依照「強制汽車責任保險法」之規定，費率的釐定應兼採從人及從車因素，旨在使保險費率能更臻公平完整。本研究利用卡方獨立性檢定，以國內某大型產物保險公司之承保與理賠資料為依據，分析可能影響強制汽車責任保險損失之是否發生、損失次數與損失幅度的分類因素。除了法定的從人及從車因素之外，本研究亦試圖由取得之保單資料上找出其他可能影響損失的因子，並比較新制實施前後，其影響損失之分類因素的改變，做為是否應採用此分類因素為核保篩選及費率釐定之參考。 研究結果發現： （一）年餘並非為其有顯著影響力之分類因素； （二）性別、婚姻狀況與車種宜列為影響損失的重要分類因素； （三）肇事記錄與廠型對損失之影響不顧著，並非為重要分類因素； （四）車齡與排氣量並非為重要分類因素； （五）是否投保任意責任險與損失有顯著相關； （六）新制實施後，影響損失的顯著因素中，從人因素多於從車因素。 關鍵字：強制汽車責任保險、從人從車因素、損失頻率、損失幅度 / According to the“The Law of Compulsory Auto Liability Insurance”, the ratemaking should take both human factors and vehicle factors into account. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which affect the loss occurrence, loss frequency and loss severity of compulsory auto liability insurance. Besides these legal factors, this paper also tries to find out other influential factors and compare the outcomes before 1998 with that after 1998. The analysis of the changes on the relevant factors helps the government and insurers to make rating and underwriting decisions. The methodology of this study is chi-square test and the empirical findings are as follows: 1.Age is not a significant risk factor. 2.Gender, marriage status and vehicle category should be considered as significant risk factors. 3. Both driving record and category has less effect on loss and thus should not be treated as important risk factors. 4.Neither vehicle-age nor exhaust volume should be considered as significant risk factors. 5.The factor of purchasing voluntary auto third party liability insurance has an important impact on loss. 6.After the new law of compulsory auto liability insurance has been practiced, it shows that human factors are more significant than vehicle factors in affecting insurance claims. Keywords: compulsory auto liability insurance, human factors and vehicle factors, loss frequency, loss severity

從民國87年所通過的強制汽車責任保險，可發現我國強制汽車責任險的理賠上限與承保範圍等有了重大的改變，造成汽車任意責任險的計算費率必須要重新估算，然而國內對此方面的文獻探討卻著墨不多，因此學生將會針對任意汽車體傷責任險費率釐算詳細加以探討。 而若要重新估計任意汽車責任險首先要做的工作就是要收集完整正確的損失資料，不過由於損失資料的收集相當困難，因此只能透過模擬的損失資料進行任意責任險的費率釐算。而在有模擬的損失資料情況下我們就可透過損失分佈理論進行下列的分析： (1)透過損失資料的特性推估任意汽車責任險可能之損失分佈為Lognormal 分佈。 (2)透過最大概似估計法與特殊法推估Lognormal分佈之參數，並且採用負對數蓋似函數選擇最佳之估計參數。 (3)透過與強制汽車責任險預期損失與汽車任意體傷責任險預期損失之比例關係，釐算汽車任意體傷責任險之純保費。 (4)建立兩種損失趨勢函數，並透過此兩趨勢函數計算汽車任意體傷責任險之高保額係數。 (5)透過上述步驟之計算結果與現行實施之汽車任意體傷責任險費率作比較，以探討是否現行費率是否有超收或不足的現象。 總之，希望此篇論文能夠對未來的汽車任意責任險之費率釐算與保險司費率監督有所幫助。 / Cause the Legislation Yuan passed the compulsory auto liability insurance bill in 1998, we must have a new actuarial pricing of voluntary auto third party insurance. However, all domestic insurers haven’t revised the rate because the absence of the empirical loss data. In addition, only a fewer researches have focused on the actuarial model of this type of insurance. In this paper, we will investigate the pure premium calculation of the voluntary auto insurance, and outline the appropriate model construction procedures. The data we use are not empirical loss data, we calculate the pure premium by the simulated data. The procedures of this study are summarized in the following: (1) Find the possible loss distribution of voluntary auto third party insurance policy. (2) Estimate the parameters of the loss distribution by the maximum likelihood estimate method and the special method of lognormal distribution. (3) Calculation the pure premium of voluntary auto third party insurance. (4) Calculation the increased limits factor(ILF)by two trend functions, and compare the results of two trend functions. (5) Finally, we examine the gross premiums of the voluntary auto third party insurance and compare our results with the actual voluntary auto liability insurance premiums. Altogether, we hope that this paper could be beneficial to the actuaries and also provide suggestions for the government surveillance.