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Síntese e caracterização de membrana condutiva para tratamento de água e efluentes. / Synthesis and characterization of conductive membrane for water and waste water treatment.Piaia, Alessandra 29 August 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de polianilina (PANI) a uma solução polimérica de poliétersulfona (PES) e N-metil-pirrolidona (NMP), com o intuito de sintetizar membranas de ultrafiltração a partir do método de inversão de fases. O desafio consistem em combinar alta condutividade elétrica, boas propriedades mecânicas e oxidação eletroquímica, permitindo assim que a oxidação de possíveis contaminantes ocorra ao mesmo tempo em que a membrana atua como uma barreira de filtração seletiva. O efeito da adição de PANI foi avaliado quanto à morfologia da membrana, capacidade de separação e desempenho, em termos de permeabilidade e condutividade. As membranas modificadas apresentaram uma morfologia muito singular quando analisadas pelo Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), poros maiores foram identificados, ausência da camada seletiva, diminuição da camada inferior e grandes fases aglomeradas ao longo da seção transversal. Devido ao aumento do tamanho dos poros, a seletividade das membranas modificadas foi comprometida. Os resultados de porosidade para as membranas modificadas variaram entre 53 e 66%. A permeabilidade e a condutividade das membranas modificadas aumentaram à medida que a concentração de PANI também aumentou. O fluxo mediano obtido para a membrana com concentração de 40% de PANI foi de 835 L.m-2.h-1, cerca de 5 vezes maior do que o fluxo mediano obtido para a membrana controle. Já a condutividade mediana obtida para a mesma membrana modificada foi de 1,7x10-6 S, cerca de 15 vezes maior do que a membrana controle. Durante o teste de voltametria cíclica não foram observadas reações de oxidação-redução, nem da solução de ferro-cianeto nem da própria polianilina, ao aplicar uma tensão variando entre -0,2 V e 0,8 V. Desta forma, a partir dos resultados, pode-se afirmar que a adição de Polianilina alterou a morfologia e o desempenho das membranas modificadas, destacando o incremento na permeabilidade, hidrofilicidade e condutividade, mantendo sua característica de ser uma barreira de filtração seletiva. / In this work, different concentrations of Polyaniline (PANI) were added to a polymer solution made of Polyethersulfone (PES) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), in order to synthesize ultrafiltration membranes by the phase inversion method and the challenge of combine high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical oxidation, thus allowing the oxidation of matter to occur at the same time that the membrane acts as a selective and reliable filtration barrier. The effect of PANI addition was evaluated regarding the membrane morphology, separation capacity and performance in terms of permeability and conductivity. The modified membranes presented a very unique morphology when analyzed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), larger pores were identified, absence of the selective layer, decrease of the lower layer and large agglomerated phases with phase contour characterization along the cross section. Due to the increase in pore size, the selectivity of the modified membranes was compromised. The porosity results for the modified membranes are only reflections of the morphology obtained, and the median porosities varied between 53 and 66%. The permeability and conductivity of the modified membranes increased as the PANI concentration also increased. The median flow obtained for the membrane with 40% PANI concentration was 835 L.m-2.h-1, about 5 times higher than the median flow obtained for the control membrane. The median conductivity obtained for the same modified membrane was 1.7x10-6 S, about 15 times higher than the control membrane. During the cyclic voltammetry test, no oxidation-reduction reactions were observed, neither the iron-cyanide solution nor the polyaniline itself, when applying a voltage ranging from -0.2 V to 0.8 V. From the results, it can be affirmed that the addition of polyaniline particles altered the morphology and performance of the modified membranes, highlighting the increase in permeability, hydrophilicity and conductivity, maintaining its characteristics of being a selective filtration barrier.
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Síntese e caracterização de membrana condutiva para tratamento de água e efluentes. / Synthesis and characterization of conductive membrane for water and waste water treatment.Alessandra Piaia 29 August 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de polianilina (PANI) a uma solução polimérica de poliétersulfona (PES) e N-metil-pirrolidona (NMP), com o intuito de sintetizar membranas de ultrafiltração a partir do método de inversão de fases. O desafio consistem em combinar alta condutividade elétrica, boas propriedades mecânicas e oxidação eletroquímica, permitindo assim que a oxidação de possíveis contaminantes ocorra ao mesmo tempo em que a membrana atua como uma barreira de filtração seletiva. O efeito da adição de PANI foi avaliado quanto à morfologia da membrana, capacidade de separação e desempenho, em termos de permeabilidade e condutividade. As membranas modificadas apresentaram uma morfologia muito singular quando analisadas pelo Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), poros maiores foram identificados, ausência da camada seletiva, diminuição da camada inferior e grandes fases aglomeradas ao longo da seção transversal. Devido ao aumento do tamanho dos poros, a seletividade das membranas modificadas foi comprometida. Os resultados de porosidade para as membranas modificadas variaram entre 53 e 66%. A permeabilidade e a condutividade das membranas modificadas aumentaram à medida que a concentração de PANI também aumentou. O fluxo mediano obtido para a membrana com concentração de 40% de PANI foi de 835 L.m-2.h-1, cerca de 5 vezes maior do que o fluxo mediano obtido para a membrana controle. Já a condutividade mediana obtida para a mesma membrana modificada foi de 1,7x10-6 S, cerca de 15 vezes maior do que a membrana controle. Durante o teste de voltametria cíclica não foram observadas reações de oxidação-redução, nem da solução de ferro-cianeto nem da própria polianilina, ao aplicar uma tensão variando entre -0,2 V e 0,8 V. Desta forma, a partir dos resultados, pode-se afirmar que a adição de Polianilina alterou a morfologia e o desempenho das membranas modificadas, destacando o incremento na permeabilidade, hidrofilicidade e condutividade, mantendo sua característica de ser uma barreira de filtração seletiva. / In this work, different concentrations of Polyaniline (PANI) were added to a polymer solution made of Polyethersulfone (PES) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), in order to synthesize ultrafiltration membranes by the phase inversion method and the challenge of combine high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties and electrochemical oxidation, thus allowing the oxidation of matter to occur at the same time that the membrane acts as a selective and reliable filtration barrier. The effect of PANI addition was evaluated regarding the membrane morphology, separation capacity and performance in terms of permeability and conductivity. The modified membranes presented a very unique morphology when analyzed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), larger pores were identified, absence of the selective layer, decrease of the lower layer and large agglomerated phases with phase contour characterization along the cross section. Due to the increase in pore size, the selectivity of the modified membranes was compromised. The porosity results for the modified membranes are only reflections of the morphology obtained, and the median porosities varied between 53 and 66%. The permeability and conductivity of the modified membranes increased as the PANI concentration also increased. The median flow obtained for the membrane with 40% PANI concentration was 835 L.m-2.h-1, about 5 times higher than the median flow obtained for the control membrane. The median conductivity obtained for the same modified membrane was 1.7x10-6 S, about 15 times higher than the control membrane. During the cyclic voltammetry test, no oxidation-reduction reactions were observed, neither the iron-cyanide solution nor the polyaniline itself, when applying a voltage ranging from -0.2 V to 0.8 V. From the results, it can be affirmed that the addition of polyaniline particles altered the morphology and performance of the modified membranes, highlighting the increase in permeability, hydrophilicity and conductivity, maintaining its characteristics of being a selective filtration barrier.
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Novel Membrane-Based Approaches for Mitigating Biosensor InterferentsDeBrosse, Madeleine 24 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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Carbon Dioxide Valorization through Microbial Electrosynthesis in the Context of Circular BioeconomyBian, Bin 11 1900 (has links)
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) has recently emerged as a novel biotechnology platform for value-added product generation from waste CO2 stream. Integrating MES technology with renewable energy sources for both CO2 valorization and renewable energy storage is regarded as one type of artificial photosynthesis and a perfect example of circular bioeconomy. However, several challenges remain to be addressed to scale-up MES as a feasible process for chemical production, which include enhanced production rate, reduced energy consumption and excellent resistance to external fluctuations. To fill these knowledge gaps, different in-depth approaches were proposed in this dissertation by optimizing the cathode architecture, CO2 flow rates and utilizing efficient photoelectrode to improve MES performance and stability. A novel cathode design, made of conductive hollow fiber membrane, was developed in this dissertation to improve CO2 availability at MES cathode surface via direct CO2 delivery to chemolithoautotrophs through the pores in the hollow fibers. By modifying the hollow fiber surface with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), higher bioproduct formation was achieved with excellent faradaic efficiencies, which could be attributed to the improved surface area for bacterial adhesion and the reduction of cathodic electron transfer resistance. Since CO2 flow rate from industrial facilities typically varies over time, this hollow-fiber architecture was also applied to test the resistance of MES systems to CO2 flow rate fluctuation. Stepwise increase of CO2 flow rates from 0.3 ml/min to 10 ml/min was tested and the effect of CO2 flow rate fluctuations was evaluated in terms of biochemical generation and microbial community. MES was further integrated with renewable energy supply for both energy storage and CO2 transformation into biofuels and biochemicals. Stable MES photoanode, based on molybdenum-doped bismuth vanadate deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO/BiVO4/Mo), was prepared for efficient solar energy harvesting and overpotential reduction for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which contributed to one of the highest solar-to-biochemical conversion efficiencies ever reported for photo-assisted MES systems. The applied nature of this dissertation with fundamental insights is of great importance to bring MES one step closer to full-scale applications and enable MES technology to be economically more viable for renewable energy storage and CO2 valorization.
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Validation of a Novel Conductive Membrane Sensor Protection Technique to Mitigate Redox-Active InterferentsSuresh, Sreelakshmy January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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