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A Examination of the Relationship between 90-days and 180-days Commerical Paper rate Application by Threshold CointegrationLin, Yuan-Ching 27 June 2007 (has links)
This paper uses a two-regime vector error-correction with a single cointegrating vector and a threshold in the error-correction term introduced by Hansen and Seo(2002). We propose a SupLM test for the presence of a threshold. We derive the asymptotic distribution and show how to simulate asymptotic critical region. Applying our methods to the 90-days and 180-days Commercial Paper rate, we find that there are an apparent threshold effect and inconsistent behaviors in the long-run equilibrium process.
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Using Interest Rate Spreads to Predict Economic Development Empirical Results for the U.S. 1980-2007Nilsson, Lisa. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.
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noneTzeng, Ruel-Wen 07 August 2002 (has links)
none
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Optimalizace portfolia cenných papírů drobného investora / Small Investor securities portfolio OptimalizationŘezníček, Pavel January 2008 (has links)
The master’s thesis deals about portfolio securities optimalization on Prague stock exchange. After the theoretical part follows global fundamental analysis with the guess of market trends. Next part describes fundemantal analysis on the association´s level. On the basis of fundamental analysis results was created optimized securities portfolio.
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Covid-19-krisens effekter på fastighetsbolags kapitalkällor och refinansieringsmöjligheter : En explorativ studie i en svensk kontext vid inledningen av pandemin 2020 / The effects of the Covid-19-crisis on real estate companies' sources of capital and refinancing opportunitiesBrandt, Erik, Frankedal Skoog, Douglas January 2020 (has links)
Den svenska ekonomin har gått på högvarv under flera år och har kännetecknats av en lågräntemiljö med god tillgång på kapital. I spåren av finanskrisen under 2008 har flera kapitalkällor vuxit fram och möjliggjort en diversifiering av finansiering. Konkurrens bland kapitalkällorna har pressat priserna, ökat flexibiliteten, skapat längre löptider och ökat valfriheten för fastighetsbolagen. Detta är resultatet av stränga regelverk för bankväsendet och ett ökat intresse från både internationella och nationella investerare. Marknadsfinansiering har alltså fått en mer central roll i fastighetssektorns skuldportföljer. Covid-19-krisen har ställt detta på sin spets och dämpat tillgången på kapital. I den akademiska litteraturen är antalet studier inom forskningsfälten corporate finance och behavioral finance i kristid relativt få. Studiens syfte är att utforska marknadsaktörers uppfattning om krisen och om alternativ för refinansiering av kommersiella fastigheter samt att jämföra den nuvarande situationen med tidigare kriser. Studien bidrar med unikt material eftersom den produceras i inledningen av Covid-19-krisen. Studien är kvalitativ och använder sig av en dokumentstudie samt en intervjustudie om 17 respondenter från den svenska kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden. Dokumentstudien har möjliggjort en djupgående analys av hur tidigare ekonomiska kriser har påverkat fastighetsmarknaden och vilka lärdomar som kan dras. Aktörerna i studien anger att Covid-19 minskar tillgången på kapital för fastighetsmarknaden. Detta eftersom att det råder en stor osäkerhet i marknaden, vilket orsakat att flera kapitalkällor “fryst”. Det går att se signaler som pekar på ett skifte av finansieringskällor för de svenska fastighetsbolagen. Flera vänder sig nu från kapitalmarknaden och mot bankmarknaden för att få hjälp med refinansiering. Covid-19 har realiserat en unik refinansieringsrisk som inte påminner om tidigare kriser, vilket kan förstås mot bakgrund av de senare årens ökade användande av nya finansieringsformer. / The Swedish economy has been booming for several years and has been characterized by a low interest rate environment with good access to capital. In the wake of the financial crisis in 2008, several sources of capital have emerged and enabled diversification of funding. Competition among the capital sources has pushed prices down, increased flexibility, created longer maturities and increased freedom of choice for the real estate companies. This is the result of stringent banking regulations and increased interest from both international and national investors. Market financing has thus been given a more central role in the property sector's debt portfolios. The Covid-19-crisis has put this at its forefront and slowed the supply of capital. In the academic literature, the research fields of corporate finance and behavioral finance in times of crisis are still relatively unexplored. The aim of the study is to explore the market actor’s perception of the crisis and of alternatives for the refinancing of commercial real estate as well as comparing the present situation to earlier crises. This study is produced during the emergence of the Covid-19 crisis in the Spring of 2020 and provides a unique material. The study is qualitative and uses a document study as well as an interview study of 17 respondents from the Swedish commercial real estate market. The document study has enabled an in-depth analysis of how previous economic crises have affected the real estate market and what lessons can be learned to gain an understanding of the study's research issues. The participants in the study indicate that Covid-19 reduces the supply of capital for the real estate market. There is great uncertainty in the market, which has caused several sources of capital to “freeze”. It is also possible to see signals that point to a shift in sources of financing among the Swedish real estate companies. Companies turn from the capital market to the banking sector for refinancing. Covid-19 has realized a unique refinancing risk that is not reminiscent of previous crises, which can be understood in the light of the increased use of new forms of financing in recent years.
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Využití směnek v tuzemském i mezinárodním obchodním styku / Use of bills of exchange and promissory notes in domestic and international business transactionsRybníčková, Petra January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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The effects of financing constraints on firms' use of trade credit and other alternative financing sources / Les effets des contraintes de financement sur l'utilisation du crédit commercial et d'autres sources de financement alternatives par les entreprisesBui, Thi Thanh Xuan 08 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse se compose de quatre essais portant sur les effets des contraintes de financement sur l'utilisation du crédit commercial (TC) et d'autres sources alternatives de financement des entreprises. Dans le premier essai, nous étudions les effets des contraintes sur l'emprunt bancaire (BL) sur l'utilisation du TC par les entreprises vietnamiennes. Nous étudions plus particulièrement l’effet de la taille sur le choix entre les deux types de financement. Nous constatons que les grandes entreprises lorsqu’elles sont rationnées sur les BL comptent plus sur le TC que les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). En particulier, nous constatons que les grandes entreprises dont la demande de crédit a été refusée utilisent plus de TC tandis que les PME dans la même situation en utilisent moins. Dans le deuxième essai, nous étudions les effets des contraintes sur les BL sur l’utilisation du TC en fonction de la taille et de l'âge des entreprises ainsi que du développement institutionnel des différents pays. Nos résultats suggèrent que le TC et le BL ont tendance à être des substituts pour les entreprises les plus grandes, les plus âgés et lesquelles situées dans les pays développés (développement institutionnel plus fort). En revanche, le TC et le BL sont complémentaires pour les entreprises les plus jeunes, les plus petites et lesquelles situées dans les pays en développement (développement institutionnel faible). Ce résultat est particulièrement net dans le cas où la demande de crédit est refusée. Dans notre troisième essai, nous étudions les effets des contraintes sur les BL sur l'utilisation de six sources alternatives de financement par les PME dans le monde entier. Les formes de financement étudiées sont: le TC, le crédit-bail, les cartes de crédit, la finance informelle, les fonds provenant de la famille et des amis et les capitaux propres. Nos résultats suggèrent généralement que les PME rationnées par les banques ont tendance à compter davantage sur les fonds de la famille et des amis et sur les prêts des usuriers. Nous trouvons aussi qu'elles utilisent les modes de financement alternatifs plutôt pour financer le fonds de roulement que pour financer de nouveaux investissements. Dans le dernier essai, à partir d’un échantillon d'entreprises non financières du S&P 500, nous examinons l'interaction entre l'utilisation du papier commercial (CP), des lignes de crédit bancaire (CL) et du TC sur la période 2003 à 2014. Nos résultats suggèrent que les entreprises avec le risque de refinancement le plus élevé empruntent plus sous la forme de CL et de TC que sous la forme de CP. Cet effet est plus fort pour les CL. Nous constatons également que plus le niveau d'asymétrie d’information est fort, plus les entreprises utilisent les CL et le TC par rapport à CP. En revanche, plus les problèmes d'aléa moral sont graves, plus les entreprises favorisent les CP par rapport aux CL et TC. / This thesis consists of four essays investigating the effects of financing constraints on firms' use of trade credit (TC) and other alternative financing sources. In the first essay, we investigate the effects of bank loan (BL) constraints on the use of TC by Vietnamese firms across size. We find that bank-constrained large firms rely on TC more than bank-constrained Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Particularly, we find that denied large firms use more TC whereas denied SMEs use less of it. In the second essay, we study the effects of BL constraints on firm's use of TC across size, age and institutional development by using an international sample. Our results suggest that TC and BL tend to be substitutes for larger, older firms and those in developed countries with stronger institutional development; and complements for smaller, younger firms and those in developing countries with weaker institutional development, especially when constraints relate to credit denial. In our third essay, we investigate the effects of BL constraints on the use of six alternative financing sources by SMEs worldwide, i.e. TC, leasing, credit cards, informal finance, sources from family and friends and equity. Our results generally suggest that bank-constrained SMEs tend to rely more on sources from family and friends and those from money lenders. We also find that they use alternative financing to finance working capital requirement to a greater extent as compared to new investments. In the last essay, by using a sample of nonfinancial S&P 500 firms, we examine the interplay between the use of commercial paper (CP), bank credit lines (CL) and TC for the period 2003-2014. Our results suggest that firms with higher rollover risk borrow more from CL and TC relative to CP with a stronger effect for CL. We also find that higher level of asymmetric information is associated with more usage of CL and TC relative to CP while more severe moral hazard problems are associated with more usage of CP relative to CL and TC.
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