acoustic energy from the fundamental driven mode into higher harmonic modes. The second portion of this investigation presented and analyzed results from a numerical model of wave engine dynamics based on the quasi one-dimensional conservation equations in addition to separate sub-models for mixing and heat release. This model was then used to perform parametric studies of the characteristics of mixing and engine shape. The objectives of these studies were to determine the influence of mixing characteristics and engine shape on overall wave engine performance and to develop insight into the physical processes controlling overall performance trends. Results from this model showed that wave engine performance was strongly dependent on the coupling between the unsteady heat release that drives oscillations in the engine and the characteristics that determine the acoustic properties of the engine such as engine shape and mean property gradients. Simulation results showed that average thrust generation decreased dramatically when the natural acoustic mode frequencies of the engine and the frequency content of the unsteady heat release were not aligned.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Dec. 17, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Engineering, University of Adelaide, 1989. / Typewritten. Includes bibliographical references.