O Rio Grande do Sul possui um grande potencial para a navegação interior devido à extensão de sua rede hidrográfica de quase 2200 km, sendo 930 km navegáveis. Aliado a isto, na última década o estado apresentou um crescimento econômico em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) de 167,2 %, segundo a Fundação de Economia e Estatística/RS. Mesmo com estas condicionantes favoráveis constata-se que o modelo atual da estrutura logística da movimentação de cargas continua a não privilegiar o setor hidroviário interior. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo cujos objetivos são: (i) identificar a representatividade do modal hidroviário interior em relação à movimentação de cargas, destinadas à exportação e importação, da metade norte do Rio Grande do Sul aos principais terminais privados hidroviários e ao porto público, localizados na cidade de Rio Grande; (ii) comparar o modal hidroviário com seus principais concorrentes, os modais rodoviário e ferroviário e (iii) avaliar o impacto econômico da adoção do calado sazonal. Para a comparação dos modais foram escolhidos três parâmetros que estabelecem custos em relação à tonelada quilometro transportada, são eles: custo médio de operação; custo despendido com combustíveis; e custos sociais. Após as informações coletadas foram processadas e analisadas, possibilitando identificar os custos gerados por cada modal. Na comparação destaca-se que o custo dos modais rodoviário e ferroviário são respectivamente 1541% e 405% maior do que o hidroviário interior e que a carga movimentada pelos três modais, em 2011, representou um custo total de R$ 1,79 bilhões, ou seja, 0,65% do PIB estadual. Na avaliação da adoção do calado sazonal foi estudado o possível ganho em termos de capacidade de transporte de cargas e a redução de custos gerada pela utilização do transporte hidroviário interior, no Rio Grande do Sul, decorrentes da possível implantação da permissividade de um calado sazonal, em função da variação histórica dos níveis de água, verificados através das curvas de permanências em nove estações pluviométricas localizadas na Laguna dos Patos e no Lago Guaíba. Constatou-se que a adoção do calado sazonal, no ano de 2011, teria um impacto de redução de custos de transporte na ordem de R$ 40,7 milhões, considerando a migração do modal rodoviário para o hidroviário e de R$ 10,1 milhões se fosse considerado a migração do modal ferroviário para o hidroviário. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in Brazil, has a significant potential for internal navigation due to the extent of its drainage network of almost 2,200 km, of which 930 km are navigable. Allied to this, in the last decade the state had an economic growth in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 167.2%, according to the Foundation of Economics and Statistics/RS. Even with these favorable conditions it appears that the current model of logistic structure of shipment continues to not emphasis on the internal waterway sector. Considering these aspects, this dissertation presents a study whose objectives are: (i) identify the representativeness of the interior waterways in relation to handling, for export and import, the northern half of Rio Grande do Sul to the main private terminals waterway and the public port, located in the city of Rio Grande , (ii) compare the waterways with its main competitors, the road and rail modes, and (iii) evaluate the economic impact of the adoption of the draft season. To compare the modals, three parameters that establish costs in relation to the tone kilometers transported were chosen, they are: average cost of operation, cost spent on fuel, and social costs. After the data were processed and analyzed, it was possible to identify the costs generated by each mode. In comparison it is emphasized that the cost of road and rail modes are respectively 405% and 1541% higher than the inland waterway and the shipment handled by the three modes, in 2011, represented a total cost of R$1.79 billion, i.e. 0.65% of the state GDP. In assessing the adoption of the draft seasonal possible gain was studied in terms of load carrying capacity and reducing costs generated by the use of inland waterway transport, in Rio Grande do Sul, from the possible deployment of the permittivity of a quiet season in function of the historical variation in water levels, checked through the curves stays in nine rainfall stations located in the Patos Lagoon and Lake Guaiba. It was found that the adoption of the draft season , in 2011, would have an impact of reducing transport costs in the order of R$40.7 million, considering the migration from road transport to waterways and R$10.1 million if found migrating the railroad to the waterway.

Various methods describes an image by specific shapes, which are called basis or frames. With these basis can be transformed the image into a representation by transformation coefficients. The aim is that the image can be described by a small number of coefficients to obtain so-called sparse representation. This feature can be used for example for image compression. But basis are not able to describe all the shapes that may appear in the image. This lack increases the number of transformation coefficients describing the image. The aim of this thesis is to study the general principle of calculating the transformation coefficients and to compare classical methods of image analysis with some of the new methods of image analysis. Compares effectiveness of method for image reconstruction from a limited number of coefficients and a noisy image. Also, compares image interpolation method using characteristics of two different transformations with bicubic transformation. Theoretical part describes the transformation methods. Describes some methods from aspects of multi/resolution, localization in time and frequency domains, redundancy and directionality. Furthermore, gives examples of transformations on a particular image. The practical part of the thesis compares efficiency of the Fourier, Wavelet, Contourlet, Ridgelet, Radon, Wavelet Packet and WaveAtom transform in image recontruction from a limited number of the most significant transformation coefficients. Besides, ability of image denoising using these methods with thresholding techniques applied to transformation coefficients. The last section deals with the interpolation of image interpolation by combining of two methods and compares the results with the classical bicubic interpolation.

Level of Detail (LOD) is an important area in game development and it is a term used to describe the complexity of 3D models. Complex 3D models that are rendered from a far distance can often be simplified, to minimise rendering costs. The visual appearance of a simplified model should be as close to the original model as possible. This process requires metrics that can produce a similarity score or a distance value between meshes of different quality.  In this report, four different metrics are evaluated on a dataset with models of different qualities. The metrics are the MSDM2, Chamfer Distance, Hausdorff Distance and Simplygon's internal distance called Maximum Deviation. The dataset is already annotated with subjective scores from an earlier experiment, and the metrics are evaluated using the Spearman and the Pearson Correlations between metric values and subjective scores. The metrics are evaluated on the whole model set, and on different categories of models. The correlation scores are calculated using three different regression techniques. These are a per-dataset regression, a scaled per-dataset regression, and an averaged per-model regression. In addition to this, the metrics are also evaluated on the same dataset but where the LOD:s are created using a different simplifying algorithm, Simplygon's own reducer.  The results show that MSDM2 is the best metric in correlation with subjective scores when using a per-dataset regression. It is also noticed that the other metrics are all quite similar. The difference between the MSDM2 metric and the other metrics is also much larger on categories like "Hard surface"- and "Complex" models. When using the less common regression techniques, MSDM2 has the worst correlation, and Chamfer Distance correlates the best.  When comparing the results from the two datasets, Simplygon's own reducer seem to have a greater correlation with the MSDM2 metric. There was no clear difference in scores for the other metrics.  The end result is that one metric is not always the best metric. The type of model, and the simplification algorithm used to create the LOD, can both affect the result. The evaluation technique also changes the result.

Bildigenkänning och jämförelse är ett ämne som har varit i fokus under en lång tid inom datavetenskap. Många företag har försökt att skapa produkter, som utnyttjar olika lösningar för att känna igen objekt och människor. Dock har ingen lyckats skapa en lösning som kan göra detta felfritt. Lifesum vill ha en lösning till deras kaloriräknarapplikation. Denna ska erbjuda användaren möjligheten att fotografera en maträtt, för att sedan kunna ta fram vilken maträtt som bilden illustrerar. Histogramjämförelse är ett av lösningsalternativen, dock inte den mest optimala bildjämförelsealgoritmen. Att använda en algoritm som utnyttjar nyckelpunktsdetektion är den mest optimala lösningen, om träning av algoritmen är ett alternativ. En av idéerna för att öka precisionen är att låta användaren välja mellan de fem bästa maträtterna som algoritmen rekommenderar. På så sätt ökar man sannolikheten att maträtten som söks är en av de rekommenderade maträtterna. Framtida arbeten inom detta ämne kan involvera forskning i hur träning utav HOG, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, algoritmen skulle fungera. Detta för att få ett bättre resultat som låter FLANN, Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Library, algoritmen arbeta snabbare. / Image recognition and comparison is a topic that has been in focus for a long time within computer science. Many companies have tried to create products that use different solutions to recognize objects and people. However, none of these companies have managed to create a solution that can do this flawlessly. Lifesum want a solution to their calorie counting application. This will offer the user the opportunity to take a picture of a dish and then be able to retrieve which dish the image illustrates. Histogram comparison is one solution to this problem, thought not the most optimal one. Using an algorithm that uses keypoint detection is the most optimal solution, if training of the algorithm is an option. One of the ideas to improve the precision is to allow the user to choose between the five best dishes that the algorithm recommends. In this way one increase the probability of that the wanted dish is one of the recommended dishes. Future work in this topic can involve researching on how training the HOG, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, algorithm would work, to get a better result that could let the FLANN, Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Library, algorithm work faster.

Komparace vlivu externích mocností - Spojených států, Evropské unie, Ruské federace, Číny a Turecka - v izraelsko-arabském prostoru Abstrakt disertační práce L. Hindlsová The dissertation thesis entitled, Comparing Influence of the USA, the EU, China, Russia and Turkey in the Israeli-Arab Area, discusses sub-regional power distribution of selected external global and regional powers. The Buzan & Wæver regional security complex in its expanded form serves as a scheme for measuring influence of above listed external powers through their military, political, economic and cultural foreign-policy tools. The analysis is conducted in four historical phases that were critical for the evolution of the Israeli-Arab conflict since the Israeli-Egypt Peace Treaty in 1979 until the most current period. The objective is to determine shifts and general trends in power distribution and to comprehend where, how and to what extent new rising powers exercise their influence. The thesis tries to determine, whether less synoptic structure of power hierarchy on the global level resulting from relative decline of US power may impact regional power distribution in the Israeli-Arab sub-region and the conflict resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. Therefore it primarily covers activities in the Israeli-Arab sub-region, but...

Lung cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate for the U.S. Black population. There had been considerable research done on different population demographics, necessary to achieve the Healthy People 2020 overarching goals to eliminate health disparities, gain health equity and maintain quality health. Yet, the African-born Black (AFBB) population has been understudied for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study sought to determine whether within race differences in stage at diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC exists between AFBB and American-born Blacks (AMBB) populations in the United States. The study data is secondary data collected as part of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiologic and End Result (SEER) Program from 2004-2011. Athough no significant difference was found between AFBB (n = 119) and AMBB (n = 238) relative to NSCLC stage at diagnosis, differences in treatments were found. The proportion of AFBB patients with early stage (I and II) NSCLC who underwent surgery differed significantly from that of AMBB (p < 0.05); AFBB patients were more likely to receive surgical therapy. The proportion of AFBB patients with stages I-IV of the disease who received radiation treatment also differed significantly from that of AMBB patients (p < 0.05); the latter were more likely to receive radiation therapy. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that AFBB patients were more likely to receive surgical treatment while AMBB patients were more likely to receive radiation treatment. This study outcome can inform other NSCLC research to provide better insights to the cause of the treatment differences within the race from differing birth places, and efficient planning, evaluation of control programs and management of the disease.