Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar a trajetória do aglomerado de confecções de Petrópolis/RJ, destacando as transformações ocorridas em seu evoluir, com o propósito de compreender o seu desempenho e as relações existentes de competição e cooperação entre as empresas e instituições que o compõem. Para atingir esse objetivo, realiza-se o resgate dos conceitos teóricos sobre aglomerados produtivos e sua inserção em uma economia globalizada e caracteriza-se a cadeia têxtil-confecções, apresentando as suas etapas de produção e sua contextualização nacional e internacional, para, então, analisar os aspectos históricos, econômicos e institucionais da trajetória do aglomerado. A análise é feita através do estudo da formação industrial de Petrópolis, da coleta de dados primários quantitativos sobre a cadeia têxtil-confecções do município e de pesquisa de campo com a realização de entrevistas junto a instituições e empresas para a obtenção de informações qualitativas do aglomerado. Por fim, este trabalho aponta as forças do aglomerado e quais são os desafios a serem enfrentados para resgatar o seu desenvolvimento. / This dissertation aims to analyze the path of clothing cluster of Petropolis city, highlighting the changes that occurred in its evolution, in order to understand its performance and the relationship of competition and cooperation between companies and institutions that compose it. To attain this end, theoretical concepts of clusters and their insertion in a globalized economy are redeemed and the textile clothing chain is characterized with its stages of production and its national and international context, to then analyze the historical, economic and institutional aspects of cluster’s path. The analysis is done by studying Petropolis’ industrial origin, collecting primary quantitative data of Petropolis’ textile clothing chain and through a field research with institutions and companies in order to obtain cluster’s qualitative data. Finally, this work points out cluster’s strength and what are the challenges to be faced to rescue its development.

ABSTRACT The subject of this doctoral thesis is a framework for building an industrial policy for sustainable competitiveness of the glass industry in the Czech Republic. Industrial policy and competitiveness do not have commonly accepted definitions. Concepts on definitions differ across nations, regions, stage of development and over time -- in short or long time. Coming from these problems there are questions connected with horizontal or sectoral level of application. Globalization is a challenge for industry, the environmental issues alike. On one hand side is there enormous growth of costs on the other growth of business opportunities. Systemic approach to analysis of the complex of business environment brought progress to solve problems connected with articulation integrated levels. A complete analysis of the glass industry enables to understandnot only problems but also challenges driving the industry. Quality of political environment and mutual collaboration with all the actors is crusial for next development of succesful sustainable growth of the national economy. There is not the question if to do the industrial policy or not; the question is: how to do it?

The aim of the thesis was an analysis of factors influencing the competitiveness of selected industry in foreign markets. For this purpose, the aircraft manufacturing industry was chosen. Firstly I analysed current trends in the aircraft manufacturing, external factors influencing the industry and competitive forces of industry. Based on the lessons learned factors having the greatest influence on the international competitiveness of the aircraft manufacturing industry were identified. These factors were afterwards individually analyzed and the conclusion of this analysis was identifying of opportunities for increasing the competitiveness of the Czech aircraft manufacturing industry on foreign markets in various areas.

Hungary has struggled with budget problems throughout its post-socialist history. With knowledge of economic theory it is possible to analyze the evolution of Hungary's debt after 1989 and thus deduce its weaknesses. Populism and fiscal irresponsibility have characterized majority of Hungarian governments to some extent. Hence, the key to understanding the debt of Hungary may be found on the political level of budgetary policy. With regard to the economic situation, Hungary was forced to implement significant cost-saving measures in recent years. These measures are evaluated at the end of the work. They can be crucial not only in terms of the budgetary situation but also with respect to the perspective on the future economic development and competitiveness of the entire economy.

The thesis researches the transformation of the competitiveness of an enterprise in the globalised economy. The author analyses the transfer of the centre of the competition from the developed countries to the low-cost territories as a new challenge for Czech enterprise, he analyses and predicts future development of the company costs as the tool of the setting of the company goals and selection of appropriate management tools. The thesis utilises the evaluation of macro-economic influences on the trend of company labour costs,, as well as the benchmarking of the Czech equipment manufacturing company with the sister companies in the USA and China. Author is proposing, on the basis of the selected criteria in "new competitive landscape", the testing of vitality of selected company with the support of the range of non-financial criteria and proposes the management of the change of the product and cost structure of the company for the improvement of the competitiveness in global economy

The main discussed problem of this thesis is to find out how competitive United States of Mexico are in worldwide economy. In other words, how competitive United States of Mexico is in comparison with another countries. The first part of this work concludes theoretical knowledge what the competitiveness consists of. The purpose of this part is to understand the competitiveness as a discussed problem of nowadays. The second part of this thesis describes the development of Mexican economy from the year of its independence to nowadays with a focus mostly on the origin of Mexican financial crisis and the North American Free Trade agreement signed by the governments of Canada, United States and Mexico. The third analytical part includes the analysis of the competitiveness of Mexican economy through indicators and markers determined by World economic forum in Geneva, more specifically through the Index of global competitiveness. This part also compares Mexican economy with the BRIC countries of similar stage of newly advanced economic development in the future that refers to Brazil, Russia, India and China. The fourth part describes the analysis of the competitiveness of Mexican economy from the regional point of view. This part recognizes tree main macro regions and description of industry in specific states. The fifth part shows data for the ease of doing business rank (out of 183 economies)in United States of Mexico with the complete analysis of reforms and other improvements taken by United States of Mexico to help more the entrepreneurship.

The aim of my diploma thesis is the macroeconomic analysis of the Visegrad Four countries after joining the EU, which will be evaluated in the international context. It will be assessed on three levels, both in terms of economic performance of V-4 converging countries, based on Eurostat statistical data and the Czech Statistical Office. At the second level, it will be assessed in terms of multi-criteria evaluation of the Global Competitiveness Report, which in addition to hard statistical data, is working with soft data as well. At the third level, the Competitiveness will be evaluated in terms of innovation performance, based on an evaluation tool of EU Innovation Union Scoreboard.

Bibliographic citation POLYÁK, Oliver (2012). The impact of Euro Adoption on Competitiveness: The comparison of Czech Republic and Slovakia. Prague, 2012. 71 p. Master thesis (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. Master thesis supervisor prof. Ing. Oldřich Dědek, CSc. Abstract The present master's thesis is focused on the impact of introducing the common European currency on competitiveness of a country. There has been a lot written about the possible effects of euro adoption on economies of the first eurozone participants. The contribution of this thesis is that we explore the impact of euro introduction on competitiveness of Slovakia, in comparison to the Czech Republic which still uses its own national currency. Our findings suggest that most of the analyzed competitiveness indicators evolved largely in parallel in both countries. Positive trade effects brought about by the introduction of the euro are rather moderate - up to 5%. Slovak credit development was more favorable during the crisis, reflecting lower interest rates in eurozone. On the other hand, high contributions to European stabilization funds may hamper Slovak economic growth and negatively influence country's competitiveness in future. JEL Classification F14, F15 Keywords...

Com um quinto da água doce do planeta, o sistema fluvial da Amazônia apresenta um enorme potencial para piscicultura. De acordo com a FAO, em função das suas condições geográficas, o Brasil é um dos poucos países que tem condições de atender à crescente demanda mundial, podendo tornar-se um dos maiores produtores de peixes do mundo. A observação desse potencial amazônico motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa que se debruça sobre a questão da competitividade da cadeia produtiva de Arapaima gigas, o pirarucu da Amazônia brasileira. As pesquisas de campo levaram ao mapeamento de duas cadeias: a cadeia extrativista e a piscicultura. A abordagem sistêmica permitiu a verificação das características dos atores e as bases sob as quais as transações se estabelecem. À luz da teoria das restrições foram identificados os gargalos que impedem a competitividade do sistema, inclusive alertando para os recursos com restrição de capacidade. Comprovou-se que a falta de uma cadeia produtiva devidamente organizada pode provocar graves prejuízos a determinados elos, enquanto outros membros aproveitam-se de ações oportunistas para ampliar suas margens de lucro. Da mesma forma, a ausência de uma cadeia produtiva completa impede a fixação do valor gerado na região de origem das matérias-primas. No entanto, também foi possível comprovar que há possibilidade de desenvolver o extrativismo atribuindo valor econômico aos recursos naturais e gerando renda para a comunidade local. Além de apresentar o panorama do setor na região delimitada, este estudo culminou em reflexões capazes de orientar políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento de cadeias produtivas completas na região da Amazônia brasileira. / With roughly a fifth of the planet\'s fresh water, Amazon fluvial system has a huge potential for fish farming. According to FAO, Brazil is one of the few countries that is able to meet the growing global demand and could become one of the world\'s largest fish producer. This research was motivated by the acknowledge of this huge potential. The focus of analysis is related to the competitiveness of the Arapaima gigas productive chain, a large fish called the \"pirarucu of Brazilian Amazon\". Field research led to the mapping of two distinct chains: the extractivism-based chain and fish farming chain. The systemic approach allowed the researcher to gain knowledge on players individual characteristics and on the ground under which the transactions are established. In light of the theory of constraints it were identified some bottlenecks that hinder system competitiveness, including a warning against some resources with capacity constraint. It was found also that the lack of a properly organized production chain can cause serious damage to certain links, while other members take opportunistic advantage. Likewise, the absence of a complete production chain prevents locals to properly accrue all value generated in the region of origin of the raw materials. However, it was also possible to demonstrate that it is possible use the economic potencial of Amazonian Region delivering economic value to local community. In addition, this study also contributes ellaborating some reflections to support public policies concerned with the development of a complete production chain in Brazil\'s Amazon region.

Na literatura sobre redes empresariais é notada a importância de dois temas interligados: competitividade e gestão tecnológica. Atualmente, a competitividade interfirmas é dependente dos investimentos em tecnologias organizacionais realizados por empresas individuais que, por sua vez, estão baseados, primariamente, nos referenciais de comportamento da demanda. Em relação ao ambiente interno das empresas que compõem uma rede, os fatores de competitividade (que dependem dos referenciais de demanda) são usados como base para se determinar as \"melhores práticas\" e tecnologias organizacionais que podem otimizar o desempenho individual das empresas e, conseqüentemente, melhoram a competitividade interorganizacional. O estudo consiste na seguinte questão: em uma rede, em quais tecnologias as empresas devem investir para obterem um real aumento de competitividade sistêmica? Para isso, o presente trabalho propôs uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa para melhorar a competitividade de rede através de investimentos tecnológicos adequados. Normalmente, uma competitividade melhorada pode ser constatada através do aumento nas vendas de produtos, proporcionando, conseqüentemente, uma maior participação de mercado. Como sistemática de validação, o estudo de caso desenvolvido em uma rede interfirmas do setor citrícola serviu como laboratório da metodologia proposta, denominada de \"Metodologia de Análise Competitiva e Tecnológica\" (MACT). O principal resultado da aplicação da MACT é uma prescrição de tecnologias organizacionais para aumentar o desempenho de empresas individuais, bem como a competitividade de toda a rede. Portanto, esse trabalho contribui com a gestão de redes interfirmas através da determinação de investimentos em tecnologias que melhorem processos de negócio em uma perspectiva individual e coletiva. / In the business networks literature has been noticing the importance of two interlinked themes: competitiveness and technological management. Nowadays, the interfirm competitiveness is dependent of investments in organizational technologies accomplished by individual enterprises that, for its time, are based, primarily, in demand behavior patterns. In relation to internal ambient of companies that compose a network, the competitiveness factors (that depend of demand patterns) are used as references to determine the best practices and organizational technologies that can optimize the individual performance of enterprises and, consequently, improve the interorganizational competitiveness. The study consists of following question: in an interfirm network, in which technologies the companies should invest to obtain a real increase of systemic competitiveness? For that, the present work proposed a qualitative/quantitative methodology to improve the network competitiveness through appropriate technological investments. Usually, an improved competitiveness can be verified through the increase in the products sales, providing, consequently, a larger market share. As validation systematic, the case study developed in a interfirm network belonging to citrus segment served as laboratory of proposed methodology, denominated of \"Methodology of Competitive and Technological Analysis\" (MCTA). The main result of MCTA application is a prescription of organizational technologies toincrease the performance of individual firms, as well the whole network competitiveness. Therefore, this work contributes with the management of interfirm networks through determination of investments in technologies that improve business processes in individual and collective perspectives.