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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo dos ?xidos A2B2O7 e ABO3 a base de terras raras, para aplica??es t?rmicas e catal?ticas a altas temperaturas

Lopes, Francisco Wendell Bezerra 16 December 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoWBL_TESE.pdf: 1361043 bytes, checksum: 47b3dc32f3c2abd6fdeb92f28f440080 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Rare earth elements have recently been involved in a range of advanced technologies like microelectronics, membranes for catalytic conversion and applications in gas sensors. In the family of rare earth elements like cerium can play a key role in such industrial applications. However, the high cost of these materials and the control and efficiencies associated processes required for its use in advanced technologies, are a permanent obstacle to its industrial development. In present study was proposed the creation of phases based on rare earth elements that can be used because of its thermal behavior, ionic conduction and catalytic properties. This way were studied two types of structure (ABO3 and A2B2O7), the basis of rare earths, observing their transport properties of ionic and electronic, as well as their catalytic applications in the treatment of methane. For the process of obtaining the first structure, a new synthesis method based on the use of EDTA citrate mixture was used to develop a precursor, which undergone heat treatment at 950 ? C resulted in the development of submicron phase BaCeO3 powders. The catalytic activity of perovskite begins at 450 ? C to achieve complete conversion at 675 ? C, where at this temperature, the catalytic efficiency of the phase is maximum. The evolution of conductivity with temperature for the perovskite phase revealed a series of electrical changes strongly correlated with structural transitions known in the literature. Finally, we can establish a real correlation between the high catalytic activity observed around the temperature of 650 ? C and increasing the oxygen ionic conductivity. For the second structure, showed clearly that it is possible, through chemical processes optimized to separate the rare earth elements and synthesize a pyrochlore phase TR2Ce2O7 particular formula. This "extracted phase" can be obtained directly at low cost, based on complex systems made of natural minerals and tailings, such as monazite. Moreover, this method is applied to matters of "no cost", which is the case of waste, making a preparation method of phases useful for high technology applications / Elementos terras raras t?m sido recentemente envolvido em uma ampla gama de tecnologias avan?adas, como a microeletr?nica, membranas para a convers?o catal?tica e aplica??es em sensores de g?s. Na fam?lia de terras raras, elementos como o c?rio pode desempenhar um papel chave em tais aplica??es industriais. No entanto, o alto custo desses materiais e do controle e efici?ncias dos processos associados necess?rios para sua utiliza??o em tecnologias avan?adas, s?o um obst?culo permanente ao seu desenvolvimento industrial. No presente trabalho, foi proposto a obten??o de duas fases baseadas em elementos de terras raras que podem ser utilizados devido o seu comportamento t?rmico, condu??o i?nica e propriedades catal?ticas. Desta maneira, foram estudados dois tipos de estrutura (ABO3 e A2B2O7), a base de terras raras, observando suas propriedades de transporte i?nico e eletr?nico, bem como suas aplica??es catal?ticas no tratamento do metano. Durante o processo de obten??o da primeira estrutura, um novo m?todo de s?ntese baseado no uso da mistura EDTA citrato foi usado para desenvolver um precursor, que submetidos a tratamento t?rmico a 950?C, resultou no desenvolvimento de p?s submicrom?tricos da fase BaCeO3. A atividade catal?tica desta perovskita come?a a 450?C para alcan?ar a convers?o completa em 675?C, onde nesta temperatura, a efici?ncia catal?tica da fase ? m?xima. A evolu??o da condutividade em fun??o da temperatura para a fase perovskita revelou uma s?rie de mudan?as el?tricas fortemente correlacionada com transi??es estruturais conhecida na literatura. Finalmente, pode-se estabelecer uma correla??o real entre a alta atividade catal?tica observada em torno da temperatura de 650?C e o aumento da condutividade i?nica de oxig?nio. Para a segunda estrutura, mostrou-se claramente que ? poss?vel, atrav?s de processos qu?micos otimizados, separar os elementos terras raras e sintetizar uma fase pirocloro espec?fica de f?rmula TR2Ce2O7. Esta fase extra?da" pode ser obtida diretamente, de baixo custo, baseado em sistemas complexos feitos de minerais naturais e res?duos, como a monazita. Al?m disso, este m?todo ? aplicado a mat?rias de "custo zero", que ? o caso dos res?duos, tornando um m?todo de prepara??o de fases ?til para aplica??es de alta tecnologia
2

Estudo de um novo eletr?lito polim?rico s?lido em forma de filme autossustent?vel: Poli(?xido de etileno)-tungstato de s?dio

Lima, Gilberto de 05 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-25T22:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 6145295 bytes, checksum: bc53e57020e12cd1c59df71eaa9312a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-16T20:13:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 6145295 bytes, checksum: bc53e57020e12cd1c59df71eaa9312a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T20:13:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 6145295 bytes, checksum: bc53e57020e12cd1c59df71eaa9312a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Filmes polim?ricos autossustent?veis baseados em um novo eletr?lito polim?rico s?lido (EPS), tendo como matriz hospedeira o poli(?xido de etileno) (POE) e como agente dopante o tungstato de s?dio (Na2WO4), foram obtidos para diferentes composi??es do sal (m = 0,20; 0,26; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 e 1,31 mg). Os filmes foram caracterizados por DRX, FTIR, MEV/EDS, TG/DTG, DSC e EI. Os difratogramas de raios X confirmaram a natureza semicristalina do pol?mero e sugeriram que a adi??o do sal provoca uma redu??o na cristalinidade dos filmes. Os dados de FTIR permitiram a an?lise da intera??o entre os ?ons do sal e as cadeias polim?ricas. As micrografias obtidas por MEV demonstraram morfologia esferul?tica intercaladas por liga??es interlamelares para todas as composi??es estudadas. O estudo de TG/DTG mostrou que a decomposi??o t?rmica do eletr?lito ocorre em uma ?nica etapa com a adi??o do sal aumentando a estabilidade t?rmica dos filmes. Os dados de TG/DTG permitiram, ainda, o estudo cin?tico da decomposi??o t?rmica do eletr?lito por meio dos m?todos de Briodo (BR), Coats-Redfern (CR) e Horowitz-Metzger (HM) sugerindo uma cin?tica de 1? ordem para a rea??o de decomposi??o t?rmica dos filmes, assim como, a determina??o dos par?metros termodin?micos de ativa??o: E*, ?H*, ?S* e ?G*. O grau de cristalinidade foi determinado atrav?s dos dados de DSC e mostrou uma redu??o ap?s a adi??o do sal ao pol?mero. O eletr?lito POE/Na2WO4 exibiu um m?ximo de condutividade i?nica de 3,24x10-4 S.cm-1, a temperatura ambiente, para o filme com 1,31 mg do sal. Atrav?s dos dados de imped?ncia foi poss?vel o estudo de relaxa??o das cadeias do POE, assim como, a difus?o do sal entre estas cadeias. Os diagramas de imped?ncia, nos formatos Bode e Nyquist, permitiram o ajuste dos dados experimentais ? circuitos el?tricos equivalentes o que facilitou a associa??o dos componentes dos circuitos aos fen?menos f?sicos e qu?micos observados para os filmes e revelaram que, ap?s a adi??o do sal ao pol?mero, os filmes t?m suas propriedades el?tricas melhoradas. / Self-sustainable polymeric films based on new solid polymer electrolyte, having the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as host matrix and sodium tungstate as doping agent (Na2WO4), were obtained from different salt compositions (m = 0.20; 0.26; 0.30; 0.40; 0.50 and 1.31 mg). The films were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, TG/DTG, DSC and IS. X-ray diffraction showed the semi crystalline nature of the polymer and confirmed that the addition of salt induces reduction in the crystalinity of the films. FTIR data allowed the identification of the interaction between salt ions and polymer chains and confirmed that these interactions are of a physical nature. The micrographs obtained through SEM showed spherulitic morphology interleaved by interlayered bonds for all of the compositions studied. The TG/DTG study revealed that the thermal decomposition of the electrolyte almost happens at a single stage with the addition of salt, increasing the thermal stability of the films. TG/DTG data also allowed the kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of the electrolyte through Broido (BR), Coats-Redfern (CR) and Horowitz-Metzger (HM) methods, suggesting a first-order kinetic for the reaction of the thermal decomposition of the films, as well as the setting of pre-exponential factor, A, and the thermodynamic activation parameters: E*, ?H*, ?S* and ?G*. The crystallinity degree was determined through DSC data and showed a reduction after the addition of salt to the polymer. The polymer has its conductivity increased after addition of the salt with the PEO-Na2WO4 electrolyte exhibiting maximum of ionic conductivity of 3.24x10-4 S cm-1, to room temperature, for the film with 1.31 mg of salt (F6 film). The impedance data allowed the study on relaxation on PEO chains, even as the diffusion of salt between these chains. The impedance diagrams, on Bode and Nyquist formats, enabled the adjustment of the experimental data to equivalent electric circuits, which facilitated the association of the circuit components to the physical and chemical phenomena observed for the films and revealed that, after the addition of salt to the polymer, the films have their electrical properties enhanced.

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