Shrinking transistor sizes have introduced new challenges and opportunities for system-on-chip (SoC) design and reliability. Smaller transistors are more susceptible to early lifetime failure and electronic wear-out, greatly reducing their reliable lifetimes. However, smaller transistors will also allow SoC to contain hundreds of processing cores and other infrastructure components with the potential for increased reliability through massive structural redundancy. Concurrent online testing (COLT) can provide sufficient reliability and availability to systems with this redundancy. COLT manages the process of testing a subset of processing cores while the rest of the system remains operational. This can be considered a temporary, graceful degradation of system performance that increases reliability while maintaining availability. In this dissertation, techniques to assist COLT are proposed and analyzed. The techniques described in this dissertation focus on two major aspects of COLT feasibility: recovery time and test delivery costs. To reduce the time between failure and recovery, and thereby increase system availability, an anomaly-based test triggering unit (ATTU) is proposed to initiate COLT when anomalous network behavior is detected. Previous COLT techniques have relied on initiating tests periodically. However, determining the testing period is based on a device's mean time between failures (MTBF), and calculating MTBF is exceedingly difficult and imprecise. To address the test delivery costs associated with COLT, a distributed test vector storage (DTVS) technique is proposed to eliminate the dependency of test delivery costs on core location. Previous COLT techniques have relied on a single location to store test vectors, and it has been demonstrated that centralized storage of tests scales poorly as the number of cores per SoC grows. Assuming that the SoC organizes its processing cores with a regular topology, DTVS uses an interleaving technique to optimally distribute the test vectors across the entire chip. DTVS is analyzed both empirically and analytically, and a testing protocol using DTVS is described. COLT is only feasible if the applications running concurrently are largely unaffected. The effect of COLT on application execution time is also measured in this dissertation, and an application-aware COLT protocol is proposed and analyzed. Application interference is greatly reduced through this technique.

In this thesis, we present a simple and efficient automated analysis tool called DoSSO that detects shared objects in multithreaded Java programs. DoSSO reports only the shared objects that are modified by at least one thread. Based on this tool, we propose a new approach in developing concurrent software where programmers implement the system without considering synchronization issues first and then use appropriate locking mechanism only for the objects reported by DoSSO. To evaluate the applicability of DoSSO, we have conducted a case study on a distributed and concurrent system with graphical user interfaces. Case study results showed that DoSSO is able to identify objects that become shared among explicitly defined threads and event threads, and objects that become shared through RMI.

<p> </p><p>Most software today is concurrent and are used in everything from cell-</p><p>phones, washing machines, cars to aircraft control systems. The reliability</p><p>of the concurrent software may be more or less critical, depending on which</p><p>a.o. domain it is functioning in. Irrespective of domain, the concurrent</p><p>software must be sufficiently reliable.</p><p>It is therefore interesting to study how adaptable test methods for sequential</p><p>software are to test concurrent software. Novel test methods for concurrent</p><p>software can be developed by adapting test methods for sequential software.</p><p>In this dissertation, adaptability factors have been identified by conducting</p><p>a literature survey over state-of-the-art test methods. Directions taken in</p><p>the research of concurrent software testing is described by the survey. The</p><p>survey also demonstrates differences and similarities between test methods.</p><p>Three research contributions has been achieved by this dissertation. First,</p><p>this dissertation presents a survey over state-of-the-art-test methods. The</p><p>second contribution is the identified adaptability factors that should be</p><p>added to a test method for sequential software, that will be adapted to test</p><p>concurrent software. Finally, the third contribution to the field of concurrent</p><p>software testing is the identified future work in areas where test methods for</p><p>concurrent software has not been researched much or at all.</p><p> </p>

<p>The main process of this dissertation involves thedevelopment and refinement of a conceptual framework fordescribing and discussing cross-functional co-operation andnetworking within product realisation processes. The conceptualframework, the analysis of the case study and a discussion ofthe implications and challenges for research and industrialsector are the main results of the dissertation.</p><p>Industrial firms face different demands, which create anumber of potential sources of conflicts(‘faster–better–cheaper’), for examplebetween market, product development and manufacturingfunctions. The transformation of industrial firms from beingtraditionally hierarchically organised to becoming team-,project- and process-based has delegated a number ofresponsibilities to employees–for example, to interactwith others in planning and decision-making, and to act onissues or problems that may arise during daily work. Thissituation requires that new workand co-operation patterns aredeveloped between employees and between work units. Theestablishment of new co-operative behaviour seldom developswithout active support. Several studies confirm that there is aneed for organisational/managerial support for cross-functionalco-operation to develop, but that this type of support is oftenneglected (Blackler et al, 1997; Gabrielsson, 1998; Majchrzakand Wang, 1996).</p><p>The case study, reported in this dissertation, waslongitudinal and context-oriented. The study pointed out thatan integrative view of management on the entire ProductRealisation Process (PRP) was lacking during the first vitalphases of the organisational restructuring. However, itdeveloped continuously over time, which indicates a change inorganisational paradigm. Support for cross-functionalco-operation was considered and implemented only after thatco-operation had collapsed in a pilot group. The support was,for example, based on‘Work Reflection Seminars’,which served as forums for discussing the new ways of working.In addition, two different parallel networks, originating fromthe previous organisational structure, had considerable impacton the development of cross-functional co-operation, whichdemonstrates the importance and power of practised rather thanformally ordered activities.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Cross-functional Co-operation, Networking,Product Realisation Process, Concurrent Engineering, Productdevelopment, Production, Organisational Change, OrganisationalRestructuring.</p>

<p>This thesis presents an extension of the contemporaryengineering design theory towards a unified view onsimultaneous development of products and manufacturing systems,i.e. concurrent engineering.</p><p>The traditional engineering design theory explains therealization of a product design as a development of productstructure from four perspectives: technical process, function,technical solution, and physical embodiment. This thesisextends the engineering design theory with a set of definitionsand universal statements. These definitions and universalstatements describe manufacturing systems from same fourperspectives. In that context they also describe therelationship between a product and its manufacturing system.The thesis contributes to the creation of a single theoreticalsystem based on an integration of theories from two engineeringdesign schools, the WDK and the Axiomatic Design. WDKtheoriesare in this new context utilized for qualitative synthesis ofthe developed artifacts, while the Axiomatic Design is utilizedfor structuring and analyzing the corresponding quantitativeparameters.</p><p>The definitions and universal statements describe thedevelopment structures for productsand manufacturing systems.This description is utilized for definition of a system fordevelopment of these structures, i.e. (i) a stage-gate-basedmanufacturing system development process, (ii) a developmentmethodology toolbox, and (iii) an information managementframework consisted of an information model harmonized with thesystems engineering data management standard STEP AP 233.</p><p>The research has been carried out in a close collaborationwith Swedish manufacturing industry. The utilized researchmethodology is the hypothetic- deductive method, with casestudy as an observation method.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Concurrent Engineering, Engineering Design,Development Methods and Tools, Manufacturing System,Information Management.</p>

Successful Concurrent Engineering (CE) with suppliers requires a pre-disposition on the part of the prime company and the supplier to work in this manner. This thesis explores the impact of design ethos on the implementation of Supplier-inLoop (SIL) CE between an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and a first tier supplier. Design ethos for the purpose of this thesis is described as 'a characteristic manner or approach to constraints on SIL displayed by personnel involved in the design of new products'. This research employs a mixed-method to understand SIL constraints across industry sectors. A design ethos framework is developed and a military design community is characterised in terms of anomalies to the existing literature. These anomalies are then tested through a questionnaire and then interpreted in terms of the design ethos framework. The results of this comparison show that some characteristics are common to both the civil and military design communities and some are not. A case is made that design ethos, in the context of SIL, is primarily determined by: suppliers' aptitude, skill level and contracts; problems with data I information exchange mechanisms; existing processes, relationships and management support; supplier history; technological view of the product; external influences on the process; existing design milestones; visibility of supplier capability; and, continuity of service in terms of skill and data security. The research concludes that the implementation of SIL is directly impacted by design ethos, and that for SIL to be a success in the military sector design ethos must be managed in line with business objectives. The contribution to knowledge that this thesis provides is the insight it offers into the human issues associated with implementing concurrent engineering with external suppliers, and the identification of sector-specific issues as well as those which will benefit from cross sectoral learning. It is of value to military and civil OEMs for purpose of change management, also to their suppliers in understanding the different needs of military and civil customers when working in a concurrent engmeenng manner.

Dual credit, which allows students to simultaneously earn high school and college credit for the same course, is widely-implemented across the country. Dual credit is thought to promote student success in higher education. However, there is limited research on whether dual credit courses taken in high school positively influence college-level outcomes. Using Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic analysis to control for student background characteristics, this study examines the relationship between dual credit and student success in college, specifically freshman grade point average and college graduation. The study examines an existing dataset from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board that includes approximately 35,870 students. Results suggest that dual credit positively influences college outcomes. / text

This thesis report presents the work of analysing current challenges in Multidisciplinary Analysis systems. Exemplary the system of an aerospace supplier, GKN Aerospace Sweden AB, is examined and several suggestions for improve- ment are implemented. The Multidisciplinary Analysis system, with company internal name Engineering Workbench, employs a set-based approach in exploring the design-space for jet engine components. A number of design cases with varied geometrical and environmental parameters is generated using Design of Experiment sampling methods. Each design case is then subjected to a set of analyses. Using the analyses results, a surrogate model of the parts behaviour in relation to the input parameters is created. This enables the product developer to get a general view of the model’s behaviour and also to react to changes in product requirements. Design research methodology is applied to further develop the Engineering Workbench into a versatile design support system and expand the functionality to include producibility assessment. In its original state, the execution of a study requires explicit domain knowledge and programming skills in several disciplines. The execution of a study is often halted by minor process errors. Several methods to improve this status are suggested and tested. Among those are the introduction of an interface to improve the usability and expand the range of possible users. Further the integration of a four level system architecture supporting a modular structure. Producibility assessment is enabled by developing an expert system where geometrical and simulation results can be caught, analysed and evaluated to produce producibility metrics. Evaluation of the implemented solutions indicate a step in the right direction. Further development towards Multidisciplinary Optimisation, involving experts in information technologies as well as case- based reasoning techniques is suggested and discussed.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify and analyze relevant dimensions of cooperation between design and production related to product development. The study also focuses on suggesting improvements of the co-operation dimensions between production departments and the product development departments in the Product Development Process (PDP) at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT AB). SIT AB produces gas and steam turbines. Their increasing production pace and increasing number of product development projects have highlighted the importance of improved co-operations between departments within the company. We have developed an analysis model including the dimensions of co-operation we found relevant for the study. These are Timing of Upstream – Downstream Activities; Richness &amp; Quality of Information; Frequency of Information Transmission; Direction of Communication; Formalization of Communication; Organizational Support; Goal Optimization; Attitudes in Cross-functional Teams; and Understanding of Tasks. For product development SIT AB follows an extensive process; the PDP. This is a sequential process where all activities are performed in sequence and therefore it obstructs the implementation of Concurrent Engineering. Concurrent Engineering aims to shorten development time and to consider the total job as a whole by performing independent activities in parallel. Hence, we argue that SIT AB should work toward a more integrated process with more parallel activities. The performance in all the dimensions of co-operation differ between large and small projects since the co-operation in large projects work much better than in small projects due to better followed process description; more face-to-face discussions; a better balance between informal and formal communication; and more focus on project goals and team building. The improvement proposals are presented in a separate chapter as actions classified according to the potential impact on the organization and the estimated difficulty to implement them. The proposals include for example: training more project managers; initiate work shop practice for design engineers; and give more and better explanations of decisions and actions. / Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att identifiera och analysera relevanta dimensioner av samarbete mellan produktion och konstruktion i samband med produktutveckling. Syftet är också att föreslå förbättringar i samarbetet mellan produktions- och konstruktionsavdelningarna i produktutvecklingsprocessen (PDP) på Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT AB). SIT AB producerar ång- och gasturbiner. Betydelsen av ett gott samarbete mellan avdelningar i organisationen har belysts i samband med att produktionstaken de senaste åren har ökat och fler produktutvecklingsprojekt har initierat. Vi har utvecklat en analysmodell som innehåller de dimensioner av samarbete som vi anser är relevanta för området. Dessa är: timing av uppströms – nedströms aktiviteter, rikhet &amp; kvalitet på information, frekvens av informationsöverföring, riktning på kommunikation, formalisering av kommunikation, organisatoriskt support, måloptimering, attityder i tvärfunktionella team samt förståelse för uppgifter. Vid produktutveckling följer SIT AB den omfattande processen PDP. PDP är en sekventiell process där alla aktiviteter utförs i en sekvens vilket motverkar implementeringen av Concurrent Engineering. Concurrent Engineering syftar till att korta utvecklingstiden för produkter och beakta arbetet ur ett helhetsperspektiv bland annat genom utförande av oberoende aktiviteter parallellt. Därför anser vi att SIT AB ska arbeta mot en mer integrerad process med fler parallella aktiviteter. Det är stor skillnad på prestationen i samarbetsdimensionerna mellan stora och små projekt. Stora projekt fungerar mycket bättre än små vilket kan relateras till att stora projekt följer processbeskrivningarna bättre, har en bättre balans mellan informell och formell kommunikation, och fokuserar mer på projektmål och sammansvetsade projektgrupper. Förbättringsförslagen är presenterade som konkreta åtgärder i ett separat kapitel och är klassificerade med hänsyn till varje förslags potentiella effekt på organisationen och dess uppskattade svårighetsgrad att implementera. Förslagen är bland annat att utbilda fler projektledare, inrätta verkstadspraktik för konstruktörer och ge fler och bättre förklaringar till beslut och handlingar.

Formal methods provide means for rigorously specifying the desired behaviour of a hardware or software system, making a precise model of its actual behaviour, and then verifying whether that actual behaviour corresponds to the specification.<br><br> My habiliation thesis reports on various contributions to this realm, where my main interest has been on algorithmic aspects. This is motivated by the observation that asymptotic worst-case complexity, often used to characterize the difficulty of algorithmic problems, is only loosely related to the difficulty encountered in solving those problems in practice.<br><br> The two main types of system I have been working on are pushdown systems and Petri nets. Both are fundamental notions of computation, and both offer, in my opinion, particularly nice opportunities for combining theory and algorithmics.<br><br> Pushdown systems are finite automata equipped with a stack; since the height of the stack is not bounded, they represent a class of infinite-state systems that model programs with (recursive) procedure calls. Moreover, we shall see that specifying authorizations is another, particularly interesting application of pushdown systems.<br><br> While pushdown systems are primarily suited to express sequential systems, Petri nets model concurrent systems. My contributions in this area all concern unfoldings. In a nutshell, the unfolding of a net N is an acyclic version of N in which loops have been unrolled. Certain verification problems, such as reachability, have a lower complexity on unfoldings than on general Petri nets.