75 English summary Lien of the share in a limited liability company The main goal of my thesis "Lien of the share in a limited liability company" is to analyze provisions of the new Czech Civil Code and Corporation Act, which were passed in the spring of 2012. Both statutes come into effect on 1 January 2014. At first I briefly describe the historical development of this issue since 1906, when first a statute concerning the limited liability company was passed in our country. Then I describe the main issues in the provisions of Czech commercial Code. Current legislation concerning the pawn of the share is a very brief one. The main problem, which I introduce, is that the legal possibility of pawning the share depends on the legal possibility of transferring the share. This provision neglects the fact, that the commercial Code defines two types of transfer of the share, that is to another shareholder or to a non-shareholder, i.e. to a person outside the company. The new Czech Civil Code contains a comprehensive legislation of the pawn. Its main assets are wide contractual freedom and protection of the lien debtor. Parties of the pledge contract can enter into contract, that enables the lien creditor to exercise voting rights on the General Meeting. Another, in my opinion controversial, new provision is that...

This thesis deals with shares in companies representing participation rate of the shareholder in a company and his rights and duties resulting from. At first I analyse establishing and regime of companies. Then I deal with kinds of shares in company limited by quarantee and private limited company. Finally, I focus on profit share, settlement and liquidating share. The aim is to analyse new Czech legislation.

Contract to transfer share in limited liability company Summary Purpose of this diploma thesis is to draw attention to selected aspects of a contract to transfer a share in a limited liability company and to outline possible solutions to several interpretation issues arising out of the Act on Business Corporations. In the first chapter the author describes a change introduced by the Act on Business Corporations that allows creation of different types of shares in a limited liability company. Different rights and obligations may be connected with such shares. The author focuses on the division and description of selected rights and obligations and their impact on the content of the contract to transfer a share in a limited liability company. In the second chapter the author describes the contract to transfer a share in a limited liability company from the parties' point of view and their motivation to enter into such contract. The author of this thesis also compares the contract to transfer a share in a limited liability company with the acquisition of the company's assets and focuses on their practical advantages and disadvatanges. Furthermore, the second chapter outlines possible contract types that may be used for transfers of a share in a limited liability company. The third chapters deals mainly with...

Le rôle du changement d’associé dans les sociétés de capitaux a gagné en importance ces dernières années et est ainsi devenu l’un des aspects essentiels du droit des sociétés. Tant en droit allemand qu’en droit français, une cession de droits sociaux peut présenter un certain nombre de difficultés juridiques. La thèse est destinée à apporter, à travers une analyse juridique comparative, une vue globale des possibilités de changement d’associé dans une société au regard des conditions à respecter ainsi que des procédures à suivre en cas de cessions de droits sociaux. L’ensemble des aspects est étudié en tenant compte des différences majeures existant entre le droit allemand et le droit français en la matière, de leurs origines et leurs causes ainsi que des avantages et inconvénients en résultant pour les associés dans chacun des deux systèmes juridiques, afin d’aboutir à une analyse comparative critique. / The role of shareholders changes in joint-stock companies has grown in importance in recent years and has thus become an essential aspect of company law. Both in German and French law, a sale of shares agreement may require solving a substantial number of legal difficulties. Through a comparative law analysis, the thesis aims to provide a global vision of the possibilities of changes to the shareholder structure regarding conditions to be met as well as procedures to be followed in cases of sales of shares. All aspects are examined taking into account the major differences existing between German and French law in this field, from their origins and causes as well as the resulting advantages and drawbacks for shareholders within each of the studied legal systems in order to lead to a comparative and critical analysis.

People make a company. Their expertise and talents, efficiency and job performance determine the company‘s profitability and growth. The long-term retention of employees is of the utmost importance, as these employees have a wealth of knowledge about the company, its industry and the products or services being sold. Businesses have created plans to retain employees for a maximum period of time. These ideas include cash bonuses, phantom share schemes, and providing the employee with shares in the business. This study will look at such ideas in general, and specifically investigate the different ways of providing employees with shares in the business. There are different ways of providing the employee with shares in a business. This can include loans (including interest-free loans) to the employee from the employer, loans to the employee from a financial institution, employee share ownership plans, company share option plans and providing the employee with shares in the business through an employee share trust. Each of these methods attracts certain taxes such as income tax, capital gains tax and secondary tax on companies or dividend tax. The aim of this study is to use a case study approach, critically analysing an anonymous company providing its employees with shares in the company through an employee share trust, and will specifically investigate the different tax consequences of each transaction taking place in the trust AFRIKAANS : Werknemers is 'n maatskappy se belangrikste bate. 'n Maatskappy se winsgewendheid en groei word deur sy werknemers se kennis, doeltreffendheid en werksprestasie bepaal. Dit is vir 'n maatskappy van kritieke belang om sy werknemers vir so lank as moontlik te behou, aangesien hierdie werknemers oor kosbare kennis besit rakende die maatskappy, die bedryf waarin die maatskappy besigheid doen en die produkte of dienste wat die maatskappy bemark. Talle maatskappy het skemas bewerkstellig om hulle werknemers vir so lank as moontlik te behou. Dit behels onder andere kontantbonusse, fiktiewe aandeleskemas en die verkryging van aandele in die maatskappy deur die werknemer. Hierdie studie ondersoek sodanige skemas in die algemeen, en fokus spesifiek op werknemers wat aandele in 'n maatskappy bekom. Werknemers kan aandele in die maatskappy op verskillende wyses bekom. Hierdie wyses sluit in lenings (insluitend rentevrye lenings) van die maatskappy aan die werknemer, lenings aan die werknemer van 'n finansiële instelling, aandeleskemas, opsies om aandele in 'n maatskappy te koop, en die verskaffing van aandele aan die werknemer deur 'n werknemer-aandeletrust. Elkeen van hierdie opsies het spesifieke belastinggevolge, insluitend inkomstebelasting, kapitaalwinsbelasting, en sekondêre belasting op maatskappye of dividendbelasting. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n spesifieke gevallestudie van 'n annonieme maatskappye te ontleed, waar die maatskappy aandele aan sy werknemers deur 'n werknemer-aandeletrust verskaf het, en sal in detail na die belastinggevolge van elke aksie in die trust te kyk. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Fouche, C 2011, Taxation consequences of providing shares to employees through a trust, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03262012-153458 / > F12/4/187/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted