Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit ont été consacrés à la compréhension du procédé de fabrication des mousses phénoliques et de la chimie associée, dans le but de proposer des modifications de la formulation permettant l’amélioration de ses propriétés mécaniques (friabilité et comportement en compression). Dans un second temps, les propriétés mécaniques en compression, en flexion et la friabilité ont été caractérisées en fonction de la densité relative de la mousse. Les caractéristiques de compression ont été modélisées et comparées aux modèles de Gibson et Ashby. Les résultats montrent que le module d’Young et la contrainte au plateau de compression sont des fonctions quadratiques de la densité relative. Le comportement thermique de la mousse phénolique a été également étudié. L’évolution de la structure chimique des résidus obtenus après différents traitement thermique a été suivie par IRTF. Les observations spectrales ont été interprétées en fonction des réactions de dégradat ion proposées dans la littérature. Les paramètres cinétiques de dégradation de la mousse phénolique ont été déterminés grâce à différentes méthodes dites « model-free kinetic» développées par Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose et Friedman. Finalement, dans une première approche, nous avons essayé de déterminer les paramètres cinétiques, en condition isotherme, du phénomène d’oxydation qui apparait à faible température / The following work has been devoted to the understanding of the phenolic foam manufacturing process and the associated chemistry, to propose modifications of the formulation itself that allows an enhancement in mechanical properties (friability and compression behavior). In addition, these mechanical properties in compression, bending and brittleness were characterized as a function of the foam relative density. Compression properties were modeled and compared to the Gibson and Ashby models. Results show that Young's modulus and collapse plateau stress are quadratic functions of the relative density. Moreover, the thermal behavior of the phenolic foam was also studied. The evolution of the chemical structure of the obtained residues after different thermal treatment was followed by FTIR. Spectral observations were interpreted according to the degradation reactions proposed in the literature. The kinetic parameters of phenolic foams degradation have been determined using different "mo del-free kinetic" approaches, developed by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Friedman. Finally, in a first approach, we tried to determine the kinetic parameters, in isothermal condition, of the oxidation phenomenon that appears at low temperature

No / Nickel coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs) having exceptional mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and dispersibility can effectively overlap in cementitious matrix, thus forming an enhanced and thermal conductive network. They are therefore a promising nanofiller for modifying cement and concrete materials. This paper studies the compressive properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) filled with different aspect ratios of Ni-MWCNTs, including strength, toughness, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. It is concluded that the incorporation of 0.06 vol.% Ni-MWCNTs with an aspect ratio of 1500 maximally increases the compressive strength and toughness of RPC by 20.24%/20.39 MPa and 43.89%/56.35 (N·m), respectively. However, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of Ni-MWCNTs modified composites do not significantly be improved. Besides, a constitutive model of Ni-MWCNTs reinforced RPC under uniaxial compression is established based on the continuum damage mechanics theory, reasonably predicting the relationship between compressive strength and deformation of composites. The modification mechanism of Ni-MWCNTs is also investigated through the temperature distribution monitoring inside composites, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis of Ni-MWCNTs reinforced RPC. The thermal conductive network formed by Ni-MWCNTs in matrix reduces the temperature difference and improves the temperature uniformity inside composites, thereby decreasing thermal stresses, primary cracks and defects of composites. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ni-MWCNTs makes the RPC microstructures dense, decreases the average CaO to SiO2 ratio, and inhibits the development of cracks inside RPC, thus achieving effective enhancement to RPC. / National Science Foundation of China (52178188, 51978127 and 51908103), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT21RC(3)039).

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