This study sits within the socio-political and legislative context of a transition time worldwide, when globalisation, a communication revolution, mass migration, climate change and economic rebalancing are changing the face of the world. This work aimed to resolve some of the challenges urban practice is facing to adopt complex, systemic and multidisciplinary appraisal processes that could help deliver more sustainable neighbourhoods, looking at public life in the public realm in British neighbourhoods. The study adopted the concept of neighbourhood coined by Barton (2000): the physical environment; the community; and human perceptions of their area. All encapsulated within six core dimensions of place proposed by Carmona et.al (2010): ‘morphological’, ‘social’, ‘perceptual’, ‘visual’, ‘functional’ and ‘temporal’ dimensions. This research concerns the first three dimensions. Traditionally, urban studies, design guidance and planning policy in Britain have been largely dominated by morphology literature. More recently, methods for appraising the quality of the public realm were developed. However, these approaches focus on the physical aspects of place neglecting other dimensions. The core element of this research involved the adaptation of social sciences’ tools and their application to appraise two urban neighbourhoods in Nottingham, and two semi-rural towns in North East Derbyshire. The empirical study applied a variety of methods including quantitative analysis and phenomenological interpretation. The adopted social tools were tested in professionally-led, community-led and authority-led engagement processes to inform planning policy. The correlated findings demonstrated that all three dimensions are strongly interconnected: road hierarchy, social spheres and enclave-belonging behaviours correlated; informal contact at a street level was strongly related to street patterns; public building provision was associated with the creation and development of social networks; and the value that neighbours gave to public places had correlation with certain urban characteristics of place but not with professional evaluations of urban quality. This new knowledge made two main contributions to urban practice: methodological, with the introduction of feasible ways to appraise the social and perceptual dimensions of place in neighbourhoods; and empirical, with evidence based validation of existing synergies between three dimensions of place in neighbourhoods. It also contributed to urban literature and opened channels for further research. This thesis demonstrated that studies that neglect social and perceptual dimensions, emphasising on morphology, might result in incomprehensive or incomplete interpretations of place. An assumption can be made on the basis of these empirical findings that other dimensions of place that escaped the scope of this research are equally important. Following this work, field practitioners and authorities are urged to note the relevance of multi-dimensional approaches to urbanism, an urgent reform that needs to be catalysed in urban policy and practice.

Master of Science / Family Studies and Human Services / Joyce Baptist / This qualitative study explored 65 rural adolescents' perceptions of health issues and needs. Focus groups were conducted with adolescents in six rural communities in Kansas. Analysis of transcripts suggested that the adolescents’ face numerous health issues that strongly influence their behaviors and expressed need for assistance. Adolescent health issues stemmed across biological, psychological, and social factors. Major themes evolved around challenges pertaining to healthy choices in food and nutrition, physical activity, stress management, sexual health, perceptions of invincibility, and poor role-modeling. To improve well-being adolescents need privacy, effective conversations, accessible health services, reliable education, and prioritization of healthy lifestyles. Implications for clinical and research are discussed.

No description available.

Numerous studies have been undertaken on a wide range of issues affecting racialised minorities and small businesses. This thesis has chosen to focus on a number of issues pertinent to the nature of ethnic minority owned small firms. Whilst the topic of finance has been researched in tandem with other factors, it has rarely received the attention devoted to it in this thesis. The thesis critically evaluates finance availability for black small enterprises owned by persons of South Asian and African-Caribbean origins. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with business owners in fifteen locations in England. These interviews have been enriched by a smaller number of in-depth unstructured conversations. Apart from finance, other relatively under-researched aspects of black enterprise are also discussed in this investigation. The interplay of gender, ethnicity and small enterprise is explored in chapter four whilst chapter seven examines the nature of both African-Caribbean and South Asian businesses situated in contrasting market areas. Parallels are drawn between the experiences of allegedly entrepreneurial-minded groups such as the Koreans and African-Americans in the USA who are distinctly under-represented among the small business owning classes. The outcome of this investigation of African-Caribbean and South Asian small enterprises is an image of a group of owners who have a strong determination to succeed in their ventures, exemplified through such factors as their motivation and attendant vocational qualifications, whilst simultaneously attempting to overcome numerous obstacles. Some of these barriers are generic to small businesses per se, whilst others are more exclusively 'ethnic'. The whole thesis is encapsulated within socio-political debates around the plight of severely disadvantaged visible minorities and proposed self-help strategies mediated by the persistence of covert and blatant racism.

Submitted by ROSIVANDERSON BAIA CORREA null (rosivan@ufpa.br) on 2017-09-30T06:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 T E S E_FINAL.pdf: 5349394 bytes, checksum: e698ed8922f5a1e6e36ce2a439a77a29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T16:41:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_rb_dr_prud.pdf: 5349394 bytes, checksum: e698ed8922f5a1e6e36ce2a439a77a29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T16:41:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_rb_dr_prud.pdf: 5349394 bytes, checksum: e698ed8922f5a1e6e36ce2a439a77a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar e analisar a produção do açaí (euterpe olerácea martius) na região tocantina no estado do Pará, em particular os municípios de Cametá, Igarapé-Mirí e Oeiras do Pará pertencentes à Microrregião Geográfica de Cametá , por serem estes grandes produtores de açaí. Tendo este produto experimentado nos últimos anos uma grande expansão/aceitação no mercado externo regional, nacional e global. O recorte temporal selecionado se estende de 1990 até os dias atuais, por ser este o momento em que o açaí-fruto, em forma de polpa, começa a ser comercializado fora da região, além do consumo interno na Amazônia. Dessa forma surgem novos produtos a partir da polpa do açaí como o sorvete de açaí, mix, energéticos, refrigerantes etc. As principais problemáticas investigaram quais têm sido as vantagens para as comunidades ribeirinhas que produzem açaí, com a expansão do circuito espacial da produção para os mercados nacional e internacional? Quais têm sido as metamorfoses impressas no território que indiquem mudanças? Quais medidas podem ser adotadas para fomentar o desenvolvimento que beneficie não apenas os comerciantes e as agroindústrias, mas também os produtores de açaí e as comunidades locais? Realizamos a investigação utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa de Campo e a pesquisa documental e os resultados apontam que existe perspectiva de desenvolvimento a partir a produção de açaí se aliada a outras atividades, como a pesca e a cultura de outros produtos. / The present work has as main objective to investigate and to analyze the production of the açaí (euterpe olerácea martius) in the area tocantina in the state of Pará, in matter the municipal districts of Cametá, Igarapé-Mirí and Oeiras do Pará belonging Geographical Microrregião of Cametá, for they be these big producing of açaí. Tends that this experienced product in the last years a great expansion in the regional, national and global external market. The selected temporary cutting if it extends from 1990 to the current days, for being this the moment in that the açaí-fruit, in pulp form, begins to be marketed out of the area, besides the internal consumption in the Amazonian. In that way new products do appear starting from the pulp of the açaí as the açaí ice cream, mix, energy, soft drinks etc. which THE main problem investigated the advantages have been for the riverine communities that produce açaí, with the expansion of the space circuit of the production to the national and international markets? Which have the metamorphoses been printed in the territory that you/they indicate changes? Which measures can be adopted to foment the development to not just benefit the merchants and the agribusinesses, but also the producing of açaí and the local communities? We accomplished the investigation using the bibliographical research, the research of Field and the documental research and results point that development perspective exists to break the açaí production if allied to other activities, as the fishing and the culture of other products.

Orientador: Auro Aparecido Mendes / Banca: Bernadete Aparecida Caprioglio de Castro Oliveira / Banca: Geisa Daise Gumiero Cleps / Resumo: Na sociedade de consumo o cidadão-consumidor está condicionado a interagir com relações virtuais, consumir mercadorias signos e simulacros. Nesta referida sociedade tudo pode ser transformado em mercadoria e o espaço não é exceção. O espaço passa a ser produzido a fim de satisfazer as necessidades símbolos criadas com o propósito de oferecer status, privacidade, segurança associado a um ambiente mais próximo da natureza. Encontramos nos condôminos residenciais, horizontais e verticais, de direito ou de fato, um produto elaborado que se propõe a satisfazer tais necessidades , existentes nas diferentes categorias sócioeconômicas. Os condomínios residenciais não possuem, em si, a capacidade de suprir tais necessidades e acabam sendo o mecanismo utilizado pelas empresas imobiliárias para a valorização especulativa do espaço urbano. Este processo acaba culminando na produção de segregação sócio-espacial, devido ao estímulo a auto - segregação, além de ser um instrumento, utilizado pelo Estado, à produção de segregação imposta no Município de Rio Claro(SP). O trabalho, como objetivo geral, identificou os condomínios no tempo e no espaço bem como sua tipologia .Como objetivo específico , encontrou através de pesquisa realizada em cinco condomínios de diferentes categorias sociais, que a busca por segurança é, inicialmente, a maior motivação para as pessoas que buscam morar em condomínio nesses lugares. / Abstract: In the society of consumption the citizen consumer is conditioned to interact with virtual relations, goods, signs and simulacrums. In that society everything can be transformed in goods and the space is not an exception. The space will be produced to meet the needs symbols created with the aim of offering status, privacy, security associated with a more close to nature. We find in residential condominiums, horizontal and vertical, in law or in fact, a developed product that proposes to meet those needs that exist in the various socioeconomics categories. The residential condominiums have not, in itself, the ability to meet such needs and end up being the mechanism used by real estate companies for the speculative valorization of urban space. This process eventually culminate in production of spatial partner segregation, due to stimulate the self - segregation, besides being an instrument, used by the State, to the production of imposed segregation in the city of Rio Claro (SP). The work, as general purpose, identified the condominiums in time and space and their typology. As a specific objective, was found through research done in five different social categories condominiums', that the quest for security is, initially, the biggest motivation for people seeking live in condominium. / Mestre

Sociologists have been interested in how individuals in modern society are bound to each other since the inception of the discipline. The 'community question' has seen three broad paradigms in this time. The 'community lost' perspective argues that community belonging and modernity are incompatible. In contrast, 'community saved' research suggest that the nature of modernity has made the benefits of community more salient than ever. Finally, the 'community transformed' approach posits that community has metamorphosed to become more relevant to the modern world. This thesis seeks to explore the form that communities may take in contemporary urban settings, and investigate the processes that underlie their continuation. To this end, an ethnographic case study approach was employed to examine an organisation that appears to both offer and exploit community – Alpha. Alpha is an eleven-week catechetical course that seeks to integrate non-Christians into the Christian community. Identifying and employing three 'ideal type' categories of Alpha guests, I examine the methods that the organisation uses in its efforts to attract new members, keep them attending, and integrate them into the community of the church. I argue that Alpha offers three distinct forms of community, with each appealing to different ideal type guests. The first is a gateway to the larger community of the local congregation. The second is a low-commitment community-in-itself. Finally, Alpha represents a community that offers material benefits to members. Alpha suggests that communities can be successful in attracting members by creating hybridised, multifaceted forms of belonging but that fostering long-term commitment is more problematic. This supports the 'community transformed' position that argues that the forms of belonging that were dominant in pre- and early modernity are less salient today.

This thesis addresses the question of how socio-political differences and lived experiences of gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity may be perceived to manifest in the making of sound arts and experimental musics with a specific focus upon works made by women. Drawing upon compositions, installations and artist-archives including works by Lina Džuverovic, Anne Hilde Neset, Cathy Lane, Emma Hedditch, Sonia Boyce, Kim Gordon and Jutta Koether, the research considers the different ways in which the category of “woman” has been historically silenced, erased, ignored and disqualified from and misrepresented within dominant historical sound and music histories. I then ask what representations of “woman” might have materialised within this relational paradigm that “privileges the perspective of an archetypal Western, white, and male subject” as the universal subject of sound (Rodgers 2010b: v)? In particular noise and silence are addressed as the assumed polar limits of sound arts and experimental musics combined with a reconsideration of the fundamental parameters of pitch, timbre and amplitude as sound’s dominant laws, norms and conventions. The analysis of how the artists addressed within the research have in turn used and critiqued historically dominant representations through their aesthetic practices aims to demonstrate the ways in which these artists have challenged, resisted or transformed sound art and experimental music practices in the historical present. This research aims to contribute new insights within the emerging field of feminist sound studies by connecting social and aesthetic processes in contemporary sound arts and experimental music practices within a discourse of feminist composition. Such a discourse seeks to contribute to the materialisation of alternative sound and music economies through the subtle calibration of compositional strategies that seek to displace dominant compositional processes intent upon regulating the noise of the social as a field of normalisation for the reproduction of the individual, self-sovereign and universally masculine subject of sound. Ultimately, what this research seeks to contribute is how to experience feminist composition as a social event.

No description available.

Thirteen group interviews collected data from randomly recruited second and third generation black British individuals. The interview format used was largely unstructured. The participants were informed that black and ethnic minority groups are largely underrepresented in psychological and mental health services with the ensuing topic of discussion constituting the query as to why this may be. A constructivist abbreviated version of grounded theory was applied to the transcribed material resulting from the interviews. All together 16 categories emerged from the data. These were organised under four broad headings: External Struggle (Trauma), Internal Struggle (Trauma), Private Self and ‘It’s Good to Talk!’ A theoretical process model ensued from the data pointing towards various factors working together in affecting the prevention and obstruction of help-seeking in the studied population. Informed by external trauma factors such as the concept and occurrence of slavery, via a sense of collective memory, and lived observations of discriminatory practice and attitudes, internal trauma components of distrust, sense of powerlessness and disillusion are in their interplay suggested to be primary causes of avoidance and omission of help-seeking outside of the own group. This study has made an important contribution to the knowledge base on factors preventing help-seeking in the black British second and third generation population of today. Future studies can use the knowledge gained to further theory development in this area and expand theory development to other ethnic minority groups.